日文量詞
维基百科，自由的百科全书
日文量詞是在日語裡所用的量詞。和中文一樣連結著數詞和名詞的語素。日文的量詞最常被使用的為：
傳統量詞表 [编辑]
| 數字 | 日文 | 發音 (羅馬拼音) | 發音 (平假名) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 一つ | hitotsu | ひとつ |
| 2 | 二つ | futatsu | ふたつ |
| 3 | 三つ | mittsu | みっつ |
| 4 | 四つ | yottsu | よっつ |
| 5 | 五つ | itsutsu | いつつ |
| 6 | 六つ | muttsu | むっつ |
| 7 | 七つ | nanatsu | ななつ |
| 8 | 八つ | yattsu | やっつ |
| 9 | 九つ | kokonotsu | ここのつ |
| 10 | 十 | tō | とお |
| 20 | 二十 | hatachi | はたち |
其他量詞表 [编辑]
| 發音 | 日文 | 用法 |
|---|---|---|
| People and Things | ||
| ぶ、bu | 部 | 報紙或形容疊紙 |
| だい、dai | 台 | 車、腳踏車、機械 |
| はい、hai, ぱい、pai, ばい、bai | 杯 | 量杯、飲料、湯匙、海鮮 |
| ひき、hiki, ぴき、piki, びき、biki | 匹 | 小動物如貓狗、魚、蟲或兩棲類等 |
| ほん、hon, ぽん、pon, ぼん、bon | 本 | 長而細的東西如街道、筆、瓶罐。 |
| かい、kai, がい、gai | 階 | 層數 |
| こ、ko | 個, 箇, 个, or ヶ | General measure word, used when there is no specific counter. 個 is also used for military units. |
| まい、mai | 枚 | 細而薄如紙張、照片、衣服 |
| めい、mei | 名 | People (polite) (名 means "name") |
| めん、men | 面 | Mirrors, boards for board games (chess, igo, shogi), stages of computer games, walls of a room, tennis courts |
| にん、nin | 人 | People (but see table of exceptions below) |
| り、ri | り or 人 | People, used in the words 一人 (ひとり) and 二人 (ふたり) |
| さい、sai | 歳 (or 才) | 歲數 |
| さつ、satsu | 冊 | 書本 |
| つ、tsu | つ | General-purpose counter, used as part of the indigenous Japanese numbers 一つ ("one thing"), 二つ ("two things"), 三つ ("three things"), etc. |
| わ、wa | 話 | Stories, episodes of TV series, etc. |
| Time, Calendar, etc. | ||
| びょう、byō | 秒 | 秒 |
| ふん、fun, ぷん、pun | 分 | 分鐘 |
| がつ、gatsu, also つき、tsuki | 月 | 月 |
| はく、haku, ぱく、paku | 泊 | 旅途所停留的夜晚 |
| じ、ji | 時 | 小時 |
| じかん、jikan | 時間 | Hour-long periods |
| か、ka | 日 | 日子 |
| かげつ、kagetsu | ヶ月, 箇月 | Month-long periods (see also: gatsu). 箇 is normally abbreviated using a small katakana ヶ in modern Japanese. Alternatively 個, hiragana か, small katakana ヵ and full-size katakana カ & ケ can also be seen, although only か is similarly frequent. |
| ねん、nen | 年 | Years, school years (grades); not years of age |
| にち、nichi | 日 | Days of the month (but see table of exceptions below) |
| しゅう、shū | 週 | Weeks |
| Extent, Frequency, etc. | ||
| ばい、bai | 倍 | Multiples, -fold as in "twofold" |
| ばん、ban | 番 | Position, turn, sports matches |
| ど、do, also たび、tabi | 度 | Occurrences, number of times, degrees of temperature or angle (see also: kai). |
| じょう、jō | 畳 | Tatami mats. The kanji 畳 is also read tatami and is the same one used for the mats. The room size of a washitsu in Japan is given as a number of mats, for example 4½ jō |
| かい、kai | 回 | Occurrences, number of times (see also: do) |
