遠東

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遠東

遠東（英文：Far East）是歐美人使用的地理概念，他們以歐洲為中心，把東南歐、非洲東北稱為「近東」，西亞附近稱為「中東」，把更遠的東方稱為「遠東」。後來中東和近東常合稱「中近東」。現在有時「中東」指的是「中近東」。同理，中国過去称西方國家为“泰西”。

遠東一般包括今天的東亞（包括俄羅斯的東部）、東南亞和南亞，即阿富汗、哈薩克以東、澳洲以北、太平洋以西、北冰洋以南的地區。在日、韓語則使用極東之譯名（日：極東；韓：극동）。

傳統領土和地區列入遠東 [编辑]

Name of region[1] and
territory, with flag		 Area
(km²)		 Population
(2008 est.)		 Population density
(per km²)		 Capital Government Currency Official languages
東亞
 People's Republic of China (PRC)[2] 9,598,094[3]
 1,370,536,875[4] 161.0 Beijing Single-party led state[來源請求],
Socialist republic		 Yuan (Renminbi) Chinese (Mandarin)
 香港 [5] 1,104 6,985,200 6,352.0 Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
of the People's Republic of China.		 Hong Kong dollar Chinese (Cantonese),[6]
English
 澳門 [7] 28.6 520,400 17,310.0 Macau Special Administrative Region
of the People's Republic of China		 Pataca Chinese (Cantonese),[8]
Portuguese
 日本 377,873 127,433,494 337.0 Tokyo Parliamentary democracy,
Constitutional monarchy		 Yen None
(Japanese as de facto)
 蒙古国 1,564,116 2,951,786 1.7 Ulaanbaatar Parliamentary republic Tögrög Mongolian
 朝鲜 120,540 23,301,725 190.0 Pyongyang Juche,
Socialist Republic		 North Korean won Korean
 韩国 100,032 49,044,790 493.0 Seoul Presidential republic Won Korean
 中華民國[9] 36,188 22,911,292 633.12 Taipei Semi-presidential system New Taiwan dollar Chinese (Mandarin)
東南亞
 文莱 5,765 381,371 66.0 Bandar Seri Begawan Absolute Islamic Sultanate Brunei dollar Malay
 柬埔寨 181,035 14,241,640 78.0 Phnom Penh Constitutional monarchy Riel Khmer
 East Timor (Timor-Leste)[10] 15,410 1,115,000 64.0 Dili Parliamentary republic U.S. Dollar / Centavo coins Tetum and Portuguese
 印尼[11] 1,919,588 237,512,355 123.8 Jakarta Presidential republic Rupiah Indonesian
 老挝 236,800 6,521,998 25.0 Vientiane Socialist Republic Kip Lao
 马来西亚 329,847 27,730,000 83.0 Kuala Lumpur Federal constitutional monarchy,
Parliamentary democracy		 Ringgit Malay
 Myanmar (Burma) 676,578 55,390,000 75.0 Naypyidaw Unitary presidential
constitutional republic		 Kyat Burmese
 巴布亚新几内亚 462,840 6,732,000 14.5 Port Morseby Unitary parliamentary
constitutional monarchy		 Kina Hiri Motu, Tok Pisin, and English
 菲律宾 300,000 90,500,000 295.0 Manila Unitary presidential
constitutional republic		 Peso (Piso) Filipino and English
 新加坡 707.1 4,588,600 6,489.0 Singapore Parliamentary republic Singapore dollar Malay, English,
Chinese (Mandarin), and Tamil
 泰国 513,115 63,038,247 122.0 Bangkok Parliamentary democracy,
Constitutional monarchy		 Baht Thai
 越南 331,690 86,116,559 253.0 Hanoi Socialist Republic đồng Vietnamese
北亞
俄罗斯 Russian Far East (Russia)[12] 6,215,900[13] 6,692,865[13] 3.0 Moscow Federal semi-presidential republic Ruble Russian and
27 other co-official languages

参考文献 [编辑]

  1. ^   Continental regions as per UN categorisations (map), except 12. Depending on definitions, various territories cited below (notes 6, 11-13, 15, 17-19, 21-23) may be in one or both of Asia and Europe, Africa, or Oceania.
  2. ^   The state is commonly known as simply "China", which is subsumed by the eponymous entity and civilisation (China). Figures given are for Mainland China only, and do not include Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
  3. ^ Includes PRC-administered area (Aksai Chin and Trans-Karakoram Tract, both territories claimed by India).
  4. ^ Information listed is for Mainland China only. The Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (i.e. Hong Kong and Macau), the island territories under the control of the Republic of China (which includes the islands of Taiwan, Quemoy, and Matsu) are excluded.
  5. ^   Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
  6. ^ Cantonese, a dialect of Chinese, is a de facto official language of Hong Kong, as Hong Kong's constitution does not specify which dialect of Chinese is the territory's official language.
  7. ^   Macau is a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.
  8. ^ Cantonese, a dialect of Chinese, is a de facto official language of Macau, as Macau's constitution does not specify which dialect of Chinese is the territory's official language.
  9. ^   Figures are for the area under the de facto control of the Republic of China (ROC) government, commonly referred to as Taiwan. Claimed in whole by the PRC; see political status of Taiwan.
  10. ^   East Timor is often considered a transcontinental country in Southeastern Asia and Oceania.
  11. ^ Indonesia is often considered a transcontinental country in Southeastern Asia and Oceania; figures do not include Irian Jaya and Maluku Islands, frequently reckoned in Oceania (Melanesia/Australasia).
  12. ^   Russia is generally considered a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe (UN region) and Northern Asia; population and area figures are for Asian portion only.
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Only includes the area of Far Eastern Federal District.

參見 [编辑]

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