南斯拉夫共產主義者聯盟
南斯拉夫共產聯盟(Savez komunista Jugoslavije, SKJ)，有時簡稱為南共盟，前身為1919年南斯拉夫王國時期所創立的「南斯拉夫共產黨」。
目录 |
[编辑] 沿革
1952年南斯拉夫共產黨第六次全國代表大會期間，更改黨名為「南斯拉夫共產聯盟」，並設立共和國及自治省的共產聯盟組織。
1969第九次全國代表大會更進一步將南斯拉夫共產聯盟帶往真正的聯盟方向。從九大之後，往後的代表大會，各共和國及自治省在全國代表大會之前先召開黨代表會議，然後再將決議帶至全國代表大會進行協調及確認。並且黨的主要機構成員也不再由全國代表大會選舉，改由黨代表會議選舉，全國代表大會加以確認。[1]
1964年到1971年之間，各共和國共產聯盟的獨立性及權力皆有所增加，導致南斯拉夫共產聯盟在實質上變成一個聯邦制機構。 南斯拉夫共產聯盟由八個聯盟組成：
[编辑] 瓦解
1981年约瑟普·布罗兹·铁托去世後，關於南斯拉夫國家政治體系變革的討論，使得共和國及自治省的共產聯盟領袖開始區分他們的政治立場，以民族認同做為社會及政治權力的基礎，並且以民族差異來劃清界線。最終，南斯拉夫共產聯盟先是轉變為一個鬆散的聯合，之後分裂為六塊幾乎一樣強調民族主義的碎片。[2]
1990年代，南共盟分裂，自治省的共產聯盟停止運作，各共和國的共產聯盟則相繼更名為政黨。1990年，塞爾維亞共產聯盟更名為塞爾維亞社會黨(sr:Socijalistička partija Srbije, SPS)。克羅埃西亞共產聯盟轉變為民主促進黨(hr:Stranka demokratskih promjena, SDP)，1994年與克羅埃西亞社會民主主義者(Socijaldemokrati Hrvatske, SDH)合併，更名為克羅埃西亞社會民主黨(hr:Socijaldemokratska partija Hrvatske, SDP)。馬其頓共產聯盟在1990年更名為馬其頓社會民主聯盟(mk:Социјалдемократски сојуз на Македонија, СДСМ)。斯洛文尼亞共產聯盟在1990年改名為斯洛文尼亞民主革新黨(Stranka demokratične prenove Slovenije, SDP)，1993年與社會民主聯盟(Socialdemokratske unije, SDU)及勞工黨(Delavske stranke)合併，組成社會民主黨(sl:Socialni demokrati, SD)。波士尼亞共產聯盟在90年代轉變為波士尼亞－赫塞哥維納社會民主黨(sr:Socijaldemokratska partija Bosne i Hercegovine, SDP-BiH)。蒙地內哥羅共產聯盟則在1991年轉變為蒙地內哥羅社會民主黨(sr:Demokratska Partija Socijalista Crne Gore, DPS)。
[编辑] 政黨領袖
黨起初由 中央委員會書記 之後由 主席團主席領導:
| 姓名 | 任期 | 職銜, 備註 |
|---|---|---|
| Filip Filipović Živko Topalović |
April 1919 - June 1920 | political secretaries |
| Vladimir Ćopić | organizational secretary | |
| Pavle Pavlović Jakov Lastrić |
June 1920 - August 1921 | Presidents of the Central Party Committee |
| Filip Filipović Sima Marković |
political secretaries | |
| Vladimir Ćopić | organizational secretary | |
| After being banned in 1921, the Alternative Central Party leadership, formed in June 1921, assumed leadership of the Communist Party: | ||
| Kosta Novaković Triša Kaclerović Moša Pijade |
August 1921 - July 1922 | Alternative Central Party Leadership |
| A split in the leadership led to the formation of the Executive Committee of the Communist Party in Emigration in opposition to the leadership: | ||
| Sima Marković | September 1921 - July 1922 | Executive Committee of the Communist Party in Emigration |
| The factions were reunited at the First State Conference held at Vienna, in July 1922. | ||
| Sima Marković | July 1922 - May 1923 | secretary |
| Triša Kaclerović | May 1923 - May 1926 | secretary |
| Sima Marković | May 1926- April 1928 | political secretary |
| Radomir Vujović | organizational secretary | |
| 中央委員會在1928年4月為共產國際所廢除，改由暫時領導取代. | ||
| temporary leadership under Đuro Đaković |
April - November 1928 | |
| Jovan Mališić | November 1928 - before 1934 | political secretary |
| Đuro Đaković | November 1928 - 1929 | organizational secretary |
| 從1930年開始到1934年之間，政黨領袖流亡在維也納，與本國沒有聯繫。 | ||
| Milan Gorkić | December 1934 - November 1936 | political secretary |
| Milan Gorkić | November 1936 - 23 October 1937 | general secretary; murdered in Moscow in 1939 |
| 约瑟普·布罗兹·铁托 | November 1936- May 1938 | 組織書記 since December 1936 present in Yugoslavia |
| 铁托掌理的臨時領導團 | May 1938 - March 1939 | |
| 约瑟普·布罗兹·铁托 | March 1939 - 4 May 1980 | 總書記，總統團主席 |
| 姓名 | 任期 | 代表 |
| Branko Mikulić (acting President) |
19 October 1978 - 23 October 1979 | Croatia |
| Stevan Doronjski (acting President until 4 May) |
23 October 1979 - 20 October 1980 | Voivodina |
| Lazar Mojsov | 20 October 1980 - 20 October 1981 | Macedonia |
| Dušan Dragosavac | 20 October 1981 - 29 June 1982 | Croatia |
| Mitja Ribičič | 29 June 1982 - 30 June 1983 | Slovenia |
| Dragoslav Marković | 30 June 1983 - 26 June 1984 | Serbia |
| Ali Shukrija | 26 June 1984 - 25 June 1985 | Kosovo |
| Vidoje Žarković | 25 June 1985 - 26 June 1986 | Montenegro |
| Milanko Renovica | 28 June 1986 - 30 June 1987 | Bosnia-Herzegovina |
| Boško Krunić | 30 June 1987 - 30 June 1988 | Vojvodina |
| Stipe Šuvar | 30 June 1988 - 17 May 1989 | Croatia |
| Milan Pančevski | 17 May 1989 - 30 June 1990 | Macedonia |
- For other leading officials of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, see List of leaders of SFR Yugoslavia.
