地域大国

地域大國或稱區域強權，指的是在國際關係中，一個在某個地理區域內擁有較大影響力的國家。^[1] ^[2] 這些國家被認為是控制某個地區安全性的關鍵國家，^[3] 它們所掌握的影響力與實力能夠讓它們成為一地區性霸主。

特性 [编辑]

地域大國通常在某個地區具有影響力，但是通常情況下，它們的影響力還不足以影響整個世界。關於地域大國的定義目前還有一定的爭議，根據歐洲政治研究協會的定義，“地域大國是某個地理區域內在經濟上、軍事上處於主導地位，擁有控制該地區能力并在世界範圍內具有一定影響力的國家。它們運用自己的實力使自己成為，或強迫該地區其他國家承認自己是該地區的領導人。”^[1]

而德國全球和區域研究所（German Institute of Global and Area Studies）則認為地域大國必須具有以下特點：

與該地區具有地緣性的聯繫；
符合一個地域大國的形象；
能夠在該地區實際思想上的影響力；
在人口、經濟、軍事、政治和意識形態上具有領先地位；
很高地融入該區域；
對地區性安全具有較高的掌控力；
能夠得到該地區其他國家，尤其是其他地域大國的接受和讚揚；
能夠很好地溝通地域和全球。^[2]

一些國家既可以是大國，也可以是地域大國；同樣的，一些國家也可以既是中等強國，又是地域大國。

目前的地域大國 [编辑]

以下國家是目前已經被大多數國際關係學和政治學學者、分析師或專家所認可的地域大國。這些國家在一定程度上滿足上述地域大國的標準，但是對於究竟是不是地域大國，不同的學者會有不同的意見。

西亞地區 [编辑]

北美地區 [编辑]

美国^[44]^[45]

大洋洲地區 [编辑]

澳大利亚^[46]^[47]

南亞地區 [编辑]

印度^[3]^[34]^[48]^[49]^[50]

東南亞地區 [编辑]

印尼^[18]^[51]

泰国^[51]

北非地區 [编辑]

埃及^a^[2]^[3]^[52]^[53]

撒哈拉以南非洲地區 [编辑]

奈及利亞^[1]^[54]
南非^[1]^[3]^[18]^[55]

參見 [编辑]

20國集團

腳註 [编辑]

^a 累范特地區的區域大國

^b 波斯灣地區的區域大國

參考文獻 [编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 www.essex.ac.uk
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 www.giga-hamburg.de
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 Buzan, Barry. The United States and the Great Powers. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Polity Press. 2004: 71. ISBN 0745633757.
^ Living With The Giants - TIME
^ China: Global/Regional Power
^ CNN In-Depth Specials - Visions of China - Asian Superpower: Regional 'godfather' or local bully?
^ www.abc.net
^ http://www.aseanfocus.com/asiananalysis/article.cfm?articleID=780 www.aseanfocus.com
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 [1]
^ http://www.springerlink.com/content/nrnnj1f163kaxye3/
^ http://www.hudsonny.org/2010/03/the-korean-incident-changing-dynamics-in-asia.php
^ http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/regional-power/
^ http://www.ndu.edu/inss/Press/jfq_pages/editions/i47/19.pdf
^ http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/events/2009/0416_korea/20090416_korea.pdf
^ journals.cambridge.org
^ ^16.0 ^16.1 ^16.2 ^16.3 ^16.4 www.csbaonline.org
^ globalpolicy.org
^ ^18.0 ^18.1 ^18.2 ^18.3 www.aims.ca
^ tspace.library.utoronto.ca
^ jstor.org
^ foreignaffairs.org| Ben W. Heineman, Jr., and Fritz Heimann speak of Italy as a major country or "player" along with Germany, France, Japan, and the United Kingdom, in "The Long War Against Corruption".
^ M. De Leonardis, Il Mediterraneo nella politica estera italiana del secondo dopoguerra, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2003, p. 17
^ carabinieri.it
^ books.google.com
^ http://www.carnegie.ru/en/pubs/media/69778.htm www.carnegie.ru
^ www.cont-ed.cam.ac.uk
^ White, Michael Defence cuts: will the US now give up on us? guardian.co.uk, 19 October 2010
^ www.fntg.org
^ www.blackwell-synergy.com
^ lap.sagepub.com
^ www.brazzilmag.com
^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
^ Oxford Analytica
^ ^34.0 ^34.1 ^34.2 Buzan, Barry; Wæver, Ole. Regions and powers: the structure of international security. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2003: 55. ISBN 0521891116.
^ ^35.0 ^35.1 www.chathamhouse.org.uk
^ www.cia.gov
^ meria.idc.ac.il
^ www.lrb.co.uk
^ www.acronym.org.uk
^ findarticles.com
^ yaleglobal.yale.edu
^ 'The Balkans Opening': The Tadic-Gul meeting at Karlowitz, by Ihsan Bal. October 31, 2009.
^ [2]
^ Analyzing American Power in the Post-Cold War Era. [2007-02-28].
^ www.britannica.com
^ www.routledge.com
^ www.foreignminister.gov.au
^ Perkovich, George. Is India a Major Power? (PDF). The Washington Quarterly. [2007-12-13].
^ Encarta - Great Powers
^ Dilip Mohite. Swords and Ploughshares- India: The Fourth Great Power?. Vol. 7, No. 3. Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security (ACDIS). Spring 1993 [2007-12-13].
^ ^51.0 ^51.1 [3]
^ www.defenselink.mil
^ www.biu.ac.il
^ www.h-net.org
^ www.iss.co.za

[es-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 www.essex.ac.uk

[po-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 www.giga-hamburg.de

[The_United_States_and_the_Great_Powers-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 Buzan, Barry. The United States and the Great Powers. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Polity Press. 2004: 71. ISBN 0745633757.

[4] Living With The Giants - TIME

[5] China: Global/Regional Power

[6] CNN In-Depth Specials - Visions of China - Asian Superpower: Regional 'godfather' or local bully?

[7] www.abc.net

[8] ttp://www.aseanfocus.com/asiananalysis/article.cfm?articleID=780 www.aseanfocus.com

[alla-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 [1]

[10] ttp://www.springerlink.com/content/nrnnj1f163kaxye3/

[11] ttp://www.hudsonny.org/2010/03/the-korean-incident-changing-dynamics-in-asia.php

[12] ttp://www.spiritus-temporis.com/regional-power/

[13] ttp://www.ndu.edu/inss/Press/jfq_pages/editions/i47/19.pdf

[14] ttp://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/events/2009/0416_korea/20090416_korea.pdf

[15] urnals.cambridge.org

[cbs-16] 16.0 ^16.1 ^16.2 ^16.3 ^16.4 www.csbaonline.org

[17] y.org

[ai-18] 18.0 ^18.1 ^18.2 ^18.3 www.aims.ca

[19] tspace.library.utoronto.ca

[20] stor.org

[21] reignaffairs.org| Ben W. Heineman, Jr., and Fritz Heimann speak of Italy as a major country or "player" along with Germany, France, Japan, and the United Kingdom, in "The Long War Against Corruption".

[22] M. De Leonardis, Il Mediterraneo nella politica estera italiana del secondo dopoguerra, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2003, p. 17

[23] rabinieri.it

[24] s.google.com

[25] ttp://www.carnegie.ru/en/pubs/media/69778.htm www.carnegie.ru

[26] www.cont-ed.cam.ac.uk

[27] White, Michael Defence cuts: will the US now give up on us? guardian.co.uk, 19 October 2010

[28] www.fntg.org

[29] www.blackwell-synergy.com

[30] .sagepub.com

[31] www.brazzilmag.com

[32] Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan

[33] Oxford Analytica

[Regions_and_powers-34] 34.0 ^34.1 ^34.2 Buzan, Barry; Wæver, Ole. Regions and powers: the structure of international security. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2003: 55. ISBN 0521891116.

[autogenerated2-35] 35.0 ^35.1 www.chathamhouse.org.uk

[36] www.cia.gov

[37] ria.idc.ac.il

[38] www.lrb.co.uk

[39] www.acronym.org.uk

[40] rticles.com

[41] yaleglobal.yale.edu

[42] 'The Balkans Opening': The Tadic-Gul meeting at Karlowitz, by Ihsan Bal. October 31, 2009.

[43] [2]

[Paper_for_presentation_at_the_biennial_meetings_of_the_South_African_Political_Studies_Association_Saldanha.2C_Western_Cape_29_June-2_July_1999-44] Analyzing American Power in the Post-Cold War Era. [2007-02-28].

[45] www.britannica.com

[46] www.routledge.com

[47] www.foreignminister.gov.au

[48] Perkovich, George. Is India a Major Power? (PDF). The Washington Quarterly. [2007-12-13].

[Encarta-49] Encarta - Great Powers

[50] Dilip Mohite. Swords and Ploughshares- India: The Fourth Great Power?. Vol. 7, No. 3. Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security (ACDIS). Spring 1993 [2007-12-13].

[ref-51] 51.0 ^51.1 [3]

[52] www.defenselink.mil

[53] www.biu.ac.il

[54] www.h-net.org

[55] www.iss.co.za

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地域大国

目录

特性 [编辑]

目前的地域大國 [编辑]

東亞地區 [编辑]

歐洲地區 [编辑]

拉丁美洲地區 [编辑]