迦玛列
维基百科,自由的百科全书
迦玛列(Gamaliel)是伟大的犹太教师希勒尔的孙子。他是第一世纪中叶犹太公会(Sanhedrin)中最主要的权威人士。他在耶路撒冷被毁之前9年,也就是63年去世。
目录 |
[编辑] 拉比
在犹太法典(Talmud)中,迦玛列 bears the title "Rabban", a rabbinic title given to Nasi (head) of the Sanhedrin, of which he is the first of seven appointed leaders of that school of Hillel which earned the title.
In the Mishna he is spoken of as the author of certain legal ordinances affecting the welfare of the community and regulating certain issues 关于 conjugal rights. Among his rulings, Rabban 迦玛列 决定 for the purposes of 再婚 a single witness could provide 足够的 evidence of the death of a 丈夫 (Yevamot 16:7).
在传统中也保存 the text of the epistles regarding the insertion of the intercalary month, which he sent to 加利利居民 and the Darom (southern Judea) and to the Jews of the Diaspora (Sarihedrin II b and elsewhere). He figures in two anecdotes as the religious adviser of Agrippa I and his wife Cypris (Pesahirri 88 ii). Of his teaching, beyond the saying preserved in Aboth i. 16, which enjoins the duty of study and of scrupulousness in the observance of religious ordinances, only a very remarkable characterization of the different natures of students remains. This compares distinct types of student to varieties of fish. (Aboth di R. Nathan, cb. xl.).
迦玛列被尊为犹太教历史上最伟大的教师之一。 Mish. Sorah ix.15 pays tribute to this quality, "自从迦玛列去世,这里不再有对律法的敬畏,纯洁和节制也同时死亡了。" While believing the law to be wholly inspired by God, he ruled that the sabbath laws should be less rigorous and more realistic. He also argued that the law should protect women during divorce and urged 犹太人 to be kind towards Gentiles.
[编辑] 在使徒行传中
在使徒行传中,迦玛列被描述成一个法利赛人和摩西律法的著名学者。迦玛列在使徒行传5章34节出现,劝告他在犹太公会里的同事,不要将传扬福音的彼得和十二使徒处死。他的劝告被听取了,证明他在同时代人中极有权威。 他也是许多法律条例的制定者,有一个儿子名叫Simeon,还有一个女儿,嫁给了祭司Simon ben Nathanael(22:3)。他还是保罗的老师。在使徒行传22章3节,保罗对耶路撒冷的群众说:“我是犹太人,生在基利家的大数,在这城里长大,在迦玛列脚前,按着我们祖宗严紧的律法受教,我为神热心,像你们众人今日一样。” 但我们不知道,保罗所受的训练对他后来成为外邦人的使徒有何影响。Shabbath 30b 提及迦玛列的一名学生表现出“学问上的轻率”,一些学者确定这可能就是指保罗。其他学者,如Helmut Koester,则怀疑保罗曾受教于这位著名的拉比。
[编辑] 作为基督教圣徒
由于迦玛列对早期基督徒的同情态度,早期基督教会的传统认为他接受了基督教信仰,而且仍是犹太公会的成员,以秘密地帮助他的基督徒同伴。依据Photius,他和儿子,以及尼哥底母一起,由彼得和约翰施浸。他的尸体被保存在意大利的比萨。当时的犹太人记录,他继续留在犹太公会中,证明他皈依基督教的假设非常靠不住。[1]
[编辑] 注释
- ^ Cheyne 和布莱克(1903年).圣经百科全书.纽约:麦克米兰.
[编辑] 外部链接
| 前任: 示门·本·希勒尔 |
Nasi 9 (Est.) - 50 |
繼任: 示门·本·迦玛列]] |

