金色黎明党
维基百科，自由的百科全书
| Golden Dawn Χρυσή Αυγή 金色黎明党 |
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|---|---|
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| 党首 | 米哈羅里亞可斯 |
| 建立 | 1993年 |
| 总部 | 希臘雅典 |
| 党报 | Chrysi Augi |
| 青年组织 | 青年阵线 |
| 意识形态 | 極端民族主義[1][2] 专制主义 种族主义[3] 梅达西斯姆主义 (自称，希腊人Ioannis Metaxas提出的一种专制的民族主义) |
| 政治立场 | 极右派 [4][5] |
| 欧洲组织 | 欧洲民族前线 |
| 官方色彩 | 红，黑 |
| 希腊议会 |
18 / 300
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| 欧洲议会 |
0 / 22
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| 大区议会席次 |
0 / 1,662
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| 市议会席次 |
1 / 12,978
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| 官方网站 | http://www.xryshaygh.com/ |
| 希腊政治 政党 · 选举 |
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人民聯盟-金色黎明(希腊语：Λαϊκός Σύνδεσμος – Χρυσή Αυγή)，通常直接簡稱金色黎明（希腊语：Χρυσή Αυγή，拉丁化：Chrysi Avgi，发音：[xriˈsi avˈʝi])，希腊政党，为极右翼组织。1993年正式成立。该党现任领导人为尼古拉斯·米哈羅里亞可斯（Nikolaos Michaloliakos）。学者与媒体指出该党具有新纳粹主义与法西斯主义色彩，但是该党拒绝承认。[6][7] [8]根據學術研究顯示，該黨具有種族主義和仇視外來者頃向，而該黨領導人則形容金色黎明為國家主義和種族主義政黨。
目录 |
選舉 [编辑]
2010年希臘地方選舉，該黨在雅典獲得5.3%的得票率，成功在市議會取得1席。
2012年由於高失業率、財政緊縮和移民議題，該黨支持率大幅提升，以致同年5月國會選舉中得票率6.97%，取得21席，首次跨越門檻進入希臘國會；接下來6月第二次選舉中，得票率6.92%，取得18席。[9]2012年底該黨國會議員Eleni Zaroulia在國會上以"次等人"談論希臘境內移民，引起爭議。[10]
與該黨相關的暴力事件 [编辑]
金色黎明党成员被指与一系列针对非洲以及穆斯林非法移民的暴力活动有密切联系。[11]該黨的辦公室也常遭到安那其主義者和左翼分子攻擊，他們成員與左翼人士間的衝突並不少見。
1998年1月希臘樂團The Last Drive的主唱Alexis Kalofolias遭受攻擊，他右眼受到永久性傷害以致損失兩成的視力[11][12]，包括雜誌KLIK和左翼報紙Eleftherotypia都報導指出此事與金色黎明的成員有關。[11][12]
2009年專門給希臘境內的少數民族馬其頓人使用的馬希雙語辭典推出，6月2日出版社舉辦記者招待會，大樓外聚集約20名金色黎明黨的成員，部分人甚至身穿黑裙和戰鬥鋼盔，其中兩名成員破壞宣傳廣告，並口頭污辱出席的人士，包括希臘國內外的多位知名語言學家、作家、教授。這群人在警方趕到後解散。[13]
参考 [编辑]
- ^ Tsatsanis, Emmanouil, Hellenism under siege: the national-populist logic of antiglobalization rhetoric in Greece, Journal of Political Ideologies. 2011, 16 (1): 11–31, doi:10.1080/13569317.2011.540939, "...and far right-wing newspapers such as Alpha Ena, Eleytheros Kosmos, Eleytheri Ora and Stohos (the mouthpiece of ultra-nationalist group Chrysi Avgi)."
- ^ Ivarsflaten, Elisabeth, Reputational Shields: Why Most Anti-Immigrant Parties Failed in Western Europe, 1980-2005, Nuffield College, University of Oxford. 2006: 15
- ^ Sitaropoulos, Nicholas, Equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin: the transposition in Greece of EU Directive 2000/43, The International Journal of Human Rights. 2004, 8 (2): 123–158, doi:10.1080/1364298042000240834, "Clearly extreme racist groups are, inter alia, political groups such as 'Chrisi Avgi' and 'Elliniko Metopo'."
- ^ Repoussi, Maria, Battles over the national past of Greeks: The Greek History Textbook Controversy 2006-2007, Geschichte für heute. Zeitschrift für historisch-politische Bildung. 2009 (1): 5
- ^ Grumke, Thomas, The transatlantic dimension of right-wing extremism, Human Rights Review. 2003, 4 (4): 56–72, doi:10.1007/s12142-003-1021-x, "On October 24, 1998 the Greek right-wing extremist organization Chrisi Avgi ("Golden Dawn") was the host for the "5th European Youth Congress" in Thessaloniki."
- ^
- Miliopoulos, Lazaros. Extremismus in Griechenland. Extremismus in den EU-Staaten. 2011: 154. doi:10.1007/978-3-531-92746-6_9.
- Chalk, Peter, Non-Military Security in the Wider Middle East, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 2003, 26 (3): 197–214, doi:10.1080/10576100390211428, "Reflecting these perceptions has been a growing sub-culture of support for neo-Nazi hate groups such as Troiseme Voie in France, Golden Dawn in Greece, Combat 18 (C18) in the United Kingdom..."
- Altsech, Moses, Anti-Semitism in Greece: Embedded in Society, Post-Holocaust and Anti-Semitism. August 2004 (23): 12, "On 12 March 2004, Chrysi Avghi (Golden Dawn), the new weekly newspaper of the Neo-Nazi organization of that name, cited another survey indicating that the percentage of Greeks who view immigrants unfavorably is 89 percent."
- Porat, Dina; Stauber, Roni, Antisemitism Worldwide 2000/1, University of Nebraska Press. 2002: 123, "The neo-Nazi Chrissi Avgi (Golden Daybreak) was the only far right group active in 2000. It was responsible for at least one antisemitic act and for attacks against left-wing targets."
- ^
- Explosion at Greek neo-Nazi office, CNN. 19 March 2010 [2 February 2012]
- Greek minister warns of neo-Nazi political threat, B92. 31 March 2012
- Ακροδεξιά απειλή για τη Δημοκρατία (Right-wing threat to Democracy), Ethnos. 31 March 2012
- Migration woes take centre stage ahead of Greek election, The Sun Daily. 4 April 2012
- Greek Voters Punish 2 Main Parties for Economic Collapse, The New York Times. 6 May 2012
- ^
- Smith, Rise of the Greek far right raises fears of further turmoil, The Guardian. 16 December 2011
- Kravva, Vasiliki, The Construction of Otherness in Modern Greece, The Ethics of Anthropology: Debates and dilemmas. Routledge. 2003: 169
- ^ Explosion at Greek neo-Nazi office, CNN. 19 March 2010 [2 February 2012]
- Porat, Dina; Stauber, Roni, Antisemitism Worldwide 2000/1, University of Nebraska Press. 2002: 123
- Donadio, Rachel; Kitsantonis, Niki, Greek Voters Punish 2 Main Parties for Economic Collapse, The New York Times. 6 May 2012
- Smith, Rise of the Greek far right raises fears of further turmoil, The Guardian. 16 December 2011
- ^ 歐盟猶太學生組織請願要求禁止歧視委員會撤職金色黎明黨議員
- ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Eleftherotypia's article about attacks by Golden Dawn. (in Greek)
- ^ 12.0 12.1 Article in magazine KLIK(in Greek)
- ^ .Sinisa-Jakov Marusic (3 June 2009). "Group Storms Greek-Macedonian Dictionary Promotion". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
外部链接 [编辑]
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