度量衡
维基百科,自由的百科全书
度量衡傳統上是计量长度、体积、轻重的标准的统称。度是计量长短,量是計量對某物質的容量,衡是计量轻重。現代對度量衡的廣泛定義為任何表示物理量(如溫度、時間)的公制單位。
目录 |
[编辑] 古中國歷代度量衡制演變簡表
在香港,雖然政府曾大力推廣十進制,但1担=100司馬斤、1斤(和清朝官府庫平制不太一樣,司馬斤相等於 604.79克,庫平制1斤相等於 596.82克)=16兩、1兩=10錢、1錢=10分」等換算仍被廣泛用於糧食和貴金屬買賣中至今。
[编辑] 度
| 時代 | 單位換算 | 公制換算(厘米cm) |
|---|---|---|
| 商 | 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1尺 = 15.8, 1寸 = 1.58 |
| 戰國 | 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1丈 = 231, 1尺 = 23.1, 1寸 =2.31, 1分 = 0.231 |
| 秦 | 1引 = 10丈, 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1引 = 2310, 1丈 = 231, 1尺 = 23.1, 1寸 = 2.31, 1分 = 0.231 |
| 漢 | 1引 = 10丈, 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1引 = 2310, 1丈 = 231, 1尺 = 23.1, 1寸 = 2.31, 1分 = 0.231 |
| 三國 | 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1丈 = 242, 1尺 = 24.2, 1寸 = 2.42, 1分 = 0.242 |
| 西晉 | 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1丈 = 242, 1尺 = 24.2, 1寸 = 2.42, 1分 = 0.242 |
| 東晉及十六國 | 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1丈 = 245, 1尺 = 24.5, 1寸 = 2.45, 1分 = 0.245 |
| 南朝與北朝 | 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 南朝?: 1丈 = 245, 1尺 = 24.5, 1寸 = 2.45, 1分 = 0.245
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| 隋 | 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1丈 = 296, 1尺 = 29.6, 1寸 = 2.96, 1分 = 0.296 |
| 唐 | 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 小尺: 1丈 = 300, 1尺 = 30, 1寸 = 3, 1分 = 0.3
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| 宋元 | 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1丈 = 312, 1尺 = 31.2, 1寸 = 3.12, 1分 = 0.312 |
| 明 | 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 裁衣尺: 1尺 = 34, 1寸 = 3.4 量地尺: 1尺 = 32.7, 1寸 = 3.27 营造尺: 1尺 = 32, 1寸 = 3.2 |
| 清 | 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 裁衣尺: 1丈 = 355, 1尺 = 35.5, 1寸 = 3.55 量地尺: 1丈 = 345, 1尺 = 34.5, 1寸 = 3.45 营造尺: 1丈 = 320, 1尺 = 32, 1寸 = 3.2 |
[编辑] 量
| 時代 | 單位換算 | 公制換算(毫升mL) |
|---|---|---|
| 戰國 | 齊:1鐘 = 10釜, 1釜 = 4區, 1區 = 4豆, 1豆 = 4升 楚:1筲 = 5升 秦:1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升 三晉(韓、趙、魏):1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升 |
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| 秦 | 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升 | 1斛 = 20000, 1斗 = 2000, 1升 = 200 |
| 漢 | 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合, 1合 = 2龠, 1龠 = 5撮, 1撮 = 4圭 | 1斛 = 20000, 1斗 = 2000, 1升 = 200, 1合 = 20, 1龠 = 10, 1撮 = 2, 1圭 = 0.5 |
| 三國和兩晉 | 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 | 1斛 = 20450, 1斗 = 2045, 1升 = 204.5, 1合 = 20.45 |
| 南北朝 | 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 | 1斛 = 30000, 1斗 = 3000, 1升 = 300, 1合 = 30 |
| 隋 | 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 | 開皇: 1斛 = 60000, 1斗 = 6000, 1升 = 600, 1合 = 60 大業: 1斛 = 20000, 1斗 = 2000, 1升 = 200, 1合 = 20 |
| 唐 | 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 | 大: 1斛 = 60000, 1斗 = 6000, 1升 = 600, 1合 = 60 小: 1斛 = 20000, 1斗 = 2000, 1升 = 200, 1合 = 20 |
| 宋 | 1石 = 2斛,1斛 = 5斗, 1斗 = 10升 1升 = 10合 | 1石 = 67000,1斛 = 33500, 1斗 = 6700, 1升 = 670,1合 = 67 |
| 元 | 1石 = 2斛,1斛 = 5斗, 1斗 = 10升 1升 = 10合 | 1石 = 95000,1斛 = 47500, 1斗 = 9500, 1升 = 950,1合 = 95 |
| 明 | 1石 = 2斛,1斛 = 5斗, 1斗 = 10升 1升 = 10合 | 1石 = 100000,1斛 = 50000, 1斗 = 10000, 1升 = 1000,1合 = 100 |
| 清 | 1石 = 2斛,1斛 = 5斗, 1斗 = 10升 1升 = 10合 | 1石 = 100000,1斛 = 50000, 1斗 = 10000, 1升 = 1000,1合 = 100 |
[编辑] 衡
| 時代 | 單位換算 | 公制換算(公克g) |
|---|---|---|
| 戰國 | 楚: 1斤 ="16両," 1両 ="24銖 趙:1石 = 120斤, 1斤 = 16両, 1両 = 24銖 魏: 1鎰 = 10釿, 1釿 = 20両 秦: 1石 = 4鈞, 1鈞 = 30斤, 1斤 = 16両, 1両 = 24銖 |
1斤 ="250," 1両 ="15.6," 1銖 ="0.65 1石 = 30000, 1斤 = 250, 1両 = 15.6, 1銖 = 0.65 1鎰 = 315, 1釿 = 31.5 1石 = 30360, 1鈞 = 7590, 1斤 = 253, 1両 = 15.8, 1銖 = 0.69 |
| 秦 | 1石 = 4鈞, 1鈞 = 30斤, 1斤 = 16両, 1両 = 24銖 | 1石 = 30360, 1鈞 = 7590, 1斤 = 253, 1両 = 15.8, 1銖 = 0.66 |
| 漢 | 1石 = 4鈞, 1鈞 = 30斤, 1斤 = 16両, 1両 = 24銖 | 西漢?: 1石 = 29760, 1鈞 = 7440, 1斤 = 248, 1両 = 15.5, 1銖 = 0.65 東漢?: 1石 = 26400, 1鈞 = 6600, 1斤 = 220, 1両 = 13.8, 1銖 = 0.57 |
| 三國 | 1石 = 4鈞, 1鈞 = 30斤, 1斤 = 16両, 1両 = 24銖 | 1石 = 26400, 1鈞 = 6600, 1斤 = 220, 1両 = 13.8, 1銖 = 0.57 |
| 兩晉 | 1石 = 4鈞, 1鈞 = 30斤, 1斤 = 16両, 1両 = 24銖 | 1石 = 26400, 1鈞 = 6600, 1斤 = 220, 1両 = 13.8, 1銖 = 0.57 |
| 南北朝 | 1石 = 4鈞, 1鈞 = 30斤, 1斤 = 16両, 1両 = 24銖 | 南齊: 1斤 = 330,梁、陳: 1斤 = 220; 北魏、北齊: 1斤 = 440,北周: 1斤 = 660 |
| 隋 | 1石 = 4鈞, 1鈞 = 30斤, 1斤 = 16両, 1両 = 24銖 | 大: 1石 = 79320, 1鈞 = 19830, 1斤 = 661, 1両 = 41.3 小: 1石 = 26400, 1鈞 = 6600, 1斤 = 220, 1両 = 13.8 |
| 唐 | 1石 = 4鈞, 1鈞 = 30斤, 1斤 = 16両, 1両 = 10錢, 1錢 = 10分 | 1石 = 79320, 1斤 = 661, 1両 = 41.3, 1錢 = 4.13, 1分 = 0.41 |
| 宋 | 1石 = 120斤, 1斤 = 16両, 1両 = 10錢, 1錢 = 10分 | 1石 = 75960, 1斤 = 633, 1両 = 40, 1錢 = 4, 1分 = 0.4 |
| 元 | 1石 = 120斤, 1斤 = 16両, 1両 = 10錢, 1錢 = 10分 | 1石 = 75960, 1斤 = 633, 1両 = 40, 1錢 = 4, 1分 = 0.4 |
| 明 | 1石 = 120斤, 1斤 = 16両, 1両 = 10錢, 1錢 = 10分 | 1石 = 70800, 1斤 = 590, 1両 = 36.9, 1錢 = 3.69, 1分 = 0.37 |
| 清 | 1石 = 120斤, 1斤 = 16両, 1両 = 10錢, 1錢 = 10分 | 1石 = 70800, 1斤 = 590, 1両 = 36.9, 1錢 = 3.69, 1分 = 0.37 |
[编辑] 現代度量衡制度
[编辑] 參見
[编辑] 參考來源
央視國際 2004年07月22日 17:11
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