李嘉图等价
维基百科，自由的百科全书
李嘉圖等價（Ricardian equivalence）是一種經濟學理論，也稱為巴羅－李嘉圖等價理論（Barro－Ricardo equivalence theorem）[1]。因為征税和发行国债是政府筹措收入的两种主要方式，这两种方式对社会经济将产生何种影响，经济学家们历来对此观点不一争论不休[2][3][4] ，李嘉图认为，这两种做法对经济的影响是等价的，美国经济学家罗伯特·巴罗（Robert Barro）在1974年发表论文《政府债券是净财富吗》进一步阐述了李嘉图的这种观点[5][6]。
虽然李嘉图在《政治经济学及赋税原理》一书中提出了这个后人以他名字命名的论点，但他本人似乎对此也存有疑问，因为他在同一书中又写道举债“这种办法会使我们不知节俭，使我们不明白自己的真实处境”[7]。
參考資料 [编辑]
- ^ Buchanan, James M.. Perceived Wealth in Bonds and Social Security: A Comment. Journal of Political Economy. 1976, 84 (2): 337–342.
- ^ New School Online History of Economic Thought: Section on Ricardian Equivalence
- ^ Clive Crook, Dismal Science, Revisited", The Atlantic Monthly online, 10 Feb 2009 [1] Accessed 25 Apr 2010.
- ^ Elmendorf, DW; Mankiw, NG. Government Debt, NBER Working Paper 6470. NBER Working Papers. 1998 [25 May 2010]. Summarizes much of the debate on Ricardian equivalence. Published as Chap. 25 of Taylor and Woodford, eds., (1999) Handbook of Macroeconomics, vol. 1C. North-Holland, ISBN 0444825282
- ^ Barro, Robert J.. Are Government Bonds Net Wealth?. Journal of Political Economy. 1974, 82 (6): 1095–1117. doi:10.1086/260266.
- ^ Barro, Robert J.. On the Determination of the Public Debt. Journal of Political Economy. 1979, 87 (5): 940–971 [25 May 2010].
- ^ David Ricardo, "Essay on the Funding System" in The Works of David Ricardo. With a Notice of the Life and Writings of the Author, by J.R. McCulloch, London: John Murray, 1888
外部連結 [编辑]
- Does It Matter How You Pay for a State Dinner? A Lesson on Ricardian Equivalence by Morgan Rose, at the Library of Economics and Liberty
- Biography of David Ricardo
- Why a tax cut just isn’t fair on teenagers by Tim Harford, Financial Times
- Romeo, Sampson, "The Effect of Budget Deficits on Long-term Interest Rates", [2]
