弗朗克·韦尔切克

弗朗克·韦尔切克

諾貝爾物理學獎（2004年）

弗朗克·韦尔切克（Frank Wilczek　1951年5月15日－），犹太裔美国理论物理学家，現任麻省理工学院物理系教授。西屋科学奖获得者，大学毕业于芝加哥大学。在普林斯顿大学读博士期间，他和他的导师戴维·格娄斯发现了量子色动力学中的渐进自由，他们因此获得了2004年诺贝尔物理学奖。他在粒子物理和凝聚态物理都有所建树。

生平

弗朗克·韦尔切克

韦尔切克出生于纽约州米里奥拉，他的祖先来自波兰和意大利。他在昆斯區上中小学。1970年他在芝加哥大学获得数学学士学位。1972年他在普林斯顿大学获得数学硕士学位，1974年物理学博士学位。他在麻省理工学院理论物理学中心任教授。此前他曾经在普林斯顿高等研究院和卡维利理论物理研究所工作过。

1973年7月3日韦尔切克结婚，两人有两个孩子。

研究

1973年韦尔切克在普林斯顿大学作为戴维·格娄斯的博士生时发现了渐进自由，即夸克之间的距离越近，其强相互作用越弱，假如两个夸克之间的距离极其近的话，那么它们之间的核力是如此之弱，以至于它们可以被看作是自由粒子。这个理论（休·波利策与韦尔切克独立地发现了这个理论）对于量子色动力学的发展是极其重要的。

韦尔切克参与了轴子、任意子、渐进自由、夸克物质的色超导性和量子场论的其它理论的发展。他的工作范围异常广泛，包括了凝聚态理论、天体物理学和粒子物理学。

他目前的研究内容包括：

• “纯”粒子物理学：理论与可观察的现象之间的联系
• 物质的特性：极高温度、密度和相态结构
• 粒子物理学在宇宙学中的应用
• 场论技术在凝聚态理论中的应用
• 黑洞的量子场论。

著作

• 2008. The Lightness of Being: Mass, Ether, and the Unification of Forces. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-00321-1.
• 2007. La musica del vuoto. Roma: Di Renzo Editore.
• 2006. Fantastic Realities: 49 Mind Journeys And a Trip to Stockholm. World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-256-655-3.
• 2002, "On the world's numerical recipe (an ode to physics)," Daedalus 131(1): 142-47.
• 1989 (with Betsy Devine). Longing for the Harmonies: Themes and Variations from Modern Physics. W W Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-30596-8.

• 1988. Geometric Phases in Physics.
• 1990. Fractional Statistics and Anyon Superconductivity.

• Wilczek, F.; Gross, D.J. Asymptotically Free Gauge Theories. I. Physical Review D. 1973, 8 (10): 3633. Bibcode:1973PhRvD...8.3633G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.8.3633. OSTI 4312175. 
• Wilczek, F.; Gross, D.J. Ultraviolet Behavior of non-Abelian Gauge Theories. Physical Review Letters. 1973, 30 (26): 1343. Bibcode:1973PhRvL..30.1343G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.30.1343. 
• Wilczek, F., Zee, A. & S. B. Treiman. Scaling Deviations for Neutrino Reactions in Aysmptotically Free Field Theories. Joseph Henry Laboratories. 1974. doi:10.2172/4256152. OSTI 4256152 
• Wilczek, F., Zee, A., Kingsley, R. L. & S. B. Treiman. Weak Interaction Models with New Quarks and Right-handed Currents. Physical Review D. 1975, 12 (9): 2768–2780. Bibcode:1975PhRvD..12.2768W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.12.2768. OSTI 4082874. 
• Wilczek, F. Problem of Strong P and T Invariance in the Presence of Instantons. Physical Review Letters. 1978, 40 (5): 279 . Bibcode:1978PhRvL..40..279W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.40.279. 
• Wilczek, F. Quantum Mechanics of Fractional Spin Particles. Physical Review Letters. 1982, 49 (14): 957. Bibcode:1982PhRvL..49..957W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.957. 
• Wilczek, F. & M. S. Turner. Inflationary Axion Cosmology. Physical Review Letters. 1990, 66 (1): 5–8. Bibcode:1991PhRvL..66....5T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.66.5. OSTI 6099352. 
• Wilczek, F.; Alford, M.G.; Rajagopal, K. QCD at finite baryon density: Nucleon droplets and color superconductivity. Physics Letters B. 1998, 422 (422): 247–256. arXiv:hep-ph/9711395. Bibcode:1998PhLB..422..247A. doi:10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00051-3. 
• Wilczek, F. Riemann-Einstein structure from volume and gauge symmetry. Physical Review Letters. 1998, 80 (22): 4851–4854. arXiv:hep-th/9801184. Bibcode:1998PhRvL..80.4851W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.4851. 
• Wilczek, F.; Fradkin, E.H.; Nayak, C,; Tsvelik, A. A Chern-Simons effective field theory for the Pfaffian quantum Hall state. Nuclear Physics B. 1998, 516 (3): 704–718. arXiv:cond-mat/9711087. Bibcode:1998NuPhB.516..704F. doi:10.1016/S0550-3213(98)00111-4. 
• Wilczek, F.; Alford, M.G.; Rajagopal, K. Color-flavor locking and chiral symmetry breaking in high density QCD. Nuclear Physics B. 1999, 537: 443–458. arXiv:hep-ph/9804403. Bibcode:1999NuPhB.537..443A. doi:10.1016/S0550-3213(98)00668-3. 
• Wilczek, F. Quantum field theory. Reviews of Modern Physics. 1999, 71 (71): S85–S95. arXiv:hep-th/9803075. Bibcode:1999RvMPS..71...85W. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.71.S85. 
• Wilczek, F.; T. Schafer and. Continuity of quark and hadron matter. Physical Review Letters. 1999, 82 (82): 3956–3959. arXiv:hep-ph/9811473. Bibcode:1999PhRvL..82.3956S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.3956. 
• Wilczek, F.; Babu, K.S.; Pati, J.C. Fermion masses, neutrino oscillations, and proton decay in the light of SuperKamiokande. Nuclear Physics B. 2000, 566: 33–91. arXiv:hep-ph/9812538. Bibcode:1998hep.ph...12538B. doi:10.1016/S0550-3213(99)00589-1. 

外部链接

• 2004年诺贝尔物理奖介紹─渐近自由
• Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
• Longer biography at Lifeboat Foundation website
• Frank Wilczek explains Einstein's massive contributions to science
• Papers in ArXiv
• Frank Wilczek discusses his book "The Lightness of Being" on the 7th Avenue Project Radio Show
• The World's Numerical Recipe
• Scientific articles by Wilczek in the SLAC database
• Wilczek on anyons and superconductivity
• Blog of the Wilczek family's Nobel adventures
• Freeman Dyson, "Leaping into the Grand Unknown: Review of The Lightness of Being," The New York Review of Books 56(6), April 9, 2009.
• ForaTV: The Large Hadron Collider and Unified Field Theory
• A radio interview with Frank Wilczeck Aired on the Lewis Burke Frumkes Radio Show the 10th of April 2011.
• A television interview with Frank Wilczek from February 2011 for Cambridge University Television