長音符號
维基百科，自由的百科全书
| Ā | ā |
| Ē | ē |
| Ḡ | ḡ |
| Ī | ī |
| Ḹ | ḹ |
| Ō | ō |
| Ṝ | ṝ |
| Ū | ū |
| Ǖ | ǖ |
| Ȳ | ȳ |
| 变音符号 |
|---|
|
重音符號
短音符 ( ˘ )
hook / dấu hỏi (問號) ( ̉ ) |
| Marks sometimes used as diacritics |
|
引號 ( ’ ) |
長音符號(Macron), 由希臘語 μακρός (makros)意"巨大", ，形為 ¯ ，原意為指示响音成為長响音. 相反為短音符號 ˘, 用以指示短音的响音。這些 是語音學上的消歧義。
目录 |
[编辑] 長度
以下語言或拼音轉述符號使用長音符號
- 現代詞典的古希臘語及拉丁語, where the macron is sometimes used in conjunction with the breve, which marks short vowels. However, there is a frequent convention of indicating only (but all) the long vowels: it is then understood that a vowel with no macron is short.
- 夏威夷語。長音符號稱為 kahakō,它指示响音變長，也表示重音改變。
- 日語黑本式羅馬字。 如：kōtsū (交通) ， 沒有長音符號則為 kotsu (骨) 交通的日本假名翻譯是こうつう，通常會被羅馬化成koutsuu。雖然這並非一個標準，但是長音文字普遍在互聯網找到。
- 拉脫維亞語. "Ā", "ē", "ī", "ū" are considered separate letters that sort in alphabetical order immediately after "a", "e", "i", "u" respectively. 例如baznīca在拉脫維亞語bārda較更前。
- 立陶宛語. "Ū" is considered a separate letter but given the same position in collation as the unaccented "u". It marks a long vowel; other long vowels are inicated with an ogonek (which used to indicate nasalization, but no longer does): "ą", "ę", "į", "ų", "o" being always long in Lithuanian words except for some recent loanwords. For the long counterpart of "i", the letter "y" is used.
- 毛利語. 早期毛利語沒有區別長短。 Some — notably the late Professor Bruce Biggs[1] — have advocated that double vowels be written to mark long vowel sounds (e.g. Maaori), but even he was more concerned that they be marked at all than with the method. However, the Māori Language Commission (Te Taura Whiri o te Reo Māori) advocate macrons be used to designate long vowels. The use of the macron is now widespread in modern Māori writing, though some people fall back on a diaeresis mark instead (e.g. "Mäori" instead of "Māori") when a macron is not available, and this confuses people who are unfamiliar with either. The Māori words for macron are pōtae "hat", or tohuto.
- 現代英語所顯示的古英語。
- 拉丁語所翻譯的梵語。
[编辑] 語調
以下語言或字母使用長音符號表示語調:
- 於國际音標, 長音符號於响音之上代表中音調。
[编辑] 其他
- 於全部使用大階的手繪法語漫畫書籍，會以長音符號取代來抑揚符號。
- 在部份德語書寫系統，長音符號用於區別u和n。
- In older handwriting styles, such as the German schrift, the macron over an m or an n meant that the letter was doubled. This continued into print in English in the sixteenth century. Over a u at the end of a word, the macron indicated um as a form of scribal abbreviation.
- 西里爾字母的小階т與拉丁字母的小階m相似，and a macron is often used to distinguish it from Ш, which looks like a lowercase w. Some writers also underline the letter ш, to further reduce ambiguity.
- 音樂中的持續記號與長音符號相似。
[编辑] 詞典以外的用法
- In medical prescriptions, a macron over a "c" means "with", as an abbreviation for the Latin word "cum".
as the average value of [编辑] 技術補充
| 大階 | 小階 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 字母 | HTML代碼 | 字母 | HTML代碼 |
| Ā | Ā | ā | ā |
| Ē | Ē | ē | ē |
| Ī | Ī | ī | ī |
| Ō | Ō | ō | ō |
| Ū | Ū | ū | ū |
| Ǖ | Ǖ | ǖ | ǖ |
| Ȳ | Ȳ | ȳ | ȳ |
在Unicode, "combining macron" is one of the combining diacritical marks, its code is U+0304 (in HTML, ̄ or ̄). This should be distinguished from the "macron" at U+00AF ¯, from the "modifier letter macron" at U+02C9 ˉ and from the combining overline at U+0305 ̅. There are also several precomposed characters; their HTML/Unicode numbers are as in the table to the right. In LaTeX a macron is created with the command "\=" for example: M\=aori.
If the last two rows of the table do not display properly, the row before the last is the letter Uu with diaeresis (Ü ü) and macron, used in pinyin. The final row is the letter Yy with macron亦在教授拉丁語使用。
[编辑] 有趣事情
- 在其中一集的辛普森一家，角色Sideshow Bob看到手指的紋身，一個是"LUV"，另一個是"HĀT"，兩者是縮寫的「Love"」及「Hate」，因為劇中的角色每隻手只有3隻手指。
[编辑] 參考資料
- ^ Yearbook of the Academy Council - 2000, Royal Society of New Zealand
[编辑] 參看
[编辑] 外部連結
- Diacritics Project — All you need to design a font with correct accents
- He Kupu o te Rā Information about typing macrons, macron support in email packages, and TXTing macrons.
