戰斧行動（英语：Operation Battleaxe[nb 6]）是英軍在1941年6月第二次世界大戰的北非戰場上所發起的一個攻勢，目標是剷除昔蘭尼加以東的德軍與義大利軍， 另一個重要目的是要解除軸心軍對托布魯克的包圍。 這個作戰進行的並不順利，領頭的英軍攻擊了德軍的埃爾溫·隆美爾上將所構築的堅強陣地，在第一天內即損失了半數戰車，但僅攻下了預計奪取的三個目標地的一個。在隔天雖然取得進展並持續向西挺進，但又遭到德軍的反擊，其快速地攻入英軍的中路。到了第三天英軍面臨被德軍包圍殲滅的危機，趕緊向東撤退。
這場行動的失敗使得英軍中東總司令阿奇博尔德·韦维尔被克劳德·奥金莱克取代了職務。
相關條目 [编辑]
註解 [编辑]
- ^ 其中122人陣亡、588人受傷和259人失蹤[1]
- ^ 其中27輛為巡洋戰車、64輛步兵戰車[1]
- ^ 其中33架戰鬥機和3架轟炸機[1]
- ^ 其中93名德軍陣亡、350人受傷和235人失蹤。義軍則損傷不詳，但英軍聲稱擄獲350名義軍士兵，但因為撤退行動而必須釋放他們[1]
- ^ 其中第5裝甲團損失4輛、第8裝甲團則為8輛[1]
- ^ 原先該行動被命名為「拳師」行動（Operation Bruiser）[2]，在倫敦發來的電報上也是如此記述[3]，而邱吉爾與隆美爾則稱此作戰為「索倫戰役」（The Battle of Sollum）[4][5]
資料來源 [编辑]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Playfair, p. 171
- ^ Gilbert, p. 1097
- ^ Connell, p. 483
- ^ Gilbert, p. 872
- ^ Rommel, p. 146
參考書目 [编辑]
- Bradley, John H.; Dice, Jack W. The Second World War: Europe and the Mediterranean (paperback). West Point Military History Series. Square One Publishers. 2002.November: 448 pages. ISBN 978-0757001604.
- Brown, David (editor). The Royal Navy and the Mediterranean: November 1940-December 1941: Vol 2 (hardback). Whitehall Histories. Frank Cass Publishers. 2001.November: 392 pages. ISBN 978-0714652054.
- Churchill, Winston S.; Gilbert, Martin. The Churchill War Papers. London: W. W. Norton & Company. 1993. ISBN 0393019594.
- Connell, John. Wavell, Scholar and Soldier. Methuen Australia. 1964.
- Delany, John. Fighting the Desert Fox: Rommel's Campaigns in North Africa April 1941 to August 1942. Arms & Armour. 1998.September: 155 pages. ISBN 978-1854094070.
- Editors. Afrikakorps (Third Reich) (hardback). Time-Life Education. 1990.July: 192 pages. ISBN 978-0809469833.
- Gilbert, Martin. The Second World War: A Complete History (hardback). H. Holt. 1989: 846 pages. ISBN 978-0805005349.
- Hall, Timothy. Tobruk 1941, the desert siege. Methuen Australia. ISBN 0-45400-667-5.
- Latimer, Jon. Tobruk 1941: Rommel's Opening Move. Greenwood Press. 2004. ISBN 0-27598-287-4.
- Liddell Hart, Basil H.. The Tanks: The History of the Royal Tank Regiment and its Predecessors, Heavy Branch, Machine-Gun Corps, Tank Corps, and Royal Tank Corps, 1914-1945. London: Cassell. 1959: 553. ISBN 978-0892010790.
- Maule, Henry. Spearhead general: The epic story of General Sir Frank Messervy and his men in Eritrea, North Africa and Burma. London: Odhams. 1961: 384 pages. ASIN: B0000CL859.
- Moorehead, Alan. Desert War: The North African Campaign 1940-1943 (paperback). London: Penguin. 2001.April: 656 pages. ISBN 978-0140275148.
- Pitt, Barrie. Crucible of War: Western Desert 1941 (hardback) New Ed edition. Paragon House. 1989.December: 525 pages. ISBN 978-1557782328.
- Playfair, Major-General I.S.O.; with Flynn R.N., Captain F.C.; Molony, Brigadier C.J.C. & Toomer, Air Vice-Marshal S.E. In Butler, J.R.M. The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume II The Germans come to the help of their Ally (1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Naval & Military Press. 2004 [1st. pub. HMSO 1956]. ISBN 1-84574-066-1.
- Rommel, Erwin; Findlay, Paul (translator); Liddell Hart, Basil (editor). The Rommel Papers (paperback) New edition. Da Capo Press. 1982.March: 545 pages [1953]. ISBN 978-0306801570.
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