象属

象属
	; 亚洲象 Elephas maximus
科學分類
界：	动物界 Animalia;
門：	脊索動物門 Chordata;
綱：	哺乳綱 Mammalia;
目：	長鼻目 Proboscidea;
科：	象科 Elephantidae;
屬：	象屬 Elephas; Linnaeus, 1758
模式種
	亚洲象; Elephas maximus; Linnaeus, 1758
	; 现存亚洲象的分佈情況
种
	亚洲象 E. maximus; E. beyeri †; 苏拉威西侏儒象 E. celebensis †; E. hysudricus †; 爪哇象 E. hysudrindicus †; E. iolensis †; E. planifrons †; E. platycephalus †; E. recki †; 古菱齿象亚属 Palaeoloxodon † 古象 E. (P.) antiquus †; E. (P.) tiliensis †; E. (P.) creutzburgi †; E. (P.) chaniensis †; 塞浦路斯侏儒象 E. (P.) cypriotes †; E. (P.) ekorensis †; 欧洲矮象 E. (P.) falconeri †; E. (P.) mnaidriensis †; E. (P.) melitensis †; 纳玛象 E. (P.) namadicus †; 日本纳玛象 E. (P.) naumanni †; ;

象属（学名：Elephas）又名亚洲象属，是象科现存的两属之一，亚洲象是其唯一现存物种。^[1]

本属还包含若干灭绝物种，已知有Elephas recki、古菱齿象亚属中的古象（Elephas antiquus）、欧洲矮象（Elephas falconeri）、塞浦路斯侏儒象（E. cypriotes）等等。本属物种曾遍布欧亚非大陆，但现在仅剩南亚及东南亚有分布。本属也与猛犸象属有密切的亲缘关系。^[2]

[编辑] 分类

象属属于长鼻目象科，下列为现存及已灭绝的物种、亚种及亚属：

象科 Elephantidae
- 象属 Elephas
  - 亚洲象 Elephas maximus
    - 印度象 Elephas maximus indicus
    - 锡兰象 Elephas maximus maximus
    - 苏门答腊象 Elephas maximus sumatranus
    - 婆罗洲象 Elephas maximus borneensis —已发表但还未被正式承认^[3]^[1]
    - 中国象 Elephas maximus rubridens †
    - 叙利亚象 Elephas maximus asurus †
  - Elephas beyeri †
  - 苏拉威西侏儒象 Elephas celebensis †
  - Elephas hysudricus †
  - 爪哇象 Elephas hysudrindicus †
  - Elephas iolensis †
  - Elephas planifrons †
  - Elephas platycephalus †
  - Elephas recki †
    - Elephas recki atavus †
    - Elephas recki brumpti †
    - Elephas recki ileretensis †
    - Elephas recki illertensis †
    - Elephas recki recki †
    - Elephas recki shungurensis †
  - 古菱齿象亚属 Palaeoloxodon †
    - 古象 Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) antiquus †
    - Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) tiliensis †
    - Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) creutzburgi †
    - Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) chaniensis †
    - 塞浦路斯侏儒象 Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) cypriotes †;^[4]
    - Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) ekorensis †
    - 欧洲矮象 Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) falconeri （西西里侏儒象） †
    - Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) mnaidriensis †
    - Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) melitensis †
    - 纳玛象 Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) namadicus †
    - 日本纳玛象 Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) naumanni †

[编辑] 参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Shoshani, Jeheskel. Order Proboscidea (pp. 90-91)//Wilson, Don E., and Reeder, DeeAnn M., eds. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3rd. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols. (2142 pp.). 16 November 2005: 90. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
^ Fleischer, R. C.; Perry, E. A.; Muralidharan, K.; Stevens, E. E.; Wemmer, C. M. (2001). Phylogeography of the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) based on mitochondrial DNA. Evolution 55(9): 1882–1892
^ Fernando, P., Vidya, T.N.C., Payne, J., Stuewe, M., Davison, G., et al. (2003) DNA Analysis Indicates That Asian Elephants Are Native to Borneo and Are Therefore a High Priority for Conservation. PLoS Biol 1(1): e6
^ Bate, D.M.A. 1905. Further note on the remains of Elephas cypriotes from a cave-deposit in Cyprus, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London, Series B 197: 347–360

Todd, N. E. 2001. African Elephas recki: Time, space and taxonomy, In: Cavarretta, G., P. Gioia, M. Mussi, and M. R. Palombo. The World of Elephants, Proceedings of the 1st International Congress, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Rome, Italy. Online pdf
Todd, N. E. 2005. Reanalysis of African Elephas recki: Implications for time, space and taxonomy, Quaternary International 126-128:65-72

[MSW3-0] 1.0 ^1.1 Shoshani, Jeheskel. Order Proboscidea (pp. 90-91)//Wilson, Don E., and Reeder, DeeAnn M., eds. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3rd. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols. (2142 pp.). 16 November 2005: 90. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

[1] Fleischer, R. C.; Perry, E. A.; Muralidharan, K.; Stevens, E. E.; Wemmer, C. M. (2001). Phylogeography of the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) based on mitochondrial DNA. Evolution 55(9): 1882–1892

[Fernando03-2] Fernando, P., Vidya, T.N.C., Payne, J., Stuewe, M., Davison, G., et al. (2003) DNA Analysis Indicates That Asian Elephants Are Native to Borneo and Are Therefore a High Priority for Conservation. PLoS Biol 1(1): e6

[3] Bate, D.M.A. 1905. Further note on the remains of Elephas cypriotes from a cave-deposit in Cyprus, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London, Series B 197: 347–360

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

象属

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