能量密度
维基百科，自由的百科全书
能量密度是指在一定的空间或质量物质中储存能量的大小。如果是按质量来判定一般被称为比能.
完全能量密度[编辑]
此表给出了完整系统的能量密度, 包含了一切必要的外部条件,如氧化剂和热源。
| 存储形式 | 质量能量密度 (MJ/kg) | 容积能量密度 (MJ/L) | Peak recovery efficiency % | Practical recovery efficiency % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 质能等价[1] | 89,876,000,000 | |||
| 氢核聚变（太阳的能量来源) | 645,000,000 | |||
| 氘-氚聚变 | 337,000,000 | |||
| 核裂变 (100% 铀-235) (用于核武器) | 88,250,000 | 1,500,000,000 | ||
| 天然铀 (99.3% U-238, 0.7% U-235)用于快滋生反应器[2] | 24,000,000 | 50% | ||
| 浓缩铀 (3.5% U235) 用于轻水反应堆 | 3,456,000 | 30% | ||
| Hf-178m2 isomer | 1,326,000 | 17,649,060 | ||
| Pu-238 a-decay | 15,500,000 | |||
| 天然铀 (0.7% U235) 用于 轻水反应堆 | 443,000 | 30% | ||
| Ta-180m isomer | 41,340 | 689,964 | ||
| 高能燃料 | 70 | |||
| Specific orbital energy of Low Earth orbit (approximate) | 33 | |||
| Cl2O7 + CH4 - 计算值[來源請求] | 17.4 | |||
| Cl2O7分解---计算值[來源請求] | 12.2 | |||
| 硝基甲烷[來源請求] | 11.3 | 12.9 | ||
| 八硝基立方烷炸药--计算值[來源請求] | 8.5 | 17 | ||
| Tetranitrotetrahedrane explosive - computed[來源請求] | 8.3 | |||
| Heptanitrocubane explosive - computed[來源請求] | 8.2 | |||
| Dinitroacetylene explosive - computed[來源請求] | 7.9 | |||
| 钠 (和氯反应)[來源請求] | 7.0349 | |||
| Tetranitrocubane explosive - computed[來源請求] | 6.95 | |||
| Ammonal (Al+NH4NO3 oxidizer)[來源請求] | 6.9 | 12.7 | ||
| Tetranitromethane + hydrazine bipropellant - computed[來源請求] | 6.6 | |||
| Hexanitrobenzene explosive - computed[來源請求] | 6.5 | |||
| 奥克托今 炸药 - 计算值[來源請求] | 6.3 | |||
| ANFO-ANNM[來源請求] | 6.26 | |||
| 三硝基甲苯 [Kinney, G.F.; K.J. Graham. Explosive shocks in air. Springer-Verlag. 1985. ISBN 3-540-15147-8.][來源請求] | 4.610 | 6.92 | ||
| Copper Thermite (Al + CuO as oxidizer)[來源請求] | 4.13 | 20.9 | ||
| Thermite (powder Al + Fe2O3 as oxidizer) | 4.00 | 18.4 | ||
| 过氧化氢分解 (as monopropellant) | 2.7 | 3.8 | ||
| 纳米线电池 | 2.54 | |||
| battery, Lithium Thionyl Chloride (LiSOCl2) [3] | 2.5 | |||
| 水 220.64 bar, 373.8°C[來源請求] | 1.968 | 0.708 | ||
| Kinetic energy penetrator [來源請求] | 1.9 | 30 | ||
| battery, Fluoride ion [來源請求] | 1.7 | 2.8 | ||
| 氢闭循环燃料电池[4] | 1.62 | |||
| 肼(有毒)分解 (as monopropellant) | 1.6 | 1.6 | ||
| 硝酸铵分解 (as monopropellant) | 1.4 | 2.5 | ||
| 电容 EEStor生产 (宣称值) [5] | 1.2 | 5.7 | 99% | 99% |
| Thermal Energy Capacity of Molten Salt | 1[來源請求] | 98%[6] | ||
| Molecular spring approximate[來源請求] | 1 | |||
| battery, Sodium Sulfur | 1.23[來源請求] | 85%[7] | ||
| battery, Lithium-manganese[2][3] | 0.83-1.01 | 1.98-2.09 | ||
| 锂离子电池[4][5] | 0.46-0.72 | 0.83-0.9 | 95%[6] | |
| battery, Lithium Sulphur[7] | 1.26 | 1.26 | ||
| battery(Sodium Nickel Chloride)]], High Temperature | 0.56 | |||
| battery, Silver-oxide[2] | 0.47 | 1.8 | ||
| Flywheel | 0.36-0.5[8][9] | |||
| 5.56×45 NATO子弹[來源請求] | 0.4 | 3.2 | ||
| 镍氢电池,消费产品的低功率产品[10] | 0.4 | 1.55 | ||
| battery, Zinc-manganese (alkaline), long life design[2][4] | 0.4-0.59 | 1.15-1.43 | ||
| battery, Zinc Bromine flow (ZnBr)[11] | 0.27 | |||
| battery, Nickel metal hydride (NiMH), High Power design as used in cars[12] | 0.250 | 0.493 | ||
| battery, Nickel cadmium (NiCd)[4] | 0.14 | 1.08 | 80%[6] | |
| battery, Zinc-Carbon[4] | 0.13 | 0.331 | ||
| battery, Lead acid[4] | 0.14 | 0.36 | ||
| battery, Vanadium redox | 0.09[來源請求] | 0.1188 | 70-75% | |
| battery, Vanadium Bromide redox | 0.18 | 0.252 | 80%-90%[8] | |
| Capacitor Ultracapacitor | 0.0199 [9] | 0.050[來源請求] | ||
| Capacitor Supercapacitor | 0.01[來源請求] | 80%-98.5%[10] | 39%-70%[11] | |
| Superconducting magnetic energy storage | 0.008 [12] | >95% | ||
| Capacitor | 0.002 [13] | |||
| Spring power (clock spring), torsion spring | 0.0003 [14] | 0.0006 | ||
| Storage type | Energy density by mass (MJ/kg) | Energy density by volume (MJ/L) | Peak recovery efficiency % | Practical recovery efficiency % |
外部链接[编辑]
参考资料[编辑]
- ^ The energy density per kg of anti-matter is twice this amount.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 ProCell Lithium battery chemistry. Duracell. [2009-04-21].
- ^ Properties of non-rechargeable lithium batteries. corrosion-doctors.org. [2009-04-21].
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Battery energy storage in various battery types. AllAboutBatteries.com. [2009-04-21].
- ^ A typically available lithium ion cell with an Energy Density of 201 wh/kg [1]
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Justin Lemire-Elmore. The Energy Cost of Electric and Human-Powered Bicycles. 7. 2004-04-13 [2009-02-26]. "Table 3: Input and Output Energy from Batteries"
- ^ Lithium Sulfur Rechargeable Battery Data Sheet. Sion Power, Inc. 2005-09-28.
- ^ Storage Technology Report, ST6 Flywheel
- ^ Next-gen Of Flywheel Energy Storage. Product Design & Development. [2009-05-21].
- ^ Advanced Materials for Next Generation NiMH Batteries, Ovonic, 2008
- ^ ZBB Energy Corp. （原始内容存档于2007-10-15）. "75 to 85 watt-hours per kilogram"
- ^ High Energy Metal Hydride Battery
