莫里斯·桑達克

莫里斯·桑達克
出生	1928年6月10日(1928-06-10) 美國紐約布魯克林
逝世	2012年5月8日 （83歲） 美國康涅狄格州丹伯里
職業	作家、插圖家、藝術家
國籍	美國
創作時期	1947–2012
體裁	兒童文學
代表作	Where the Wild Things Are (1963) In the Night Kitchen (1970)
獎項	Caldecott Medal Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal
受影響於	William Blake, Herman Melville, Antoine Watteau, Francisco Goya, Mozart, Emily Dickinson, Fantasia (1940), George MacDonald, 父親 (Philip Sendak)
施影响于	Gregory Maguire, Jodi Picoult

莫里斯·伯納德·桑達克（英语：Maurice Bernard Sendak，1928年6月10日－2012年5月8日），生於美國紐約市布魯克林區，著名兒童文學圖畫書作家及插畫家。他最著名的作品為1963年出版的《野獸國》（Where the Wild Things Are），這個作品曾被改編成電影《野獸冒險樂園》。他曾經五度獲得美國圖畫書最高榮譽凱迪克獎（Caldecott Medal）。同時他也是第一位獲得國際安徒生插畫大獎（Hans Christian Andersen Award）的美國人。

早年生活

莫里斯·桑達克生於美國紐約布魯克林，雙親皆為波蘭猶太籍移民，而父親是一名裁縫。 桑達克形容自己的童年為「可怕的光景」，因為他的親戚死於大屠殺當中，讓年紀小小的他一早就已經體會到死亡。早年他因健康問題長期卧床，卻培養了喜愛閱讀的習慣。十二歲那年他看過了華特·迪士尼的幻想曲後，就志願要成為一位插圖家。而他第一份工作，就是為玩具店F.A.O. Schwarz設計櫥窗。 一九四七年，桑達克的插畫首次出版，出現在一本名為《Atomics for the Millions》的教科書，作者是Dr. Maxwell Leigh Eidinoff。一九五○年代，在桑達克開始寫自己的故事之前，他多數在為其他作者的童書畫插畫。

個人生活

桑達克曾在2008年9月於《紐約時報》上提及自己同性戀的身份，並跟他的伴侶心理分析家Eugene Glynn博士同居了五十年。他從未向自己父母出櫃，並說：「我只希望自己是異性戀的，那我的父母就高興了；他們永遠、永遠、永遠不知道。」

逝世

桑達克在2012年5月8日的早上因為腦中風的併發症於美國康涅狄格州丹伯里離世，終年83歲。 Funeral services will be handled by The Kane Funeral Home in Ridgefield.

著作

桑達克在自寫自畫《野獸國》之後獲得國際聲譽。初出版時，這部描繪尖牙怪獸的作品使某些家長感到憂心，因為裡面的角色長相顯得相當荒誕。在《野獸國》之前，桑達克最知名的作品是為Else Holmelund Minarik的《小熊》系列著作所畫的插畫。

當桑達克在Harper & Row公司編輯的桌上看到Isaac Bashevis Singer第一篇兒童故事《Zlateh the Goat》的稿件時，他主動表示要為這部作品畫插畫。這本書在一九六六年首次出版，獲得紐伯瑞獎。桑達克對於這次的合作感到愉快，有滿腔熱忱。他曾經以揶揄的口氣說他和Singer合作，「終於」讓他的父母對他們最小的孩子留下深刻印象。

桑達克的《廚房之夜狂想曲In the Night Kitchen》（格林出版）於一九七○出版，這部作品經常涉及審查議題，因為書中的小男孩在畫面中都是裸身走動著。這本書在美國好幾個州都遭到非議，包括伊利諾、紐澤西、明尼蘇達及德州。《廚房之夜狂想曲》經常出現在美國圖書館協會的「常禁書單」。在一九九○～一九九九年間一百本最常遭非議的書單當中名列第二十一。

一九八一年出版的《在那遙遠的地方Outside Over There》（麥田出版），故事是關於一個叫做Ida的女孩，探討她對於兄弟姐妹的嫉妒情結及其責任感。她的父親離家，Ida被留下來看顧妹妹，這使她相當失望。她妹妹遭小妖精（goblins）綁架，Ida必須展開一段奇幻旅程去解救妹妹。一開始她並不真的渴望找到妹妹，在尋找的過程中，她受神奇的事物吸引，幾乎與妹妹擦身而過。最後，她救出妹妹，毀滅小妖精，返家並許諾在父親回家之前會擔起照顧妹妹的責任。

文集

• Kenny's Window (1956)
• Very Far Away (1957)
• The Sign on Rosie's Door (1960)
• The Nutshell Library (1962)
  • Alligators All Around (An Alphabet)
  • Chicken Soup with Rice (A Book of Months)
  • One Was Johnny (A Counting Book)
  • Pierre (A Cautionary Tale)
• Where the Wild Things Are (1963)
• Let's Be Enemies (written by Janice May Udry) (1965)
• Higglety Pigglety Pop! or There Must Be More to Life (1967) ISBN 0-06-028479-X
• In the Night Kitchen (1970)
• Ten Little Rabbits: A Counting Book with Mino the Magician (1970)
• Some Swell Pup or Are You Sure You Want a Dog? (written by Maurice Sendak & Matthew Margolis, and illustrated by Maurice Sendak) (1976)
• Seven Little Monsters (1977)
• Fantasy Sketches (1981)
• Outside Over There (1981)
• Caldecott and Co: Notes on Books and Pictures (an anthology of essays on children's literature) (1988)
• We Are All in the Dumps with Jack and Guy (1993)
• Maurice Sendak's Christmas Mystery (1995) (a box containing a book and a jigsaw puzzle)
• Mommy? (Sendak's first pop-up book) (2006) ISBN 0-439-88050-5
• Bumble-Ardy (2011) ISBN 0-06-205198-9, ISBN 978-0-06-205198-1

插畫

• Atomics for the Millions (by Dr. Maxwell Leigh Eidinoff) (1947)
• The Wonderful Farm (by Marcel Aymé) (1951)
• Good Shabbos Everybody (by Robert Garvey) (1951)
• A Hole is to Dig (by Ruth Krauss) (1952)
• A Very Special House (by Ruth Krauss) (1953)
• Hurry Home Candy (by Meindert DeJong) (1953)
• The Giant Story (by Beatrice Schenk de Regniers) (1953)
• The Tin Fiddle (by Edward Tripp) (1954)
• The Wheel on the School (by Meindert DeJong) (1954)
• Mrs. Piggle-Wiggle's Farm (by Betty MacDonald) (1954)
• Happy Hanukah Everybody (by Hyman Chanover & Alice Chanover) (1955)
• Little Cow & the Turtle (by Meindert DeJong) (1955)
• Singing Family of the Cumberlands (by Jean Ritchie) (Oxford University Press, 1955)
• What Can You Do with a Shoe? (by Beatrice Schenk de Regniers) (1955, re-colored 1997)
• Seven Little Stories on Big Subjects (by Gladys Baker Bond) (1955)
• I Want to Paint My Bathroom Blue (by Ruth Krauss) (1956)
• The Birthday Party (by Ruth Krauss) (1957)
• Little Bear, by Else Holmelund Minarik and illustrated by Sendak (there was also a TV series based on this series of books)
  • Little Bear (1957)
  • Father Bear Comes Home (1959)
  • Little Bear's Friend (1960)
  • Little Bear's Visit (1961)
  • A Kiss for Little Bear (1968)
• Along Came a Dog (by Meindert DeJong) (1958)
• No Fighting, No Biting! (by Else Holmelund Minarik) (1958)
• What Do You Say, Dear? (by Sesyle Joslin) (1958)
• Seven Tales by H. C. Andersen (translated by Eva Le Gallienne) (1959)
• The Moon Jumpers (by Janice May Udry)(1959)
• Open House for Butterflies (by Ruth Krauss) (1960)
• Best in Children's Books: Volume 31 (various authors and illustrators: featuring, Windy Wash Day and Other Poems by Dorothy Aldis, illustrations by Sendak) (1960)
• Best in Children's Books: Volume 41 (various authors and illustrators: featuring, What the Good-Man Does Is Always Right by Hans Christian Andersen, illustrations by Sendak (1961)
• Let's Be Enemies (by Janice Udry) (1961)
• What Do You Do, Dear? (by Sesyle Joslin) (1961)
• The Big Green Book (by Robert Graves) (1962)
• Mr. Rabbit and the Lovely Present (by Charlotte Zolotow) (1962)
• The Singing Hill (by Meindert DeJong) (1962) (Harper Row)
• Dwarf Long-Nose (by Wilhelm Hauff, translated by Doris Orgel) (1963)
• The Griffin and the Minor Canon (by Frank R. Stockton) (1963)
• How Little Lori Visited Times Square (by Amos Vogel) (1963)
• She Loves Me...She Loves Me Not... (by Robert Keeshan AKA Captain Kangaroo) (1963)
• McCall's: August 1964; VOL XCI, No 11 (featuring The Young Crane by Andrejs Upits, Illustrated by Sendak)
• The Bee-Man of Orn (by Frank R. Stockton) (1964)
• The Animal Family (by Randall Jarrell) (1965)
• Hector Protector and As I Went Over the Water: Two Nursery Rhymes (traditional nursery rhymes) (1965)
• Lullabyes and Night Songs (by Alec Wilder, edited by William Engvick) (1965)
• Zlateh The Goat (by Isaac Bashevis Singer) (1966)
• The Bat-Poet (by Randall Jarrell) (1964)
• The House of Sixty Fathers (by Meindert De Jong) (1966)
• The Saturday Evening Post: May 4, 1968; 241st year, Issue no. 9 (features Yash The Chimney Sweep by Isaac Bashevis Singer)
• I'll Be You and You Be Me (by Ruth Krauss) (1973)
• The Juniper Tree and Other Tales from Grimm: Volumes 1 & 2 (translated by Lore Segal with four tales translated by Randall Jarrell) (1973 both volumes)
• King Grisly-Beard (by Brothers Grimm) (1973)
• Pleasant Fieldmouse (by Jan Wahl) (1975)
• Charlotte and the White Horse (by Ruth Krauss) (1955)
• Fly by Night (by Randall Jarrell) (1976)
• The Light Princess (by George MacDonald) (1977)
• Shadrach (by Meindert Dejong) (1977)
• The Big Green Book (by Robert Graves) (1978)
• Nutcracker (by E.T.A. Hoffmann) (1984)
• The Love for Three Oranges (The Glyndebourne Version, by Frank Corsaro based on L'Amour des Trois Oranges (by Serge Prokofiev) (1984)
• Circus Girl (by Jack Sendak) (1985)
• In Grandpa's House (by Philip Sendak) (1985)
• The Cunning Little Vixen (by Rudolf Tesnohlidek) (1985)
• Dear Mili (written by Wilhelm Grimm) (1988)
• Sing a Song of Popcorn (by Beatrice Schenk de Regniers with various illustrators including Sendak) (1988)
• The Big Book for Peace (various authors and illustrators, cover also by Sendak) (1990)
• I Saw Esau (edited by Iona Opie and Peter Opie) (1992)
• The Golden Key (by George MacDonald) (1992) ISBN 0-374-42590-6
• We Are All in the Dumps with Jack and Guy: Two Nursery Rhymes with Pictures (traditional nursery rhymes) (Harper Collins) (1993)
• Pierre: or, The Ambiguities: The Kraken Edition (by Herman Melville) (1995) ISBN 978-0-06-118009-5
• The Miami Giant (by Arthur Yorinks) (1995)
• Frank and Joey Go to Work (by Arthur Yorinks), also has additional illustrations by Ky Chung (1996)
• Penthesilea (by Heinrich von Kleist, translated and introduced by Joel Agee) (1998) ISBN 0-06-095632-1
• Dear Genius: The Letters of Ursula Nordstrom (by Ursula Nordstrom, edited by Leonard S. Marcus) ISBN 0-06-023625-6
• Swine Lake (by James Marshall) (1999)
• Brundibár (by Tony Kushner) (2003)
• Sarah's Room (by Doris Orgel) (2003)
• The Happy Rain (by Jack Sendak) (2004)
• Bears! (by Ruth Krauss) (2005)

作品集

• The Art of Maurice Sendak (by Selma G. Lanes) (1980) ISBN 0-8109-1600-2
• The Art of Maurice Sendak: From 1980 to the Present (by Tony Kushner) (2003) ISBN 0-8109-4448-0
• Making Mischief: A Maurice Sendak Appreciation (by Gregory Maguire) (2009) ISBN 0-06-168916-5

電影

• 1973: Where the Wild Things Are (story)
• 2009: Where The Wild Things Are (story)
• 2009: Tell Them Anything You Want: A Portrait of Maurice Sendak, documentary filmed by Lance Bangs and Where the Wild Things Are director Spike Jonze. Released in the US on DVD by Oscilloscope Laboratories.
• 2010: Higglety Pigglety Pop! or There Must Be More to Life (story), an animated/live action short adapted and directed by Chris Lavis and Maciek Szczerbowski (Clyde Henry Productions), produced by Spike Jonze, Vincent Landay and Marcy Page (National Film Board of Canada)

外部連結

• "TateShots: Maurice Sendak", a five-minute interview, Tate Museum, 22 December 2011; "look back over his literary career, discuss his love for William Blake and hear why he believes that as an artist, ‘you just have to take the dive’".
• "Fresh Air Remembers Author Maurice Sendak", Fresh Air (NPR), May 8, 2012. With links to/excerpts of interviews in 1986, 1989, 1993, 2003 (re: Brundibár), 2009 ("Looking Back On Wild Things ...") and 2011 ("This Pig Wants To Party: Maurice Sendak's Latest").
• "Maurice Sendak: Where the Wild Things Are", NOW on PBS, interview by Bill Moyers, 2004. Other links: NOW: "The History of Brundibar"; American Masters: "Maurice Sendak"; HBO: "A Portrait of Maurice Sendak".
• PBS: American Masters A one-minute video clip
• NPR: Conversation with Maurice Sendak. A seventeen-minute audio interview by Jennifer Ludden, June 4, 2005.
• "Maurice Sendak", KCRW Bookworm Interview by Michael Silverblatt, May 18, 1992; "talks about The Nutcracker and the process of writing a book that became a classic."
• The Rosenbach Museum and Library Exhibition space for Sendak drawings
• The Big Green Book : Maurice Sendak’s Tribute to Beatrix Potter. Prints & Books. Victoria and Albert Museum. 
• 互聯網電影數據庫（IMDb）上Maurice Sendak的資料
• 在WorldCat聯合目錄內，莫里斯·桑達克的著作和相關文獻
• "Remembering Maurice Sendak through his Stephen Colbert interview", LA Times Showtracker blog, May 8, 2012. Highlights of one of Sendak's last public interviews; with Stephen Colbert; "months before his passing" (n.d.); with links to two-part interview at ColbertNation.com.