毛利语
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| 本条目需要擴充。(2008年2月11日) |
| 毛利语 reo Māori |
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|---|---|---|
| 使用国家及地区 | 新西蘭 | |
| 区域 | 玻里尼西亞 | |
| 使用人數 | 100,000–160,000 (估計) | |
| 語系 | 南島語系 | |
| 官方地位 | ||
| 作为官方语言 | 新西蘭 | |
| 管理机构 | Maori Language Commission | |
| 語言代碼 | ||
| mi | ||
| ISO 639-2 | mao (B) | mri (T) |
| Ethnologue 第14版: |
MBF | |
| ISO 639-3 | mri | |
| 注意:本頁包含 Unicode 的 國際音標。 | ||
毛利語是紐西蘭原住民毛利人的語言、也是紐西蘭的三種官方語言之一,另两种是英语和手语。毛利人從太平洋诸岛來到紐西蘭之後、語音基本上變化很少。基本上各地的人都可以溝通无碍。
目录 |
語音系統 [编辑]
元音 [编辑]
| 前元音 | 央元音 | 後元音 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 閉元音 | i | u [ʉ] | |
| 半開元音 | e [ɛ] | o [ɔ] | |
| 開元音 | a |
輔音 [编辑]
| 双唇音 | 齿龈音 | 软腭音 | 聲門音 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 不送氣塞音 | p | t | k | |
| 清擦音 | wh [f, ɸ] |
h | ||
| 鼻音 | m | n | ng [ŋ] |
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| 闪音 | r [ɾ] |
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| 半元音 | w |
文字 [编辑]
毛利人原来没有文字, 后来英国移民来到, 採用拉丁文字拼写毛利语言、毛利语只有15個字母、分別如下:
當中“R”是顫音、“Wh”基本上發/f/音或/Φ/音、但北部亦有發/h/音或/hw/的。
方言 [编辑]
毛利語亦有地區性的方言,比較普遍的有 Tainui 和 Waikato 方言。
日曆 [编辑]
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參見 [编辑]
參考文獻 [编辑]
- Biggs, Bruce (1994). Does Māori have a closest relative? In Sutton (ed.)(1994), pp. 96–105.
- Biggs, Bruce (1998). Let's Learn Māori. Auckland: Auckland University Press.
- Biggs, Bruce. 1988. Towards the study of Maori dialects. In Ray Harlow and Robin Hooper, eds. VICAL 1: Oceanic languages. Papers from the Fifth International Conference on Austronesian linguistics. Auckland, New Zealand. January 1988, Part I. Auckland: Linguistic Society of New Zealand.
- Bauer, Winifred (1997). Reference Grammar of Māori. Auckland: Reed.
- Bauer, Winifred. 1993. Maori. Routledge. Series: Routledge descriptive grammars.
- Clark, Ross (1994). Moriori and Māori: The Linguistic Evidence. In Sutton (ed.)(1994), pp. 123–135.
- Harlow, Ray. 1996. Maori. LINCOM Europa.
- Harlow, Ray (1994). Māori Dialectology and the Settlement of New Zealand. In Sutton (ed.)(1994), pp. 106–122.
- Sutton, Douglas G. (编). The Origins of the First New Zealanders. Auckland: Auckland University Press. 1994: 269 [2010-06-10]. ISBN 1869400984.
外部連結 [编辑]
- Māori Language Act 1987
- korero.maori.nz Māori language educational resources
- Ethnologue report for Maori
- Māori Language Commission (sets definitive standards).
- English and Māori Word Translator, originally developed at the 奥塔哥大学.
- Ngata Māori–English English–Māori Dictionary from Learning Media; gives several options and shows use in phrases.
- Collection of historic Māori newspapers
- Maori Phonology
- maorilanguage.net Learn the basics of Māori Language with video tutorials
- Microsoft New Zealand Māori Keyboard
- Maori Language Week (NZHistory) - includes a history of the Māori language, the Treaty of Waitangi Māori Language claim and 100 words every New Zealander should know
- Huia Publishers, catalogue includes Tirohia Kimihia the world's first Māori monolingual dictionary for learners
- IMDb website; Māori language films
- Publications about Māori language from Te Puni Kōkiri, the Ministry of Māori Development
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