阿皮亚

Apia Ah-Pee-Ah
阿皮亞政府建築群景觀
Map of Apia
Apia Map of Apia
坐标: 13°50′S 171°45′W
Country	薩摩亞
District	圖阿馬薩加
Constituency	Vaimauga West及Faleata East
建立	1850年代
成為首都	1959年
面积
- 城市	23.2平方英里（60平方公里）
海拔	7英呎（2米）
人口 （2006）
- 市區	37,708
- 市區人口密度	2,534.48/平方英里（6,534.27/平方公里）
時區	SST（UTC+13）
- （夏令）	HST（UTC+14）

阿皮亞（Apia）是南太平洋島國薩摩亞的首都，也是該國的最大城市及主要港口。阿皮亞位於薩摩亞第二大島烏波盧島的北岸中部。

根據2006年的統計，阿皮亞的市區阿皮亞市有人口37,708人。

歷史

A high chief of Apia, Seumanutafa Pogai, circa 1890-1910.

最初的阿皮亞只是一個小村落(1800 population is 304)，from which the country's capital took its name. Apia village still exists within the larger modern capital of Apia which has grown into a sprawling urban area with many villages. Like every other settlement in the country, Apia village has its own matai chiefly leaders and fa'alupega (geneaology & customary greetings) according to fa'a Samoa.

現代的阿皮亞建立於1850年代，在1959年起成為了薩摩亞的首都。

The harbor was also the site of an infamous 15 March 1889 naval standoff in which 7 ships from Germany, the US, and Britain refused to leave harbor while a typhoon was clearly approaching, lest the first moved would lose face. All the ships were sunk, except the British cruiser Calliope, which barely managed to leave port at 1 mile per hour and ride out the storm. Nearly 200 American and German lives were lost, as well as 6 ships sunk or beyond repair.

自1900年代早期薩摩亞人展開獨立運動之始，organised under the national Mau movement, the streets of Apia became the center of non-violent protests and marches where many Samoans were arrested. In what became known as 'Black Saturday', a peaceful Mau gathering in the town resulted in the killing of paramount chief Tupua Tamasese Lealofi III by New Zealand constabulary on 28 December 1929.

從2011年12月30日0時0分起，薩摩亞更改標準時間，跨越國際換日線，從UTC-11改為UTC+13（夏令時從UTC-10改為UTC+14），以消除因與澳大利亞和紐西蘭相差一天的商業障礙。

地理

阿皮亞空照圖

阿皮亞13°50′S 171°50′W坐落於Vaisigano河口的天然港灣及Vaea山（472 m）北邊狹窄的海岸平原上，Vaea山南邊即知名作家羅伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森安葬所在。有兩條南北向山脊在Vaisigano河兩側，山上皆有公路，with roads on each. The more western of these is 越島公路，其中一条越岛公路可穿過島中央直通烏波盧島的南岸。

氣候

阿皮亞屬於熱帶雨林氣候，終年高溫。最乾燥的月份是7月和8月，平均只有 80 毫米的降雨量，而12月及1月平均降雨量最多，可超過 300 毫米。阿皮亞的年均溫約為26攝氏度。

阿皮亞 氣候圖表
㋀	㋁	㋂	㋃	㋄	㋅	㋆	㋇	㋈	㋉	㋊	㋋
450   30 23	380   29 24	350   30 23	250   30 23	260   29 23	120   29 23	80   29 23	80   28 23	130   28 23	170   29 23	260   30 23	370   29 23
溫度以攝氏（°C）表記 降雨量單位為毫米（mm） 資料來源：http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=26719&refer=&units=metric
英制單位換算  ㋀ ㋁ ㋂ ㋃ ㋄ ㋅ ㋆ ㋇ ㋈ ㋉ ㋊ ㋋     17.7   86 73     15   84 75     13.8   86 73     9.8   86 73     10.2   84 73     4.7   84 73     3.1   84 73     3.1   82 73     5.1   82 73     6.7   84 73     10.2   86 73     14.6   84 73 溫度以華氏（°F）表記 降雨量單位為英吋

阿皮亞气候平均数据
月份	1月	2月	3月	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月	11月	12月	全年
平均高温 °C （°F）	30 (86)	29 (84)	30 (86)	30 (86)	29 (84)	29 (84)	29 (84)	28 (82)	28 (82)	29 (84)	30 (86)	29 (84)	29.2 (84.5)
平均低温 °C （°F）	23 (73)	24 (75)	23 (73)	23 (73)	23 (73)	23 (73)	23 (73)	23 (73)	23 (73)	23 (73)	23 (73)	23 (73)	23.1 (73.6)
降水量 mm （英寸）	450 (17.72)	380 (14.96)	350 (13.78)	250 (9.84)	160 (6.3)	120 (4.72)	80 (3.15)	80 (3.15)	130 (5.12)	170 (6.69)	260 (10.24)	370 (14.57)	2,800 (110.24)
平均降水日数	19	18	17	15	13	11	8	9	12	14	16	17	169
来源：http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=26719&refer=&units=metric

行政區

Samoa police band in front of the Mulivai Catholic Cathedral.

阿米亞屬於圖阿馬薩加政治區的一部分and of election district Vaimauga West and Faleata East。阿皮亞本身是由45個獨立各別的村落所組成，沒有城市建制。Apia proper is just a small village between the mouths of the Vaisigano (east) and Mulivai (west) rivers, and is framed by Vaisigano and Mulivai villages, together constituting "Downtown Apia".

The Planning Urban Management Authority (PUMA) Act 2004 (amended in 2005) was passed by parliament to better plan for the urban growth of Samoa's built-up areas, with particular reference to the future urban management of Apia. The city's historical haphazard growth from village to colonial trading post to the major financial and business centre of the country has resulted in major infrastructural problems in the city. Problems of flooding are commonplace in the wet season, given the low flood-prone valley that the city is built on. In the inner-city village of Sogi, there are major shoreline pollution and effluent issues given that the village is situated on swamplands. The disparate village administrations of Apia has resulted in a lack of a unified and codified legislative approach to sewerage disposal. The relatively high growth in vehicle ownership has resulted in traffic congestion in the inner city streets and the need for major projects in road-widening and traffic management. The PUMA legislation sets up the Planning Urban Management Authority to better manage the unique planning issues facing Apia's urban growth.

城市特色

Bahá'í House of Worship, Tiapapata, 8 km from Apia.

Mulinu'u, the old ceremonial capital, lies at the city's western end, and is the location of the Parliament House (Maota Fono) and the historic observatory, which is now the meteorology office.

The name of the Catholic Cathedral in Apia is the Immaculate Conception of Mary Cathedral but as of mid 2011 the old cathedral had been demolished, reportedly due to structural damage from the large earthquake in September 2009, with a new one being built.

An area of reclaimed land jutting into the harbour is the site of the Fiame Mataafa Faumuina Mulinuu II (FMFM II) building, the multistorey government offices named after the first Prime Minister of Samoa, and the Central Bank of Samoa. A clock tower erected as a war memorial acts as a central point for the city. The new market (maketi fou) is inland at Fugalei, where it is more protected from the effects of cyclones. Apia still has some of the early, wooden, colonial buildings which remain scattered around the town, most notably the old courthouse (the new courthouse now operating in Mulinu'u), with a museum on the upper floor. Recent infrastructural development and economic growth has seen several multi-story buildings being built in the city. The ACC building (2001) houses the Accident Compensation Board, the National Bank of Samoa, and some government departments. The mall below it is home to shops and eateries. The Samoatel building (2004) which is the site for Samoa's international telecommunications hub was built inland at Maluafou, again to protect it from the effects of seasonal cyclones. The DBS building (2007) in Savalalo houses the Development Bank of Samoa and new Courts complex in Mulinuu housing the district, supreme, and land & titles courts (2010). The Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Building (2012) in Sogi, houses government ministries. Newer additions to Apia's skyline is the SNPF Molesi shopping mall is due to open in 2013, as is the new hospital at Motootua.

作家羅伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森在他人生最後的四年定居在阿皮亞，並於逝世後安葬於當地Vaea山，可以俯瞰阿皮亞市區及他生前的故居維利馬，現在當地已經成為博物館。

經濟

玻里尼西亞航空總部位於阿皮亞市的Samoa National Provident Fund大樓。 魚類及椰子核是該國主要出口品，而棉花、摩托車輛、肉類及糖則為主要進口品。

交通

File:Apia-Harbour.jpg

Apia Harbour

Airplane at the airport

阿皮亞港是薩摩亞目前最大且最忙碌的港口，載運各種貨物包括貨櫃、液化石油氣或燃料的國際船隻都可以在此停靠。阿皮亞港有渡輪航班可開往托克勞及美屬薩摩亞。

阿皮亞市有良好的道路網並保持良好的道路狀況，是由於當地交通流量並不高地關係，自2009年9月7日起，當地道路車輛從靠右行駛改為靠左行駛。 市區道路速限為25 mph (40 km/h) near the centre of town and 而郊區則為35 mph (56 km/h) in the rest of the country with a 15 mph (24 km/h) limit in special circumstances.

薩摩亞政府started the second phase of a major upgrading of arterial routes around the Apia Urban Area in 2012, with incremental widening of major roads around the city.

The country has no trains or trams, but is served with an extensive and privatised bus and taxi system. People commonly walk around the town, or even for some distances outside it. There are few bicycles and motorcycles, but traffic congestion due to a huge increase in vehicle ownership has necessitated a major upgrade in road infrastructure.

萨摩亚唯一的国际机场法莱奥洛国际机场位于阿皮亚以西约40分钟的路程。Fagali'i Airport, the small airstrip in Fagali'i, which was used for internal flights and some international flights to Pago Pago in American Samoa has now been reopened. The main international airport, Faleolo International Airport, is a 40-minute drive west of the city. Samoa's major domestic airlines, Polynesian Airlines and Samoa Air, service this airport.

通訊

Template:Out of date Telephone services are efficient with local, trunk and international dialing. Both BlueSky SamoaTel and Digicel operate mobile phone services with a high rate of mobile phone ownership in the country. Broadband internet services are available at various wifi hotspots around the city.

International internet services are served by fibre-optic cable (in service since May 2009) with a backup satellite link. Several internet service providers offer broadband and dial-up services. The previous dependency on satellite links meant that there were brief service disruption caused by the sun passing behind a satellite, or for longer periods during strong winds when the dishes need to be "parked" to secure them. In addition to private service subscriptions, multiple internet cafes are present in Apia.

教育

阿皮亞有相當數量的各級教育機構，範圍含蓋了學前、初等、中等到高等教育都有。 阿皮亞有薩摩亞唯一的大學－萨摩亚国立大学，此外南太平洋大学也在阿皮亞郊區的阿拉富阿設立校區，主教授農業方面課程。

大学

• 萨摩亚国立大学
• 南太平洋大学
• 大洋洲医科大学

学院

• Vaivase Tai萨摩亚学院
• Avele College, Avele
• Church College of Samoa, Pesega
• Faatuatua Christian College, Vaitele Fou
• Leififi College, Leififi
• Malua Theological College
• Maluafou College, Maluafou
• Saint Joseph's College, Alafua
• Assemblies of God Harvest Bible College, Lotopa
• Saint Mary's College, Vaimoso
• Samoa College, Vaivase Tai
• Fia Malamalama-i-Siulapa College (This is for special needs students)
• Samoa Adventist College, Lalovaea
• Robert Louis Stevenson College, Tafaigata
• Wesley College, Faleula
• Nuuausala College
• Paul Six College
• Chanel College, Moamoa

小學

大多數的村落有它們自己的小學，不過教會在阿皮亞市區設立許多小學。

• Marist Brother's School, Mulivai
• Saint Mary's School, Savalalo
• Peace Chaapel School, Vaimea
• Apia Baptist School, Aai o Niue
• Seventh-day Adventist Primary School, Lalovaea

體育

太平洋運動會

Apia hosted the Pacific Games in 1983 for the first time in both the city and the country's history. The Games returned to Apia for the 2007 Pacific Games, in which Samoa finished third. A crowd of 20,000 attended the 2007 Games closing ceremony, which took place at Apia Park.

職業足球

Apia hosted the Oceania region's qualification matches for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. As such, Apia was the location of the first goal scored in the 2010 qualifiers, by Pierre Wajoka of New Caledonia against Tahiti. The qualification matches commenced on 27 August 2007 and finished on 7 September 2007. All matches were played at the Toleafoa J.S. Blatter Complex, which is named after FIFA president Sepp Blatter.

The complex, based in Apia, is also the venue of the Samoa national football team's home matches and has a capacity of 3,500.

柔道

The capital also hosted the 2010 Judo World Cup Olympic Qualifier in November 2010. The competition saw judoka from Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the USA take part.

圖庫

• Samoa Parliament Building.jpg

  Samoa Parliament Building, Mulinu'u

• Samoa Court Complex Mulinuu.jpg

  Samoa Court Complex, Mulinu'u

• ACC Mall.jpg

  ACC Mall, Savalalo

• Apia Seawall.jpg

  Apia Harbour Waterfront, Taufusi

• Apia Marina at Night.jpg

  Apia Marina, Matautu

• Aquatic centre.jpg

  Samoa Aquatic Centre (SAC), Tuanaimato

• Samoa Aquatic Centre Main Pool.jpg

  SAC Main Pool, Tuanaimato

• Beach Road at Savalalo.jpg

  Downtown Savalalo

• Samoa Conference Centre.jpg

  Samoa Conference Centre

• Central Bank of Samoa.jpg

  Central Bank of Samoa, Eleele Fou

• FMFM II Bldg.jpg

  Fiame Mataafa Faumuina Mulinuu II Building, Eleele Fou

• Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Building.jpg

  Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Efi Building, Savalalo

• Samoatel Building.jpg

  Samoatel Building, Maluafou

參看

• 1889年阿皮亞風災

外部連結

• View of Apia, the Captial of Samoa, One of the Islands in the Pacific Ocean, From Harper's Weekly, 12 January 1895 by D.J. Kennedy, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania