LGBT
LGBT(或GLBT)是女同性戀者(Lesbians)、男同性戀者(Gays)、雙性戀者(Bisexuals)與跨性別者(Transgender)的英文縮寫,在台灣地區則泛稱為「同志」。1990年代,由於「同性戀社群」一詞無法完整體現相關群體,「LGBT」的用法(最初為「LGB」)便應運而生、並逐漸普及[1]。在現代用語中,「LGBT」一詞十分重視性傾向與性別認同文化多樣性,除了狹義的指同性戀、雙性戀或跨性別族群,也可廣泛代表所有非異性戀者[1][2]。另外,也有人在詞語後方加上字母「Q」,代表酷兒(Queer)或對其性別認同感到疑惑的人(例如:「LGBTQ」)。
LGBT現今已獲得了許多英語系國家中多數LGBT族群和LGBT媒體的認同及採用,成為一種非常主流的用法[3][4]。
然而,「LGBT」的用法並非完全沒有爭議[5]。部分雙性人(Intersexuality)認為自己也屬於LGBT族群中,因此支持使用「LGBTI」[6][7]。另一方面,也有個別族群不認為自己和LGBT所涵蓋的其他族群有所關聯[8]。有人基於「同性戀分離主義」思想,認為男、女同性戀者應脫離其他族群、獨自成為另一個個別團體[8][9],而爭辯指跨性別和變性者沒有理由被歸入LGB族群[10]。有人則認為這些用語太過政治正確,企圖將多樣的族群劃入灰色地帶,意味著主流族群的問題和優先權獲得了平等的考量[10][11]。
[编辑] 變化
它有很多變化存在,包括了只是改變其字母的排列順序。如果沒有包含跨性別者時候,它就變成LGB。它也可能加入兩個Q來代表酷兒與疑性纞/流性纞(questioning),變成LGBTQ與LGBTQQ;加入一個I來代表雌雄同體者(intersexual),變成LGBTI;加入另一個T來代表變性者(transexual),變成LGBTT;加入一個A來代表支持同性戀的異性戀盟友(straight allies),變成LGBTA。如果以上全部都包含進去的話,就變成LGBTTIQQA,不過這種用法極為少見。須要注意的是,有些人認為變性者與雌雄同體者這兩個名詞可以用跨性別這個大名詞來涵蓋,然而許多變性者與雌雄同體者是反對這種觀點的(各有其不同的理由)。同直聯盟(Gay-Straight Alliance)組織常常使用LGBTQA來取代LGBT,最後兩個字母代表了異議者與異性戀盟友(直同志)。臺灣則有LGBTSQQ的用法,其中的S指的是「直同志(Tonzhi-Friendly Straight)」。
[编辑] 参见
[编辑] 參考資料
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Swain, Keith W.. Gay Pride Needs New Direction. Denver Post. 21 June 2007 [2008-07-05].
- ^ Shankle, Michael D.. The Handbook of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Public Health: A Practitioner's Guide To Service. Haworth Press. 2006, ISBN 1560234962 [2008-07-05].
- ^ The 2008 Community Center Survey Report: Assessing the Capacity and Programs of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Community Centers August 29, 2008, Terry Stone, CenterLink (formerly The National Association of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Community Centers).Report link
- ^ National Lesbian & Gay Journalists Association: Stylebook Supplement on LGBT Terminology, NLGJA 2008. Stylebook Supplement
- ^ Finnegan, Dana G.; Emily B. McNally. Counseling Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Substance Abusers: Dual Identities. Haworth Press. 2002, ISBN 1560239255, 9781560239253 [2008-07-05].
- ^ Aragon, Angela Pattatuchi. Challenging Lesbian Norms: Intersex, Transgender, Intersectional, and Queer Perspectives. Haworth Press. 2006, ISBN 1560236450 [2008-07-05].
- ^ Makadon, Harvey J.; Kenneth H. Mayer, Jennifer Potter, Hilary Goldhammer. The Fenway Guide to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health. ACP Press. 2008, ISBN 193051395X [2008-07-05].
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Bloodsworth-Lugo, Mary K.. In-Between Bodies: Sexual Difference, Race, and Sexuality. SUNY Press. 2007, ISBN 0791472213 [2008-07-05].
- ^ Mohr, Richard D.. Gays/Justice: A Study of Ethics, Society, and Law. Columbia University Press. 1988, ISBN 0231067356 [2008-07-05].
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Wilcox, Melissa M.. Coming Out in Christianity: Religion, Identity, and Community. Indiana University Press. 2003, ISBN 0253216192 [2008-07-05].
- ^ Halpin, Mikki. It's Your World--If You Don't Like It, Change It: Activism for Teenagers. Simon and Schuster. 2004, ISBN 0689874480 [2008-07-05].
- The LibraryThing Blog. Tags again: GLBT vs. LGBT. Published online.
- Safe Schools Coalition. Glossary. Published online.
- Religious Institute. "Time to Seek" Definitions. Published online.
- Stahl, S. Sorting the Alphabet Soup of Sexual Orientation and Identity: a Guide to LBGT Sources. Published online.
- 趙淑珠、郭麗安、劉安真. [1] 台灣教育部
\cos{}== 外部鏈接 ==
- Open Directory Project:同性恋与双性恋目录
- Open Directory Project:跨性别目录
- GLBTQ GLBT和酷兒文化百科全書
- Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender Rights before the European Court of Justice
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