患者保护与平价医疗法案
维基百科,自由的百科全书
| 全稱 | The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act |
|---|---|
| 俗稱 | Affordable Care Act、Health Insurance Reform、Healthcare Reform、Obamacare |
| 制定者 | 第111届美國國會 |
| 生效時間 | 2010年3月23日 |
| 參考文獻 | |
| 公法 | 111–148 |
| 法律彙編 | 124 Stat. 119 through 124 Stat. 1025 (906 pages) |
| 立法歷程 | |
| 主要修正案 | |
| 2010年医保与教育协调法(Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010) Comprehensive 1099 Taxpayer Protection and Repayment of Exchange Subsidy Overpayments Act of 2011 |
|
| 美國聯邦最高法院案例 | |
| 全国独立企业联盟诉西贝利厄斯案 | |
患者保护与平价医疗法案(英语:Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act,简称PPACA)[1][2],又称为奥巴马医改(Obamacare)[3][4],是美国总统贝拉克·奥巴马于2010年3月23日签署的联邦法。PPACA为第111届美国国会关于医疗改革的主要立法。法案要求所有美国公民都必须购买医疗保险,否则将需要缴纳一笔罚款,除非因宗教信仰或经济困难的原因而被豁免。法案还对私人医保行业与公共医保项目进行了改革,将3000万没有医保的美国公民纳入了医保的覆盖范围[5][6],该法案的施行会增加国家医疗开支[7][8],同时减少联邦医保(Medicare)开支。[9]
2009年12月24日,美国参议院以60:39的投票结果通过了PPACA,所有民主党参议员与两位无党派参议员都投票支持了该法案,共和党参议员中除一位外则都投了反对票。[10]2010年3月21日,美国众议院以219:212的结果通过了PPACA,34位民主党众议员与所有178位共和党众议员投了反对票。[11]
PPACA通过后,多数州、一些组织与个人分别向联邦法院起诉,认为PPACA的部分或全部内容违宪。[12]2012年6月28日,联邦最高法院的判决支持了该方案的大部分内容;不过法院也认为,联邦政府以医疗补助(Medicaid)拨款为威胁要求各州扩大医疗补助覆盖面的立法是违宪的。[13][14][15][16]
参见 [编辑]
参考文献 [编辑]
- ^ Elmendorf, Douglas W. Additional Information on the Effect of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on the Hospital Insurance Trust Fund. Congressional Budget Office. January 22, 2010 [2010-03-31]. "This letter responds to questions you posed about the Congressional Budget Office's (CBO's) analysis of the effects of H.R. 3590, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)"
- ^ Template:USPL, 124 Stat. 119, to be codified as amended at scattered sections of the Internal Revenue Code and in 42 U.S.C..
- ^ Wallace, Gregory. 'Obamacare': The word that defined the health care debate. CNN. 25 June 2012 [28 June 2012].
- ^ Cillizza, Chris; Blake, Aaron. President Obama embraces 'Obamacare' label. But why?. The Washington Post. March 26, 2012 [April 1, 2012].
- ^ Review of U.S. Health Care Law from a Human Rights Perspective. Doctors for Global Health. [2012-01-09].
- ^ First Speech to a Joint Session of Congress. February 24, 2009. 已忽略未知参数
|name=(建议使用|author=) (帮助) - ^ Keehan SP, Sisko AM, Truffer CJ, et al.. National health spending projections through 2020: economic recovery and reform drive faster spending growth. Health Aff (Millwood). 2011.August, 30 (8): 1594–605. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0662. PMID 21798885.
- ^ Estimated Financial Effects of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2009. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. December 10, 2009 [April 1, 2012].
- ^ "CBO's 2011 Long-Term Budget Outlook" June 2011. p. 44. Quote: "Through those changes and numerous others, the 2010 legislation significantly decreased Medicare outlays relative to what they would have been under prior law."
- ^ On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 3590 as Amended). U.S. Senate. [2012-01-09].
- ^ Roll Call Vote: On Motion to Concur in Senate Amendments (Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act). Office of the Clerk: House of Representatives. 2010-03-21 [2012-04-09].
- ^ Lambert, Lisa. FACTBOX-Lawsuits challenging U.S. healthcare reform. Reuters. January 28, 2011.
- ^ Denniston, Lyle. Court sets 5 1/2-hour hearing on health care. SCOTUSblog. November 14, 2011.
- ^ Vicini, James. Supreme Court upholds centerpiece of Obama healthcare law. Reuters. 28 June 2012 [28 June 2012].
- ^ Supreme Court's Ruling on the ACA-June 28, 2012
- ^ Health-care law will affect 1M uninsured in Virginia. The Virginia Pilot. hamptonroads.com. retrieved June 28,2012.