1981年太平洋颱風季

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1981年太平洋颱風季

氣旋季總結圖
首個風暴
形成日期
2月14日
末個風暴
消散日期
12月28日
最強風暴 颱風伊瑪 (1981年) – 895hPa, 220 km/h (120 kt) (10分鐘平均風力)
熱帶低氣壓總數 35
熱帶風暴總數 29
颱風總數 13
超級颱風總數 2
死亡人數 1129
損失總數 未知
太平洋颱風季
1979 1980 1981 1982 1983
Cyclone Catarina from the ISS on March 26 2004.JPG 太平洋颱風季
主題頁 - 專題 - 編輯指南

1981年太平洋颱風季泛指在1981年全年內的任何時間,於赤道以北及國際換日線以西的太平洋水域,以及南中國海所產生的熱帶氣旋。雖然有關方面並沒有設下本颱風季的指定期限,但大部份於西北太平洋熱帶氣旋通常都會於五月十二月期間形成。

本條目的範圍僅侷限於赤道以北及國際換日線以西的太平洋及南海的水域。於赤道以北及國際換日線以東的太平洋水域產生的風暴則被稱為颶風,並被列入年太平洋颶風季。在西太平洋產生的熱帶風暴是由日本東京颱風中心命名,國際編號為81xx,而美國聯合颱風警報中心會把在該地區的熱帶低氣壓的編號以W字母作結。

凡進入或產生於菲律賓風暴責任範圍以內的熱帶低氣壓菲律賓大氣地理天文部門(PAGASA)都會為它們訂立一個菲律賓名稱,作當地警報用途;此外,由於中港澳採用同一翻譯名,而台灣之翻譯名字可能有所不同,因此同一個風暴可能會有2個不同的中文名字,及有時候會有兩個不同的英文名稱(國際名字及菲律賓名字)。

以下各熱帶氣旋資訊以熱帶氣旋存在期間的最強形態為準。

目录

熱帶氣旋 [编辑]

颱風法妮黛 [编辑]

颱風 (JMA
3級 颱風 (SSHS
持續日期 1981年3月11日1981年3月17日
強度 165 km/h (105 mph) (十分鐘), 945 hPa (毫巴)

法妮黛是在1981年第一個在西北太平洋形成的熱帶氣旋和自1959年來第四個在三月形成的颱風。在向西北方移動和緩慢地增強前,此擾動幾乎在附近的吉爾伯特群島停留不動數日。在3月11日早上它增強成一熱帶低氣壓。它在接下來的數日沿着副熱帶高壓脊的邊界緩慢增強。在3月14日法妮黛加快移動和增強成一個颱風。並以最大持續風速120千米(75英里)的強度吹襲威克島西部,島上的持續陣風,風力和波浪達到6米(20英尺)。當此颱風繼續向東北移動時,此氣旋開始減弱,而法妮黛便在3月17日被另一溫帶氣旋吸收了。[1]

強烈熱帶風暴杰拉爾 [编辑]

強烈熱帶風暴 (JMA
熱帶風暴 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年4月14日1981年4月20日
強度 110 km/h (70 mph) (十分鐘), 980 hPa (毫巴)

This cyclone initially formed in response to a mid to upper level cyclone southeast of Ponape on April 12. Thunderstorms developed near the upper level system, and an outflow pattern was present on satellite imagery, but a surface circulation did not materialize until April 15. The system became a tropical depression by that night. Steady intensification was seen until around midday on April 17 when a new upper level high formed to its east, inducing southerly vertical wind shear. Weakening began while the storm was located about 130千米(81英里) east of Guam late on April 18. Moderate to heavy rainfall did occur on the island, with 76.2毫米(3.00英寸) to 127毫米(5.0英寸) being measured. After passing Guam, the remaining thunderstorm activity sheared away, leaving a low-level swirl which moved northwest. The cyclone was absorbed by a system approaching in the main belt in the Westerlies on April 19.[1]

熱帶風暴郝麗 [编辑]

熱帶風暴 (JMA
熱帶風暴 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年4月29日1981年5月10日
強度 85 km/h (50 mph) (十分鐘), 995 hPa (毫巴)

A broad area of thunderstorm straddled the equator around the International Date Line beginning on April 21. A tropical system in the southern hemisphere was interacting with a strong system in the main belt of the Westerlies. Around this time, convective increased north of the equator, with a low level circulation forming near 4°N 169°E / 4°N 169°E / 4; 169 late on April 25. By midday on April 29 it had become a tropical depression as it continued to move westward. Holly became a tropical storm on April 30 and almost became a typhoon late on May 1. Southwesterly vertical wind shear began to weaken the cyclone thereafter, causing Holly to dissipate over the open Pacific ocean.[1]

強烈熱帶風暴艾克 [编辑]

強烈熱帶風暴 (JMA
1級 颱風 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年6月7日1981年6月14日
強度 110 km/h (70 mph) (十分鐘), 965 hPa (毫巴)

This cyclone formed in the South China Sea at the end of the monsoon transition season. Around noon on June 8 a broad area of lowered pressures was seen west of the Philippines. Moderate northeast wind shear displaced its mid-level center as far as 110千米(68英里) from the surface center, which retarded development. By midday on June 9, Ike strengthened into a tropical storm. On its closest approach to Hong Kong, winds gusted to 42节(78千米每小时) at Tate's Cairn.[2]

An upper trough in the main belt of the Westerlies moved across Asia, which turned Ike to the northeast. Intensification continued as it accelerated, and Ike became a typhoon late on June 12. The cyclone reached its peak intensity as it made landfall on the island of Taiwan. Weakening substantially over the mountainous island, Ike attempted slight tropical redevelopment before it became an extratropical cyclone late on the morning of June 14. Eight perished due to Ike, four from Taiwan and four from the Philippines.[1]

颱風琴茵 [编辑]

颱風 (JMA
1級 颱風 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年6月15日1981年6月22日
強度 130 km/h (80 mph) (十分鐘), 965 hPa (毫巴)

A tropical upper tropospheric trough (TUTT) was located over the Philippine Sea early in June. In response, a tropical disturbance formed in Palau. An upper cyclone to the disturbance's northeast led to development of the disturbance. As the TUTT cell moved to the disturbance's northwest, intensification sped up and a low level circulation center formed on June 15 about 320千米(200英里) north of Palau. By the afternoon of June 17, the cyclone had become a tropical storm. June tracked northwest towards Taiwan, and by late on June 19, had reached its maximum intensity as a typhoon. About 75千米(47英里) southeast of Taipei, June recurved to the north, and gradually weakened. While approaching Japan, the cyclone linked up with a frontal boundary and became an extratropical cyclone late on June 22.[1]

強烈熱帶風暴凱利 [编辑]

強烈熱帶風暴 (JMA
1級 颱風 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年6月28日1981年7月5日
強度 110 km/h (70 mph) (十分鐘), 975 hPa (毫巴)

A tropical disturbance organized into a tropical depression east of the Philippines on June 28. It tracked westward, reaching tropical storm on June 30 before hitting the central Philippines. Kelly weakened over the islands, but restrengthened in the South China Sea, attaining typhoon status on July 2. The typhoon hit southern Hainan Island on July 3, bringing wind gusts to 54节(100千米每小时) at Tate's Cairn in Hong Kong.[2] The cyclone then crossed the Gulf of Tonkin as a weakening tropical storm, and made landfall on northern Vietnam on July 4 as a tropical storm with maximum sustained winds of 35节(65千米每小时). Kelly dissipated the next day, after causing torrential flooding and mudslides, resulting in 200 casualties and leaving thousands homeless.[1]

強烈熱帶風暴林茵 [编辑]

強烈熱帶風暴 (JMA
熱帶風暴 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年7月1日1981年7月7日
強度 100 km/h (65 mph) (十分鐘), 985 hPa (毫巴)

On the morning of June 27, an area of enhanced thunderstorm activity was spotted just south of Ponape along a weak portion of the monsoon trough. As Tropical Storm Kelly led to some vertical wind shear over the system, the disturbance was slow to organize. A low pressure area formed late on June 29. By late on July 2, Kelly's negative influence on the disturbance abated, allowing for further development. Early on July 3, the system developed into a tropical depression, and by afternoon Lynn was a tropical storm. Previously moving at a fast pace to the west, the cyclone slowed as it passed by the northern fringe of the Philippines. Inflow from the South China Sea led to convection focusing in the terrain of the Philippines, which distorted Lynn's convective pattern. Lynn was the second tropical cyclone is three days to impact the Philippines. The cyclone took 30 hours to track across the northern portion of the archipelago.

It took until late on July 4 for the storm to recover from its Philippine interaction and redevelop a central dense overcast and quicken its pace to the west across Luzon. Turning northwest across the South China Sea, light to moderate easterly wind shear prevented Lynn's development into a typhoon. The cyclone struck Chuan-Tao, China early on July 7. Very heavy rainfall led to mudslides which took 22 lives and left tens of thousands homeless.[2][1] In Hong Kong, winds gusted to 78节(144千米每小时) at Tai O, and a total of 118.0毫米(4.65英寸) of rainfall was recorded at Cheung Chau.[2]

強烈熱帶風暴莫瑞 [编辑]

強烈熱帶風暴 (JMA
熱帶風暴 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年7月17日1981年7月20日
強度 95 km/h (60 mph) (十分鐘), 985 hPa (毫巴)

On the morning of July 14, satellite imagery revealed an area of convection about 205千米(127英里) north-northwest of Yap. By late on July 16, a mid-level center has formed in association with the thunderstorm complex, which was moving northwest. Ship reports indicated the system had become a tropical storm by the morning of July 18. Southwesterly vertical wind shear impacted Maury, which led to its tilting to the northeast with height. By early on July 19 the wind shear lessened, and the cyclone's structure improved. While approaching China, a strong ridge to its northwest deflected the storm on a more westerly heading, sending the center toward Taiwan. This ridge also led to weak east-northeasterly vertical wind shear, which halted development. By late on July 19, the cyclone's center moved ashore northern Taiwan. Heavy rains led to significant flooding and the loss of 38 lives.[2] Moving through the Formosa Strait as a weak tropical storm, Maury made a second landfall near Fu-Chou, China on the morning of July 20. Its remains were dragged southwest by an upper cyclone to its southeast back into the Gulf of Tonkin. By late on July 23, the circulation center moved back to the north near Yin-Chou, China and dissipated inland late on July 24. Its former thunderstorm activity decoupled from the surface center while still offshore and moved inland near Nam Dinh, Vietnam before dissipating over Laos late on July 24.[1]

熱帶風暴蓮娜 [编辑]

熱帶風暴 (JMA
熱帶風暴 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年7月22日1981年7月23日
強度 75 km/h (45 mph) (十分鐘), 992 hPa (毫巴)

The eastern portion of the large convective mass from Maury led to Nina's formation. It was first noted late on July 20 to the east of Taiwan. As it moved northwest around northern Taiwan late on the morning of July 22. By late afternoon a surface low formed with enough convective activity to be designated a tropical depression. Moving northwest at 12节(22千米每小时), the cyclone briefly became a tropical storm before nearly land and weakening back into a tropical depression. Early on the morning of July 23, its center made landfall northwest of Hsia-p'u, China before quickly dissipating in mountainous terrain inland.[1]

強烈熱帶風暴奧克頓 [编辑]

強烈熱帶風暴 (JMA
1級 颱風 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年7月27日1981年8月1日
強度 95 km/h (60 mph) (十分鐘), 975 hPa (毫巴)

An area of convection active for the previous 48 hours led to the formation of a low level circulation near 23°N 151°E / 23°N 151°E / 23; 151 early on July 27. Gradual intensification ensued, and the system developed into a tropical depression that evening, a tropical storm on July 28, and a typhoon by July 31 as it moved west-northwest. The cyclone struck southern Kyūshū, in Japan, early on July 31 which weakened the cyclone. The tropical storm then moved into the East China Sea which continuing to spin down. Upper level wind shear took its toll, leading to its weakening into a tropical depression and its ultimate dissipation in the Yellow Sea along the west coast of Korea.[1]

熱帶風暴11W [编辑]

熱帶風暴 (JMA
熱帶低氣壓 (SSHS
Counterclockwise vortex
持續日期 1981年7月31日1981年8月2日
強度 75 km/h (45 mph) (十分鐘), 990 hPa (毫巴)

Both Tropical Depression 11W and Tropical Storm Phyllis were associated with the same synoptic scale feature, similar to Maury and Nina. On July 30 the monsoon trough extended from the Northern Marianas islands southeast toward Palau. Two circulations were at opposite ends of the trough. Tropical Depression 11W formed north of Guam late on July 31. Moving northeast, the tropical depression experienced vertical wind shear as the upper anticyclone fostering development accelerated faster than the tropical depression. This led to dissipation by late morning on August 2.[1]

強烈熱帶風暴費莉絲 [编辑]

強烈熱帶風暴 (JMA
熱帶風暴 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年8月3日1981年8月4日
強度 100 km/h (65 mph) (十分鐘), 975 hPa (毫巴)

A second circulation along the monsoon trough which spawned Tropical Depression 11 was noted north of Palau. By late on August 3 it had developed into Tropical Storm Phyllis. Tracking northward at 11节(20千米每小时), the cyclone intensified slowly due to westerly vertical wind shear. Increased vertical wind shear from the southeast and cooler sea surface temperatures led to the decline of Phyllis late on August 4, and it dissipated as a tropical cyclone early on August 5. Its remains tracked northeast, merging with an extratropical cyclone offshore Japan. Eleven perished during Phyllis, with 22,500 people being left homeless across Japan.[2][1]

熱帶風暴羅伊 [编辑]

熱帶風暴 (JMA
熱帶風暴 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年8月3日1981年8月9日
強度 85 km/h (50 mph) (十分鐘), 985 hPa (毫巴)

The initial disturbance formed east of Vietnam during the first few days of August. By August 2, a low level circulation was present. Moving slowly to the north, the low pressure area developed central convection. By late on August 4, the disturbance strengthened into a tropical depression before reaching tropical storm strength on August 5. Easterly shear began soon afterwards, and Roy's circulation center became exposed well to the east of the main convection. This caused its subsequent weakening and dissipation before reaching Hainan Island. Winds gusted to 41节(76千米每小时) on the northwest side of Hong Kong's airport.[2][1]

強烈熱帶風暴蘇珊 [编辑]

強烈熱帶風暴 (JMA
熱帶風暴 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年8月6日1981年8月13日
強度 110 km/h (70 mph) (十分鐘), 980 hPa (毫巴)

The monsoon trough became well-established along 20 degrees north latitude. To the east of Phyllis, part of the monsoon trough shifted east towards Wake Island while the western portion moved north with Phyllis. Early on August 7, a tropical disturbance was noted about 110千米(68英里) north of Wake Island. During this time, Wake experienced gale-force winds and heavy rainfall. The low level center became exposed for a time, though gales continued. By late on August 8, convection at the edge of the surface low strengthened as the vertical wind shear weakened. At this point, the gale center was deemed to be a tropical cyclone, and was named Susan. The storm tracked north until reaching 30 degrees north latitude, before turning northwest towards a weak cold front. Early on August 11, Susan entrained cooler and drier air from behind the frontal zone which led to a significant reduction in thunderstorm activity. A warm core ridge building to its northeast forced the storm on a more west-northwest course, and as a second cold front approached, Susan recurved into the boundary, becoming an extratropical cyclone during the late morning of August 13.[1]

颱風賽得 [编辑]

颱風 (JMA
2級 颱風 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年8月15日1981年8月23日
強度 130 km/h (80 mph) (十分鐘), 955 hPa (毫巴)

An active monsoon trough spawned three tropical cyclones within 48 hours beginning on August 16. Thad was the first of the trio, initially noted on August 10 near 18°N 130°E / 18°N 130°E / 18; 130. On August 15, limited outflow was witnessed over its low level circulation. The system developed into a tropical depression late on August 16. Thad moved north and northeast, maturing into a typhoon by late morning on August 18. On August 22 Thad accelerated northward between a subtropical ridge to its east and a deepening shortwave to its west, striking eastern Japan with a forward motion near 45节(83千米每小时). Thereafter, the cyclone rapidly transitioned into an extratropical cyclone by late on August 23. Twenty died during Thad's passage of Japan.[2][1]

強烈熱帶風暴雲妮莎 [编辑]

強烈熱帶風暴 (JMA
熱帶風暴 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年8月16日1981年8月19日
強度 95 km/h (60 mph) (十分鐘), 980 hPa (毫巴)

This system developed about 110千米(68英里) south of Marcus Island near the merger of the monsoon trough and a sharp surface trough brought into the region by Susan. Thunderstorm activity increased in the area on August 12, the next system up the monsoon trough from Thad. Once Vanessa freed itself from nearby troughs of low pressure, it lost one of its primary outflow channels and its northeastward movement subsequently exposed the system to the main belt of the westerlies. Within two days of formation as a tropical cyclone, Vanessa was already devoid of convection and transitioning to an extratropical cyclone on the morning of August 19. The exposed surface circulation was tracked an additional couple days, merging with a mid-latitude system near 40°N 165°E / 40°N 165°E / 40; 165 on the morning of August 21.[1]

熱帶風暴華倫 [编辑]

熱帶風暴 (JMA
熱帶風暴 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年8月17日1981年8月20日
強度 65 km/h (40 mph) (十分鐘), 995 hPa (毫巴)

The initial disturbance which led to Warren's formation formed within the monsoon trough on August 14. Strong northeasterly wind shear halted further development for the next few days. By August 17 the vertical wind shear relaxed, and thunderstorms increased south of the center. Moving slowly westward, the system became a tropical storm on the afternoon of August 18. Warren tracked over Hainan Island, and into the Gulf of Tonkin. Intensification renewed, but maximum sustained winds leveled off at 45节(83千米每小时). The cyclone made its final landfall near Nam Dinh, Vietnam on August 20 and dissipated rapidly that evening.[1]

颱風愛娜斯 [编辑]

颱風 (JMA
2級 颱風 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年8月25日1981年9月1日
強度 150 km/h (90 mph) (十分鐘), 950 hPa (毫巴)

On August 23, a well-defined Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough moved westward from the International Date Line. On August 24, a surface cyclone developed in its vicinity near Wake Island. An extensive area of disorganized thunderstorm activity developed on its southwest side initially. As the convection moved westward, upper level outflow improved northeast of Guam. A well-defined mid-level cyclone passed just north of the island on the morning of August 26. A low level center began to form as the area moved northwest of Guam. By the early morning of August 27, a tropical depression had formed about 600千米(370英里) west-northwest of Guam. Development continued, and the system became a tropical storm that evening. Moving west-northwestward, Agnes became a typhoon on the morning of August 29. The following day, the intensifying typhoon passed 165千米(103英里) southwest of Okinawa. Entering a region of hostile northerly vertical wind shear, Agnes began to weaken. Its central convection was almost completely gone by the morning of September 2. Agnes remained well south of Korea until September 3, when it unleashed a torrent of rainfall, the heaviest of the 20th century up to that time, when 711.2毫米(28.00英寸) fell upon the peninsula. Agnes' remains passed through the Korea Strait into the Sea of Japan by September 4. A total of 139 lives were taken by Agnes.[2][1]

颱風比爾 [编辑]

颱風 (JMA
2級 颱風 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年9月2日1981年9月7日
強度 140 km/h (85 mph) (十分鐘), 960 hPa (毫巴)

The initial disturbance formed about 550千米(340英里) east-southeast of Marcus Island on September 1. A compact system, with an area of central convection 280千米(170英里) wide, Bill rapidly spun up into a tropical storm on September 3, and typhoon on September 4. Its central pressure was quite high for winds of that intensity due to the pressure gradient between the cyclone and the subtropical ridge to its northeast. The typhoon followed a classic parabolic track around the periphery of the subtropical ridge east of Japan, weakening back into a tropical storm on September 7. Rapid extratropical transition occurred as Bill interacted with the main belt of the Westerlies, and by midnight, Bill became an extratropical cyclone.[1]

颱風嘉麗 [编辑]

颱風 (JMA
4級 颱風 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年9月13日1981年9月22日
強度 185 km/h (115 mph) (十分鐘), 925 hPa (毫巴)

The monsoon trough spawned a tropical depression on September 13 well east of the Philippines. The depression moved to the west-northwest, strengthening into a tropical storm on September 16 and a typhoon on September 18. Clara rapidly intensified to peak winds of 120节(220千米每小时) on September 19 before brushing northern Luzon. Its circulation disrupted, Clara steadily weakened as it continued to the northwest, hitting southeast China on the 21st as a typhoon with winds of 70节(130千米每小时). In Hong Kong, winds gusted to 51节(94千米每小时) at Cheung Chau.[2] Clara caused extensive damage and 141 deaths,[2] leaving thousands homeless from the heavy rains.[1]

颱風杜爾 [编辑]

颱風 (JMA
1級 颱風 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年9月19日1981年9月23日
強度 130 km/h (80 mph) (十分鐘), 965 hPa (毫巴)

Like Bill, Doyle was a midget typhoon that spent its life out over the open Pacific ocean. Its initial disturbance was first detected near 25°N 178°E / 25°N 178°E / 25; 178 on September 18. The cyclone built down to the surface while moving westward, and Doyle became a tropical storm on the afternoon of September 20 and a typhoon the following day. Recurving around the subtropical ridge, Doyle accelerated rapidly northeastward, weakening over cool waters as it was merging with a frontal zone and becoming an extratropical cyclone during the early morning of September 24 near 39°N 172°E / 39°N 172°E / 39; 172.[1]

超級颱風愛茜 [编辑]

颱風 (JMA
5級 超級 颱風 (SSHS
持續日期 1981年9月24日1981年10月2日
強度 220 km/h (140 mph) (十分鐘), 895 hPa (毫巴)

The monsoon trough became diffuse on September 19 and September 20 in the wake of Typhoons Clara and Doyle. A small thunderstorm area formed near 8°N 150°E / 8°N 150°E / 8; 150 late on the morning of September 22, which slowly developed into a tropical depression early on September 25. Development was steady into a tropical storm later that day, a typhoon on the morning of September 26, and a super typhoon during the afternoon of September 27, maintaining that intensity into September 30. Elsie moved on a parabolic curve around the subtropical ridge to its northeast and east, moving offshore Japan as a typhoon on October 1 and October 2. By October 2, interaction with the upper trough which led to its recurvature also transitioned the typhoon into an extratropical cyclone.[1]

熱帶風暴費賓 [编辑]

熱帶風暴 (JMA
熱帶風暴 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年10月10日1981年10月14日
強度 85 km/h (50 mph) (十分鐘), 995 hPa (毫巴)

An area of active yet disorganized thunderstorm activity was located northeast of Palau on October 6. Moving westward over the next several days, there was little change in organization until is approached Samar Island. Passing over the Philippines, it lost what convection it did have near the center, yet let to very heavy rainfall and flooding though a surface circulation was not apparent. Once the disturbance entered the South China Sea, it redeveloped and reached tropical depression strength on the afternoon of October 13. It crossed the sea and struck Cam Ranh Bay, Vietnam. By October 15, the cyclone had dissipated inland.[1]

颱風姬伊 [编辑]

颱風 (JMA
2級 颱風 (SSHS
持續日期 1981年10月13日1981年10月23日
強度 155 km/h (100 mph) (十分鐘), 950 hPa (毫巴)

The system formed within a very large area of thunderstorm activity. The system originally had a large circulation center, which led to problems in fixing its center via satellite imagery. The development of a large eye on October 20 finally led to the tracking of a more definitive, well-defined, circulation center. The typhoon brought relief to drought conditions in Okinawa, when 150毫米(5.9英寸) of rainfall fell there are the circulation center of Gay moved by about 175千米(109英里) to their southeast. As it continued moving towards Japan, the center passed only 50千米(31英里) from Tokyo, bringing significant rainfall to central portions of the island archipelago. The typhoon ultimately merged with a second low pressure system moving eastward to the north of Japan.[1]

熱帶低氣壓 [编辑]

熱帶低氣壓 (HKO
Counterclockwise vortex
持續日期 1981年11月10日1981年11月11日
強度 55 km/h (35 mph) (十分鐘), 氣壓不詳

This system was recognized by the Hong Kong Royal Observatory. A tropical depression formed in the South China Sea on November 10, and moved inland into Vietnam the following day.[2]

颱風海瑟 [编辑]

颱風 (JMA
3級 颱風 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年11月12日1981年11月23日
強度 130 km/h (80 mph) (十分鐘), 955 hPa (毫巴)

A tropical disturbance developed along a trough east of Guam. Its circulation improved, and a low pressure center formed on November 13. It became a tropical depression by the morning of November 14, and a tropical storm that evening. Moving on a general westward track across the western Pacific, it moved over northern Saipan on the afternoon of November 15, bringing gusts approaching typhoon force. Hazen moved about 110千米(68英里) north of Guam before reaching typhoon strength on early on November 16. Its intensity fluctuated on November 17 and November 18 as Hazen interacted with a nearby frontal zone. Weakening as it neared the Philippines, Hazen moved just south of Catanduanes Island, entering the South China Sea. Never recovering from the mountainous archipelago, Hazen struck Vietnam about 280千米(170英里) east-northeast of Hanoi, and dissipated as it entered southeast China.[1]

超級颱風艾瑪 [编辑]

颱風 (JMA
4級 超級 颱風 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年11月17日1981年11月27日
強度 205 km/h (125 mph) (十分鐘), 905 hPa (毫巴)

Super Typhoon Irma developed from the near-equatorial trough on November 17. As a tropical depression, it headed westward, and steadily intensified, first to a tropical storm on November 19, later to a typhoon on November 20. Irma quickly strengthened on November 22 to a super typhoon with maximum winds of 135节(250千米每小时), but its outflow was disrupted by the Philippines to the southwest. Irma hit the northern Philippines on November 24 with maximum sustained winds of 85节(157千米每小时), and rapidly weakened over the country. As a weakened tropical storm, Irma turned northeastward, where it was absorbed by a cold front on November 27. A total of 409 fatalities[3] and $9 million in damage (1981 USD) can be attributed to the typhoon.[1]

熱帶風暴傑夫 [编辑]

熱帶風暴 (JMA
熱帶風暴 (SSHS
持續日期 1981年11月21日1981年11月26日
強度 75 km/h (45 mph) (十分鐘), 1000 hPa (毫巴)

A distinct surface circulation formed by November 18. Jeff became a tropical storm on November 23 on the heels of Irma and approaching Guam. It navigating through a break in the subtropical ridge and dissipated over cooler waters on November 26 due to increasing vertical wind shear well to the south of Japan.[1]

颱風吉蒂 [编辑]

颱風 (JMA
4級 颱風 (SSHS
持續日期 1981年12月9日1981年12月21日
強度 185 km/h (115 mph) (十分鐘), 925 hPa (毫巴)

A strong and long lived tropical cyclone for December, the initial low level center for the system formed southwest of Ponape on December 4. By December 7, it had moved southwest of Truk without further development. By the morning of December 10, its structure was improving, and by the next afternoon a tropical depressions had formed. Late on December 11, it had evolved into a tropical storm. A slow moving system, Kit shifted from the northwest to a westerly heading, passing just south of Guam without any further development. Intensification resumed on the following two days reaching its first peak in intensity on December 16. The storm moved sharply northward for a second time at a slow rate of motion before resuming its westward motion due to a northeast surge in the trade winds. Reintensification occurred as the upper trough to its north acted as an outflow channel. Kit reached its peak intensity on the evening of December 17 before increasing westerlies aloft began to weaken the cyclone. On December 20, the surface circulation began to emerge south of its central convection. Thereafter, Kit was steered the low-level flow to the south and southwest as a deck of stratocumulus. On December 21. Kit became a tropical depression once more and by afternoon no longer qualified as a tropical cyclone. Late on December 22, the low level cloud swirl moved into Mindanao before dissipating.[1]

颱風李尹 [编辑]

颱風 (JMA
2級 颱風 (SSHS
150px
持續日期 1981年12月22日1981年12月28日
強度 150 km/h (90 mph) (十分鐘), 950 hPa (毫巴)

While Kit was dissipating in the western Philippine Sea on December 21, a disturbed area of weather organized west of Truk. Strong northerlies previously diverted into Kit closed off a portion of the monsoon trough, with near gale-force winds wrapping around the convection. Development continued, and by the afternoon of December 22, the system became classified as a tropical depression. Tropical storm status was achieved that night. Moving west-northwest, Lee intensified rapidly into a typhoon on December 23 and reaching its peak intensity by December 24. Rapid weakening began as Lee crossed the Philippines, and the cyclone was once again a tropical storm by December 25. On December 28, all of the cyclone's convection was removed well east of the circulation center due to moderate to strong westerly vertical wind shear. Turning to the north, Lee dissipated as a tropical cyclone around 280千米(170英里) south of Hong Kong. A total of 188 perished during the cyclone's passage.[1][3]

風暴時間表 [编辑]

以下時間線列出本年度的颱風生成及消散時間,而各風暴的詳情可參見上面的章節。

1981年風暴名單 [编辑]

  • Andy
  • Bess
  • Cecil
  • Dot
  • Ellis
  • Faye
  • Gordon
  • Hope
  • Irving
  • Judy
  • Ken
  • Lola
  • Mac
  • Nancy
  • Owen
  • Pamela
  • Roger
  • Sarah
  • Tip
  • Vera
  • Wayne
  • Abby
  • Ben
  • Carmen
  • Dom
  • Ellen
  • Forrest
  • Georgia
  • Herbert
  • Ida
  • Joe
  • Kim
  • Lex
  • Marge
  • Norris
  • Orchid
  • Percy
  • Ruth
  • Sperry
  • Thelma
  • Vernon
  • Wynn
  • Alex
  • Betty
  • Cary
  • Dinah
  • Ed
  • Freda 1W
  • Gerald 2W
  • Holly 3W
  • Ike 4W
  • June 5W
  • Kelly 6W
  • Lynn 7W
  • Maury 8W
  • Nina 9W
  • Ogden 10W
  • Phyllis 12W
  • Roy 13W
  • Susan 14W
  • Thad 15W
  • Vanessa 16W
  • Warren 17W
  • Agnes 18W
  • Bill 19W
  • Clara 20W
  • Doyle 21W
  • Elsie 22W
  • Fabian 23W
  • Gay 24W
  • Hazen 25W
  • Irma 26W
  • Jeff 27W
  • Kit 28W
  • Lee 29W
  • Mamie
  • Nelson
  • Odessa
  • Pat
  • Ruby
  • Skip
  • Tess
  • Val
  • Winona

菲律賓熱帶氣旋命名法 [编辑]

菲律賓大氣地理天文部門 (PAGASA) 使用自己一套命名法,作於該國風暴責任範圍內的熱帶氣旋命名之用。與日本氣象廳不同,只要該熱帶氣旋會很間接地吹襲菲律賓或會影響周邊國家的話(不論強度高低),就會使用以下之熱帶氣旋名字。名單每四年循環再用,因此本年名單與1977年太平洋颱風季的名單相同黑體字表示今年已經使用過。

  • Atring
  • Bining 4W
  • Kuring 5W
  • Daling 6W
  • Elang 7W
  • Goring
  • Huling 8W
  • Ibiang 9W
  • Luming
  • Miling 13W
  • Narsing
  • Openg 15W
  • Pining 18W
  • Rubing 20W
  • Saling
  • Tasing 22W
  • Unsing 23W
  • Walding 24W
  • Yeyeng 25W
  • Anding 26W
  • Binang 27W
  • Kadiang 28W
  • Dinang 29W
  • Epang (未用)
  • Gundang (未用)

連結 [编辑]

  1. ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 Chapter XII — Summary of Tropical Cyclones. Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2000-06-26 [2009-10-21]. 
  2. ^ 引用错误:无效<ref>标签;未为name属性为HKO的引用提供文字
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 David Michael V. Padua. DEADLIEST TYPHOONS OF THE PHILIPPINES: (1947 - 2002). Retrieved on 2007-01-05.

參見 [编辑]