古典大学
古典大学是指英国和爱尔兰的成立于中世纪和文艺复兴时期，并持续至今的大学。由于这些国家在17-19世纪之间没有新的大学成立，古典大学也意味着17世纪以前成立的大学。
目录 |
[编辑] 不列颠群岛
不列颠群岛的古典大学如下：
| 年代 | 当时地点 | 现今地点 | 名称Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1096 |  英格兰王国 |
 英国英格兰牛津 |
牛津大学 | Exact date uncertain, teaching existed since 1096 ("There is no clear date of foundation, but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167, when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris."[1]). Teaching suspended in 1209 (due to town execution of two scholars) and 1355 (due to the St. Scholastica riot). All Souls College and University College have repeatedly claimed that they own documents proving that teaching in Oxford started in the year 825, but these documents have never seen the public light (allegedly, John Speed dated his famous 1605 Oxford maps based on these documents). |
| 1209 | 英格兰王国 |
英国英格兰剑桥 |
剑桥大学 | 由1209年因两名学者被杀而导致争吵，并最终离开牛津大学的学者创立。 |
| 1413 |  苏格兰王国 |
英国苏格兰圣安德鲁斯 |
圣安德鲁斯大学 | 基于教宗诏书 |
| 1451 | 苏格兰王国 |
英国苏格兰格拉斯哥 |
格拉斯哥大学 | 基于教宗诏书 |
| 1495 | 苏格兰王国 |
英国苏格兰阿伯丁 |
阿伯丁大学 | 由1495年基于教宗诏书创立的国王学院和1593年创立的马歇尔学院于1860年合并而成。 |
| 1582 | 苏格兰王国 |
英国苏格兰爱丁堡 |
爱丁堡大学 | |
| 1592 |  爱尔兰王国 |
 爱尔兰共和国都柏林. |
都柏林圣三一大学 | 都柏林三一学院[2][3][4] 是the only constituent college of the university. |
“牛桥”（Oxbridge）是英格兰最古老的两所大学——牛津（Oxford）和剑桥（Cambridge）的合成词。
[编辑] Anomalies
[编辑] 阿伯丁大学
阿伯丁大学is considered an ancient university and was formed by a union, in 1860, of King's College (formally the University and King's College of Aberdeen), founded in 1495, and Marischal College (formally Marischal College and University of Aberdeen), founded in 1593. While both institutions were universities and would be considered ancient in their own right, the Universities (Scotland) Act 1858 provided for an ancient form of governance and that:
the said united University shall take rank among the Universities of Scotland as from the date of erection of King’s College and University, viz., the year one thousand four hundred and ninety-four
阿伯丁 was unusual at the time by having two universities in one city. As 20th century University of Aberdeen prospectuses observed, this was the same number as existed in all of England at the time (being the period from the founding of Marischal College in 1593, to the founding of the first of the nineteenth-century universities discussed above).
[编辑] 邓迪大学
由于邓迪大学过去曾是圣安德鲁大学的一个学院，该校在苏格兰也被视为古典大学
[编辑] Undergraduate Master of Arts degree
The ancient universities are distinctive in offering the Magister Artium/Master of Arts (MA) as an undergraduate academic degree. This is commonly known as the Oxbridge MA, or the Scottish MA.
The ancient MA has some differences between the ancient universities in Scotland and the ancient universities in England and Ireland. The former award the degree at graduation with honours and a final mark, however the latter is awarded without honours and on the basis of a period of good standing as a graduated Bachelor of Arts, usually around three years.
Because MA is in use for the undergraduate Arts degree, the ancient universities award differing titles for their postgraduate masters degrees in the Arts and Humanities such as the taught Master of Letters ("MLitt (T)"). Some confusion can arise between whether such degrees are taught degrees or the most established (and advanced) two year research degrees, although this is often specified.
[编辑] Universities (Scotland) Acts
苏格兰古典大学拥有一些不同的特点
此后直到19世纪，英国才陆续兴建一批新的大学。
