聖瓦倫丁

羅馬的聖華楞定
羅馬的聖華楞定
	瓦倫丁·麥琴格（Valentin Metzinger）畫的聖瓦倫丁的勝利，約18世紀
司鐸及殉道者
出生	不詳
逝世	傳統約269年
敬礼於	羅馬公教; 正教會; 西儀正教會; 信義宗; 普世聖公宗; 一些新教教會例如浸信會
瞻礼	2月14日（天主教會、信義宗與聖公宗）; 7月30日（正教會）
象徵（英语：Saint symbolism）	鸟、玫瑰、bishop with a crippled or a child with epilepsy at his feet; bishop with a rooster nearby; bishop refusing to adore an idol; bishop being beheaded; priest bearing a sword; priest holding a sun; priest giving sight to a blind girl
主保	已订婚的情侣、抗昏厥、养蜂人、幸福婚姻、爱情、腺鼠疫、癫痫

聖瓦倫丁，天主教會譯為羅馬的聖華楞定（拉丁語：Valentinus）是一位廣受尊崇的三世紀羅馬聖人，紀念日在2月14日，自中世紀中期起便和宮廷愛情有連繫。除了名字和2月14日死在弗拉米尼亞大道，他的其他事跡並沒有可靠記載。不肯定聖瓦倫丁是一位聖人還是兩位同名的聖人。後期的聖人傳記加入了一些不同的故事。因此，他的紀念日不被保留在1969年修訂的天主教聖人曆，但他仍在2月14日在特別羅馬聖人曆受尊崇。^[2]可是，「2月14日在羅馬米爾維奧橋附近弗拉米尼亞大道殉難的殉道者瓦倫丁」仍在官方認可給各地景仰的聖人表中。^[3]

今日，聖瓦倫丁節是普世聖公宗和信義宗的正式慶日。^[4]^[5]在正教會，聖瓦倫丁監督節在7月6日紀念，而殉道者聖瓦倫丁節在7月30日。^[6] ^[7]在希臘正教會，名為華倫提奴（男）或華倫提娜（女）的信眾可以在西方的教會曆中的2月14日慶祝。^[8]

圣瓦伦丁钥匙[编辑]

圣瓦伦丁也是癫痫的守护者，癫痫曾一度被称作圣瓦伦丁病^[9]。圣瓦伦丁钥匙是金属钥匙，可以作为情人间打开心锁的象征，也可以作为驱除癫痫的护身符。直到现在，在意大利帕多瓦省蒙塞利切的一个小教堂，圣乔治堂，每年2月14日都会举行一个特别仪式，儿童们会得到一个小的金钥匙来避开癫痫^[10]。

註释[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Jones, Terry. Valentine of Rome. Patron Saints Tom. [2007-02-14]. （原始内容存档于2010-04-01）.
^ Calendarium Romanum Libreria Editrice Vaticana (1969), p. 117
^ "Die 14 februarii memoria Romae via Flaminia iuxta pontem Milvium, sancti Valentini, martyris". See Martyrologium Romanum, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2001, p. 141 (February 14).
^ Holy Days. Church of England (Anglican Communion). 2012 [2012-10-27]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-25）. February 14 Valentine, Martyr at Rome, c.269
^ Pfatteicher, Philip H. New Book of Festivals and Commemorations: A Proposed Common Calendar of Saints. Fortress Press. 2008-08-01: 86 [2012-10-27]. ISBN 9780800621285. （原始内容存档于2021-03-05）. IO February 14 The Lutheran Service Book, with its penchant for the old Roman calendar, commemorates Valentine on this date.
^ Martyr Valentinus the Presbyter and those with him at Rome （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Orthodox Church in America website.
^ Hieromartyr Valentine the Bishop of Interamna, Terni in Italy （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Orthodox Church in America
^ Greek Orthodox names in February. [2014-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-27）.
^ Illes, Judika. Encyclopedia of Mystics, Saints & Sages. HarperCollins. 2011-10-11: 1238. ISBN 978-0-06-209854-2. Saint Valentine is invoked for healing as well as love. He protects against fainting and is requested to heal epilepsy and other seizure disorders. In northern Italy, epilepsy was once traditionally known as Saint Valentine's Malady.
^ Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford, "St Valentine Key, Italy". [2015-02-19]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-19）.

文献[编辑]

Johannes Baptista de Rossi et Ludovicus Duchesne, ed., Martyrologium Hieronymianum: ad fidem codicum adiectis prolegomenis. Ex Actibus Sanctorum Novembris, Tomi II, pars prior. Bruxellis 1894. lxxxii, 195 p. S. Valentinus, p. 20.
De Voragine, Jacobus. The Life of Saint Valentine. In Legenda Aurea, compiled around 1275
Thurston, Herbert. St. Valentine. The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol.15. 1912 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
Hülsen, Christian. 1927. Le chiese di Roma nel medio evo: cataloghi ed appunti. Florence. CXV, 640 p. (On-line text).
Thurston, Herbert. 1933. St. Valentine, Martyr. In Alban Butler's Lives of the Saints, Vol. II, pp. 214–217. New York . 409 p..
Aigrain, René. 1953. Hagiographie: Ses sources, ses méthodes, son histoire. Paris 1953.
Amore, Agostino. 1966. S. Valentino di Roma o di Terni?, Antonianum 41 (1966), pp 260–77.
Kellogg, Alfred. 1972. Chaucer's St. Valentine: A Conjecture. In Kellogg, Chaucer, Langland, Arthur. 1972, pp. 108–145.
Amore, Agostino. 1975. I martiri di Roma. Roma, Antonianum, 1975. 322 p.
Kelly, Henry Ansgar 1986. Chaucer and the cult of Saint Valentine. Leiden, the Netherlands. 185 p.
Martyrologium Romanum 2001. Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2001, p. 141 (February 14). 773 p.
In Search of St. Valentine. Scotsman.com blog, 14 February 2005.
Oruch, Jack B. 1981. St. Valentine, Chaucer, and Spring in February, Speculum 56 (July 1981), pp 534–565.
Schoepflin, Maurizio and Seren, Linda. 2000. San Valentino di Terni : storia, tradizione, devozione. Morena (Roma), 2000. 111 p.
Paglia, Vincenzo. 2007. Saint Valentine's Message. Washington Post, February 15, 2007.
Saint Valentine: Biography. Diocese of Terni. 2009.

外部链接[编辑]

[patron-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Jones, Terry. Valentine of Rome. Patron Saints Tom. [2007-02-14]. （原始内容存档于2010-04-01）.

[2] Calendarium Romanum Libreria Editrice Vaticana (1969), p. 117

[3] "Die 14 februarii memoria Romae via Flaminia iuxta pontem Milvium, sancti Valentini, martyris". See Martyrologium Romanum, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2001, p. 141 (February 14).

[Anglican-4] Holy Days. Church of England (Anglican Communion). 2012 [2012-10-27]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-25）. February 14 Valentine, Martyr at Rome, c.269

[Pfatteicher2008-5] Pfatteicher, Philip H. New Book of Festivals and Commemorations: A Proposed Common Calendar of Saints. Fortress Press. 2008-08-01: 86 [2012-10-27]. ISBN 9780800621285. （原始内容存档于2021-03-05）. IO February 14 The Lutheran Service Book, with its penchant for the old Roman calendar, commemorates Valentine on this date.

[6] Martyr Valentinus the Presbyter and those with him at Rome （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Orthodox Church in America website.

[7] Hieromartyr Valentine the Bishop of Interamna, Terni in Italy （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Orthodox Church in America

[8] Greek Orthodox names in February. [2014-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-27）.

[Illes2011-9] Illes, Judika. Encyclopedia of Mystics, Saints & Sages. HarperCollins. 2011-10-11: 1238. ISBN 978-0-06-209854-2. Saint Valentine is invoked for healing as well as love. He protects against fainting and is requested to heal epilepsy and other seizure disorders. In northern Italy, epilepsy was once traditionally known as Saint Valentine's Malady.

[10] Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford, "St Valentine Key, Italy". [2015-02-19]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-19）.

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