各国核能利用情况
维基百科,自由的百科全书
全世界已有30个国家拥有核电站。在这些国家中,有26个国家有建造更多其他核电站的计划,而有4个国家决定不再建造核电站。另外,有15个暂未拥有核电站的国家正在准备建造属于这些国家的核电站[2]。
目录 |
概述 [编辑]
全世界已有30个国家拥有核电站。法国已将核能作为该国主要能源。一些在利用核能方面发展较晚的国家也陆续准备展开各自建造核电站的计划。这些国家包括OECD的成员,其中发达国家成员有波兰等,而发展中国家则有孟加拉国及越南。中国与印度都已开始了各自大规模的建设核电站的计划[3]。
| 国家或地区 | 百万瓦特容量 | 核电占该国 总发电量的百分数 |
|---|---|---|
| 935 | 7.0% | |
| 376 | 45.0% | |
| 5,943 | 51.7% | |
| 1,901 | 3.0% | |
| 1,906 | 35.9% | |
| 12,679 | 14.8% | |
| 12,570[4] | 1.9% | |
| 3,686 | 33.8% | |
| 2,721 | 32.9% | |
| 63,236 | 75.2% | |
| 20,339 | 26.1% | |
| 1,880 | 43.0% | |
| 4,780 | 2.2% | |
| 47,348 | 28.9% | |
| 17,716 | 34.8% | |
| 1,310 | 4.8% | |
| 485 | 3.7% | |
| 400 | 2.7% | |
| 1,310 | 20.6% | |
| 23,084 | 17.8% | |
| 1,760 | 53.5% | |
| 696 | 37.9% + 8.0% | |
| 1,800 | 4.8% | |
| 7448 | 17.5% | |
| 9,399 | 37.4% | |
| 3,252 | 39.5% | |
| 4,927 | 20.7% | |
| 13,168 | 48.6% | |
| 10,962 | 17.9% | |
| 101,229 | 20.2% | |
| 全球 | 376,313 | 14% |
各国核反应堆一览 [编辑]
下表录入了各个国家及地区所拥有的核反应堆(仅包括已在国际原子能机构注册过的)。未被本表录入的国家皆为暂未拥有核反应堆且没有建造反应堆的计划的国家。研究用核反应堆也未在本表中列出。
| 国家或地区 | 运营中 | 在建 | 筹建 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 1~ | 阿尔及利亚计划于2020年将其首座核电站投入运营,并计划在2020年后每五年新建一座核电站。[5] | |
| 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 1 | 0 | 1 | [6] | |
| 0 | 0 | 2 | [7] | |
| 0 | 0 | 2 | ||
| 7 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 2 | 1 | 0 | [8] | |
| 2 | 0 | 1[9] | 在2004至2007年间关停了4个反应堆。2012年3月,保加利亚官方终止了贝乐那核电站(Belene Nuclear Power Plant)的建设。[10] | |
| 17 | 3 | 2 | ||
| 15 | 25 | 51 | 于2020核电装机总量达到6000-7000万千瓦(占国内发电总量约5%)[11] | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 此反应堆位于斯洛文尼亚,但有50%由克罗地亚拥有 | |
| 6 | 0 | 2 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 1 | As of 2012, after years of stop-start efforts, Egypt’s nuclear-energy ambitions are once again in flux. The El Dabaa plant has been targeted by protesters and as a result the site has been shut down.[12] | |
| 4 | 1 | 0 | As of 2012, TVO is planning new reactor to be build and operational by 2020.[13] | |
| 58 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 9 | 0 | 0 | Phase-out in place. | |
| 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 20 | 7 | 18 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 2 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 1 | 0 | 2 | The first reactor of Bushehr Plant has power generation capacity of 915 MW[14] | |
| 0 (55)* | 0 (3)* | 0 (10)* | As of 2012 Japan turned off all of the nuclear reactors(no electric produced, reactors slowly going to no work mode). Remaining reactors probably won't be turned on, because of the revisions after Fukushima fault. Japan is also planning to phase-out nuclear power by 2030's.[15][16] However Japan announced that the construction of seven new reactors would not be halted, giving doubts if Japan's plan will push through although exemptions may allow these reactors to operate beyond 2040.[17] | |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | [18] | |
| 0 | 0 | 2 | [19][20][21] | |
| 23 | 4 | 5 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 1 | Visaginas Nuclear Power Plant Project[22] | |
| 0 | 0 | 2 | [23] | |
| 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 1 | [24][25] | |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | [26] | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | Qatar is planning its nuclear power program which was so far deemed economically viable by a feasibility study.[27] | |
| 3 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 6 | ||
| 2 | 0 | 2 | ||
| 33 | 10 | 17 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 16 | Saudi plans to build up to 16 reactors by 2030.[28] | |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 2 | 0 | 6 | [29][30] | |
| 8 | 0 | 0 | Stable[31] | |
| 10 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 5 | 0 | 0 | Phase-out in place.[32] | |
| 0 | 0 | 4 | [33] | |
| 6 | 2 | 1 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | As of 2012, the Thai Energy Ministry was drafting a plan that could see a nuclear facility go into operation in 2026.[34] | |
| 0 | 0 | 4 | To be built by Japan, Russia and South-Korea[35][36][37] | |
| 15 | 0 | 2 | 2 new reactors by 2030[38][39] | |
| 0 | 1 | 3 | To be built by 2017 by S. Korean consortium?[40] | |
| 16 | 0 | 4 | ||
| 104 | 1 | 11 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 4 | ||
| 全球总计 | 433 | 65 | 158 |
参考资料:[1]
参考资料 [编辑]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 World Nuclear Power Reactors & Uranium Requirements. World Nuclear Association. 2010-10-01 [2010-10-23].
- ^ James Kanter. Switzerland Decides on Nuclear Phase-Out. New York Times. May 25, 2011.
- ^ Michael Dittmar. Taking stock of nuclear renaissance that never was Sydney Morning Herald, August 18, 2010.
- ^ 中国国家电监会:中国已有7个核电站投入运营.
- ^ http://www.icafrica.org/en/news/infrastructure-news/article/nuclear-power-station-for-algeria-in-2020-1795/
- ^ USA supports new nuclear build in Armenia. World Nuclear News. 2007-11-23 [2007-11-25].
- ^ Bangladesh signs up for nuclear power. 2011-05-16 [2011-07-26].
- ^ Agência Estado. Lobão diz que país fará uma usina nuclear por ano em 50 anos. G1.globo.com. 12-09-2008 [2008-10-15] (Portuguese).
- ^ Bulgaria quits Belene Nuclear Power Plant project, Novinite, 28 March 2012
- ^ Bulgaria quits Belene Nuclear Power Plant project, Novinite, 28 March 2012
- ^ Nuclear Power in China. World Nuclear Association. 2008.September [2008-09-22].
- ^ Sharon Weinberger. Radioactive material stolen in Egypt. Nature. 20 January 2012.
- ^ Kolme uutta reaktoria, Jees!. Tekniikka ja talous. 2009-10-15 [2009-12-03].
- ^ http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90777/7807636.html
- ^ http://news.yahoo.com/japan-nuclear-free-first-time-since-1970-103954273.html
- ^ http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/reports-japan-plans-for-nuclear-phaseout-by-2030s/2012/09/12/02c7f866-fd3c-11e1-8adc-499661afe377_story.html
- ^ http://www.bellona.org/articles/articles_2012/japan_nuke_phaseout_questionable
- ^ http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-09-20/kenya-aims-to-build-a-nuclear-power-plant-by-2017-minister-nyoike-says.html
- ^ http://centralasiaonline.com/en_GB/articles/caii/features/main/2011/05/13/feature-01
- ^ http://www.kazakhembus.com/in_the_news/kazakhstan-to-decide-on-nuclear-power-plant-in-2012
- ^ http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NP-Kazakhstan_reaffirms_nuclear_power_commitment-1503127.html
- ^ Visaginas Nuclear Power Plant Project
- ^ http://www.asehtours.com/Borneo-Malaysia-Sabah-Sarawak-Brunei-Kalimantan-News/Blog/Entries/2011/3/18_Malaysia_To_Proceed_With_Nuclear_Power_Plants.html
- ^ http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE80G00B20120117
- ^ http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-07-18/niger-plans-west-african-nuclear-power-plant-president-says.html
- ^ http://www.totaleducation.com.ng/index.php/research/1180-nigeria-to-build-n700b-nuclear-power-plant
- ^ http://nucpros.com/content/qatar%E2%80%99s-n-power-plan-%E2%80%98economically-feasible%E2%80%99
- ^ http://www.ameinfo.com/gulf-region-course-six-nuclear-reactors-306899
- ^ http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/23/safrica-nuclear-idUSL5E8FNAYO20120423
- ^ http://mg.co.za/article/2012-03-16-nukeonomics-101
- ^ 核能利用情况 Spain, World Nuclear Association, URL accessed 13 June 2006
- ^ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/28/swiss-nuclear-power-plan_n_986080.html
- ^ http://www.yookos.com/docs/DOC-18291
- ^ John Ruwitch. Analysis: Southeast Asia goes slow on nuclear. Reuters. Feb 2, 2012.
- ^ Turkey, South Korea eye more business. Hürriyet Daily News. 2010-04-12 [2010-04-16].
- ^ Turkey, Japan could reach deal on nuclear plant, minister says. Hürriyet Daily News. 2011-02-09 [2011-03-03].
- ^ http://www.greenprophet.com/2012/07/plans-for-turkeys-first-nuclear-power-plant-revealed/
- ^ BBC NEWS | Politics | New nuclear plants get go-ahead. News.bbc.co.uk. Last Updated: [2008-10-15].
- ^ 核能利用情况 Ukraine. World Nuclear Association. 2008.August [2008-09-22].
- ^ Saudi readies nuclear energy agreement with France. Af.reuters.com. 2010-07-05 [2011-03-13].
外部链接 [编辑]
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