東姑阿都拉曼

東姑阿都拉曼 Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Hamid Shah
馬來西亞首相
任期 1957年8月31日 – 1970年9月22日
前任	首任
繼任	阿都拉萨
出生	1903年2月8日 馬來聯邦吉打州阿羅士打
逝世	1990年12月06日 （87歲） 马来西亚吉隆坡
政黨	馬來西亞全國巫人統一機構、聯盟

东姑阿都拉曼（Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Hamid Shah，1903年2月8日－1990年12月6日），是马来西亚的第一任首相。同時亦被視為「馬來西亞國父」。

1954年，东姑阿都拉曼成为了马来亚的首席部长。1957年8月31日马来亚独立时，他成为了马来亚的第一任首相。他在1970年时辞职，阿都拉萨成为第二任首相 。1990年因病逝世，享年87岁。

早年

东姑阿都拉曼Putra Al-Haj出生于1903年2月8日,出生在吉打州 Alor Setar。东姑是吉打州第24任统治者Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah的第七个孩子。他的妈妈Che Manjalara (née Nueng Nonthanakorn)是Sultan Abdul Hamid苏丹的第四个妻子。东姑和其他孩子和母亲一样住在一座宫殿中。当他足够大的时候，东姑就跑到宫殿的外面，和自己的年龄相仿的住在镇上的男孩玩耍。他的母亲强烈反对，但她太专注照顾苏丹，而东姑的护士无则法控制他。当时，霍乱和疟疾是吉打州很常见疫病，至少有两个东姑的兄弟和姐姐霍乱死亡，而东姑自己疟疾间歇性攻击遭受，直到他离开马来西亚前往伦敦（1920年）。

东姑阿都拉曼九岁时，他与其他7名他的玩伴进行了男孩的割礼。事件发生在宫殿建筑群的一个房间中。皇家的Circumciser只花了几秒钟的时间完成这个小手术，但伤口愈合缓慢。在三个星期内，所有的病人包括东姑都必须呆在宫中不出门。马来人和爪哇人的皮影戏是他们每晚仅有的娱乐。

奖学金

东姑阿都拉曼16岁时，他获得了一个奖学金，使他得一去剑桥大学圣凯瑟琳学院学习。东姑设法在一个只能载客12人的9000吨的小型货船上获得了一个座位，随后在新加坡登上了这艘轮船。当货船在Klang River装卸货物时，东姑又感染上了疟疾。他在航行过程中一直发高烧，当船航行1920年元旦航行到Tilbury时还没有完全恢复。不过在那里，一个叫Eccles的代表接待了他，把他带到杭廷顿附近Little Stukeley临时的新家。当时那个教区的资深 Rector是Edgar Vigers神父，住在一个三层高的砖房中。神父supplemented his income by tutoring teenage boys who needed coaching towards a variety of minor examinations. He had registered his name with the Crown Agents, and they sent him students, including Tunku.大多数孩子都是英国人，不过东姑来的同时，这个小团体又加入了三个暹罗（泰国男孩。

生活在一个英国村庄对于东姑是一个全新的体验。起初，他花了他的大部分时间和暹罗（泰国）孩子们玩耍。不久，他买了一辆自行车，和一些青少年成了朋友，在晚上踢足球。这些青少年比东姑更重更慢，于是东姑可以准确地踢足球，带球跑步的速度比他们任何人都快。很快，东姑开始在右边锋位置上为小斯蒂克利球队定期效力了。在村里从来没有人听说过有马来亚人或马来人，于是他们亲切地称呼他“鲍比”。

A大约一年后，东姑意识到，他在他的学习方面进展甚微。他花了火车从亨廷登到伦敦和去他的代理人的办公室去看他的监护人Ezekiel先生。Ezekiel安排东姑到剑桥与巴兹尔·阿特金森先生生活，阿特金森是一位经验丰富的导师，他准备东姑备考参加称为的“Littlego”大学入学考试。一个印度学生则教授东姑几何。东姑努力为自己的考试进行准备，最终在一年后的夏天参加考试。结果发表时，东姑的所有卷子获得了很高的评价、整个考试合格。他于是被接受为剑桥大学本科生，被分配在圣凯瑟琳学院的住宿（格兰德大道11号，一间客厅和卧室）。

吉打州的摄政指示东姑在剑桥大学学习法律，这样他就能在回国后在民政服务中有才可以施展。但是当他度过法律荣誉学士的课程设计之后，东姑决定他只想读一个及格的学位而不是荣誉学位。1922年在剑桥还没有其他马来西亚学生，所以东姑的朋友都是一些英国人或者柬埔寨人（高棉人）。他甚至还和他学院（剑桥大学圣凯瑟琳学院）厨房里的大厨成了朋友，教授大厨如何做正宗的马来风味的米饭和咖喱。他结识了印度的留学生，不过它对于自己本国的政治事业更感兴趣。在学院的足球队中，东姑也搭档右边为一职位。夏天时他则打网球。东姑起初和其他学生一样骑自行车，后来她买了最新款的Riley sports car，用的是妈妈寄给他的钱。当时很少有大学学生拥有轿车，所以东姑因此很出名。1924年东姑参加毕业考试并获得文学学士学位的功过成绩。

在吉打州的职业生涯

Kulim

1931年1月，东姑被任命为吉打州民政府的学徒，他被送到Kulim做地区的助理行政官员。

一些非中文的文字因为尚未翻譯而被隐藏，歡迎參與翻譯。

In Kulim Tunku devoted much of his time touring the district and getting to know the problems of the peasants who made up 90% of the population. It was in Kulim that Tunku married Miss Chong Ah Yong, a friend's daughter who converted to Islam and became Meriam Chong. They were married by the local Kadi in Tunku's government quarters. Soon after Meriam's conversion to Islam she learnt to pray and when the fasting month began, she persuaded Tunku to do so too. A year after marriage, Tunku's daughter was born. He named her Tunku Khadijah. A year later, a son was born and named Tunku Ahmad Nerang. Tunku also devoted some of his time to prepare for Cadet's Law exam in order to qualify for promotion.

他参加了考试并且一次通过。

Padang Terap

大约一年后，东姑被提升为Padang Terap的行政长官。这个职位很不受欢迎，因为其行政中心Kuala Nerang疟疾肆虐。

一些非中文的文字因为尚未翻譯而被隐藏，歡迎參與翻譯。

As soon as Tunku took over the district, he gave orders for a survey to be made of the swamps which bordered the town, obtained an estimate for draining them and applied for the State Secretariat for the necessary funds. Sadly, Tunku's plea for funds were rejected.

A month after Meriam gave birth to her second child, she contracted a severe attack of malaria. Although Tunku gave her the best remedies that he could obtain from Penang, and Meriam made a little progress. An English doctor from Alor Setar who visited her mistakenly gave her an injection of undiluted quinine that killed her instantly, It was tragic misadventure so that Tunku made no attempt to lodge an official report. Instead, he wrote again to the State Secretariat, asking that funds be made available to drain the swamps and to rid Kuala Nerang of the main breeding place of the carriers of malaria. This time the money came and the work was carried out under Tunku's supervision.

When news of Meriam's death reached Violet she handed over the management of her restaurant and sailed for Singapore without Tunku's knowledge. Once she arrived in Singapore, she wrote to Tunku, informing him of her arrival. Tunku immediately took the train to Singapore and net Violet at her hotel. Together they talked about old times and their long friendship. Tunku and Violet Coulson were later married by the Kadi in the Malay mosque in Arab Street according to Muslim rites.

浮罗交怡

一些非中文的文字因为尚未翻譯而被隐藏，歡迎參與翻譯。

It was arranged for Violet to live in Penang for there was a law in Kedah which forbade members of the royal family to marry non-Malays without the prior approval of the Ruler or Regent. Tunku Ibrahim, the Regent, was known to be strongly opposed to mixed marriages, but he died unexpectedly in 1934 and was succeeded as Regent by Tunku Mahmud, the Sultan's younger brother, who was more broad-minded and gave consent to the marriage. This enabled Violet to move to Kuala Nerang, but the Secretary to the Government showed his disapproval by transferring Tunku to the isolated post of District Officer at Langkawi.

The district consisted of a group of islands, thinly populated, sparsely cultivated and without roads. And it was the object of a legendary curse on a term of seven generations which had not yet expired. When Tunku applied for government funds to develop Langkawi his application was rejected. But ever-resourceful, Tunku's genius in winning co-operation from members of the public of all communities led to the construction of a much needed jetty and later to the opening of several earth roads using money and material which he collected.

Tunku also gathered information on the old legends which still haunted Langkawi and pieced together the tragic story of the beautiful Mahsuri, who had been unjustly sentenced to a cruel death, and who had cursed the islands as she died. Tunku caused a search to be made for her grave, and when it was found, totally neglected, he raised enough to meet the cost of providing a white marble covering and an inscribed headstone.

浮罗交怡回归了新生，东姑则宣布Mahsuri's的诅咒已经失效了。

Sungai Petani

英国驻在吉打州的临时代理顾问 S.W. Jones M.C.S. 访问了浮罗交怡，在那里他被东姑的计划所打动，因此劝说州政府将东姑调离并升职。东姑被任命为Sungai Petani的地区长官，这是全吉打州第二重要的地区。

一些非中文的文字因为尚未翻譯而被隐藏，歡迎參與翻譯。

Langkawi was a Shangri-La for Violet, but Sungai Petani was a busy town and the centre of a large district, in which Tunku's every moment was occupied. Violet was no longer happy and Tunku had little time to spare to search for a remedy. Tunku soon became the most popular District Officer Sungai Petani had ever known.

As District Officer, Tunku received instructions from the State Secretariat to implement official decisions. Sometimes, Tunku disagreed with the instructions and wrote to Secretary to the Government expressing his views, although, as he anticipated, they were ignored. After some time, Tunku was summoned to an interview in Alor Setar and he was threatened with disciplinary action if he continued to oppose decisions taken by the state government. The warning only served to stiffen Tunku's resolve. Not long later, all district officers were ordered to enforced a new scheme involving taxi drivers. Tunku received complaints from taxi drivers in Sungai Petani who protested against the new scheme. Tunku then advised them to continue to operate their taxis, and to reject the new scheme. When some of the taxi drivers brought to the Magistrates' Court, where Tunku was on the bench he cautioned and discharged them in spite of vigorous protest from the Officer-in-Charge of the Police District.

The Commissioner of Police Kedah then called on the Secretary to the Government to complain about Tunku. This caused Tunku to be transferred with 24 hours' notice to Kulim as District Officer. The next morning, a convoy of about 40 taxis escorted Tunku to Kulim, which has about 40 miles away from Sungai Petani. In Kulim, Tunku's predecessor had already enforced the government order and there was nothing Tunku could do to help, sensing that his prospects for advancement were limited.

Tunku applied for long leave and left for England together with Violet. In London, Tunku and Violet decided on an amicable divorce. Violet then resumed the management of her restaurant in London.

她后来嫁给了一个在英国服役的美国空军军官。

前任： 首任

马来西亚首相 1957年－1970年

繼任： 阿都拉萨