失讀症
维基百科，自由的百科全书
失读症或诵读障碍是一种疾病。有失读症的人，智力同一般人并无差别，但阅读能力和写作能力却与常人有较大差距。当一个人的阅读困难无法通过智力缺陷、不当教育或视觉障碍等感知问题所解释的时候，通常就会被诊断为失读症。由于阅读是一个非常复杂的思维过程，失读症的形成有很多可能的原因。神经生理学的观点认为，可以通过尸体解剖中的大脑形态学观察判断失读症。失读症通常与发音困难相关。
這種閱讀困難可能有人是來自基因上先天的問題，也有人是來自後來環境的影響，普遍認為嚴重的失讀症通常可以找到基因上的根源。
目录 |
[编辑] 各種變異及相關的異常
[编辑] 統計數據
5-15% 的人被診斷有程度不一的失讀症。但依據語言的不同及定義的不同，這個數據會有一定程度的差異。
[编辑] 有失讀症的名人
- Main article: List of people with dyslexia
历史上，很多声名显赫的学者都不同程度的受到失读症的影响。被认为受到失读症折磨的学者包括：阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦、爱迪生、Alexander Graham Bell、Michael Faraday、迪士尼等。
- Ann Bancroft
- 理查德·布兰森 (维珍集团)
- 汤姆·克鲁斯
- Henry Ford
- Noel Gallagher
- Whoopi Goldberg
- 安东尼·霍普金斯
- 英瓦尔·坎普拉德（Ingvar Kamprad） (宜家（IKEA）)
- John F. Kennedy
- Jay Leno
- 乔治·巴顿将军
- Charles Schwab
- Gwen Stefani
- Quentin Tarantino
- Ted Turner (AOL Time Warner)
- 乔治·华盛顿
- Henry Winkler
[编辑] Readings
- de Lacoste-Utamsing, C., and Holloway, R., Sexual Dimorphism in the Human Corpus Callosum, Science, Vol 216, 1982.
- Dennis, M., Impaired Sensory and Motor Differentiation with CC Agenesis: A Lack of Callosal Inhibition during Ontogeny? Neuropsychologia, vol 14 p. 455-469, 1976.
- Duffy, F., Denkla, M., Bartels, P., and Sandini, G., Dyslexia: Regional Differences in Brain Electrical Activity by Topographic Mapping, Annals of Neurology, vol 7 #5, 1980
- Ettlinger, G., Blakemore, C. B., Milner, A. D., and Milner J., Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum: A behavioral Investigation, Brain, vol 75, 1972.
- Ferriss, G. S., and Dorsen, M., Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum: Neuropsychological Studies, Cortex, vol2, #2, 1975.
- Gazzaniga, M. S., Cognitive and Neurologic Aspects of Hemispheric Disconnection in the Human Brain, Discussions in Neurosciences, vol 4, #4, FESN, 1978.
- Gazzaniga, M., Consistency and Diversity in Brain Organization, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol 299, Ps 415-424, 1977.
- Gladstone, M., and Best, C. T., Developmental Dyslexia: The Potential Role of Interhemispheric Collaboration in Reading Acquisition, Hemispheric Function and Collaboration in the Child, Ed., Catherine Best, Academic Press 1983.
- Gross, K., Rothenberg, S., Schottenfield, S., and Drake, C., Duration Thresholds for Letter Identification in Left and Right Visual Fields for Normal and Reading-Disabled Children, Neuropsvchologia, vol 6, 1978.
- Gross-Glenn, K., and Rothenberg, S., Evidence for Deficit in Interhemispheric Transfer of Information in Dyslexic Boys, International Journal of Neuroscience, vol 24, 1984.
- Haggerty, R., and Stamm, J. S., Dichotic Auditory Fusion Levels in Children with Learning-Disabilities, Neuropsychologia, vol 16, 3, 1978.
- Harris, A. J., Lateral Dominance and Reading Disability, Journal of Learning Disabilities, vol 12, #5 1979.
- Horowitz, B., Rumsey, J.M. and Donohue, B.C., Functional Connectivity of the Angular Gyrus in Normal Reading and Dyslexia, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol 95, July 21, 1998
- Hynd, G.W. et al., Dyslexia and Corpus Callosum Morphology, Archives of Neurology, vol 52, Jan., 1995
