旁观者效应
维基百科，自由的百科全书
旁观者效应（Bystander effect）是一个社会心理学术语，在紧急情况下，个体在有人在场时，出手帮助的可能性降低，援助的几率与旁观者人数成反比。换句话说，旁观者数量越多，他们当中任何一人进行援助的可能性越低。[1]
1964年的Kitty Genovese被谋杀案是旁观者效应最著名的事例，也是社会心理学在这一领域进行研究的最初动机。
但時隔43年後，Kitty Genovese案的報導（Kitty Genovese遇害時多達38人袖手旁觀，任兇手三次行兇导致Kitty Genovese死亡）皆疑似為《紐約時報》記者查證不足下的杜撰，與警方資料有甚大的差異。
参见 [编辑]
参考资料 [编辑]
- ^ Aronson, E., Akert, R. D., and Wilson, T. D. (2006). Social psychology (6th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
外部链接 [编辑]
- "Don't Just Stand There - Do Something"，Safety Canada, January 2004.
- The Bystander's Dilemma，Greater Good 3(2), Fall/Winter 2006-2007.
- "I kept saying, 'Help me, help me.' But no one did." by Tara McCartney, The Guardian, August 4, 2005.
- "Act now to defy 'bystander effect'" by Craig Kielburger and Marc Kielburger, Toronto Star, March 29, 2007.
- "Police: Shoppers Stepped Over Victim" by Roxana Hegeman, Associated Press, July 4, 2007. (at SFGate.com)
- "A rape witnessed, a rape ignored" by Mara H. Gottfried, Pioneer Press, August 23, 2007.
- "ABC News: What Would You Do in a Hit and Run?" by Lauren Cox and Radha Chitale, ABC News, June 6, 2008.
- http://www.ombudsassociation.org/publications/journal/ Dealing with—or Reporting—“Unacceptable” Behavior - with additional thoughts about the “Bystander Effect” © 2009 Mary Rowe MIT, Linda Wilcox HMS, Howard Gadlin NIH)
- 旁觀者效應蒸發，還紐約清白－科學人2008年第77期7月號
- http://www.ombudsassociation.org/publications/journal/ Bystander Training within Organizations, Maureen Scully and Mary Rowe, (PDF) The Journal of the International Ombudsman Association 2009, 2,(1)
