钽的同位素
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标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) |
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钽(原子质量单位:180.94788(2))的同位素,有1个是稳定的,另一个180m
Ta
为天然存在的核异构体,理论上不稳定,但是半衰期只有下界。
图表[编辑]
符号 | Z( p ) |
N( n ) |
同位素质量(u) | 半衰期[n 1] | 衰变 方式[2][n 2] |
衰变 产物[n 3] |
原子核 自旋 |
相对丰度 (莫耳分率) |
相对丰度 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激发能量 | |||||||||
155 Ta |
73 | 82 | 154.97459(54)# | 13(4) µs [12(+4−3) µs] |
(11/2−) | ||||
156 Ta |
73 | 83 | 155.97230(43)# | 144(24) ms | β+ (95.8%) | 156Hf | (2−) | ||
p (4.2%) | 155Hf | ||||||||
156m Ta |
102(7) keV | 0.36(4) s | p | 155Hf | 9+ | ||||
157 Ta |
73 | 84 | 156.96819(22) | 10.1(4) ms | α (91%) | 153Lu | 1/2+ | ||
β+ (9%) | 157Hf | ||||||||
157m1 Ta |
22(5) keV | 4.3(1) ms | 11/2− | ||||||
157m2 Ta |
1593(9) keV | 1.7(1) ms | α | 153Lu | (25/2−) | ||||
158 Ta |
73 | 85 | 157.96670(22)# | 49(8) ms | α (96%) | 154Lu | (2−) | ||
β+ (4%) | 158Hf | ||||||||
158m Ta |
141(9) keV | 36.0(8) ms | α (93%) | 154Lu | (9+) | ||||
IT | 158Ta | ||||||||
β+ | 158Hf | ||||||||
159 Ta |
73 | 86 | 158.963018(22) | 1.04(9) s | β+ (66%) | 159Hf | (1/2+) | ||
α (34%) | 155Lu | ||||||||
159m Ta |
64(5) keV | 514(9) ms | α (56%) | 155Lu | (11/2−) | ||||
β+ (44%) | 159Hf | ||||||||
160 Ta |
73 | 87 | 159.96149(10) | 1.70(20) s | α | 156Lu | (2#)− | ||
β+ | 160Hf | ||||||||
160m Ta |
310(90)# keV | 1.55(4) s | β+ (66%) | 160Hf | (9)+ | ||||
α (34%) | 156Lu | ||||||||
161 Ta |
73 | 88 | 160.95842(6)# | 3# s | β+ (95%) | 161Hf | 1/2+# | ||
α (5%) | 157Lu | ||||||||
161m Ta |
50(50)# keV | 2.89(12) s | 11/2−# | ||||||
162 Ta |
73 | 89 | 161.95729(6) | 3.57(12) s | β+ (99.92%) | 162Hf | 3+# | ||
α (.073%) | 158Lu | ||||||||
163 Ta |
73 | 90 | 162.95433(4) | 10.6(18) s | β+ (99.8%) | 163Hf | 1/2+# | ||
α (.2%) | 159Lu | ||||||||
164 Ta |
73 | 91 | 163.95353(3) | 14.2(3) s | β+ | 164Hf | (3+) | ||
165 Ta |
73 | 92 | 164.950773(19) | 31.0(15) s | β+ | 165Hf | 5/2−# | ||
165m Ta |
60(30) keV | 9/2−# | |||||||
166 Ta |
73 | 93 | 165.95051(3) | 34.4(5) s | β+ | 166Hf | (2)+ | ||
167 Ta |
73 | 94 | 166.94809(3) | 1.33(7) min | β+ | 167Hf | (3/2+) | ||
168 Ta |
73 | 95 | 167.94805(3) | 2.0(1) min | β+ | 168Hf | (2−,3+) | ||
169 Ta |
73 | 96 | 168.94601(3) | 4.9(4) min | β+ | 169Hf | (5/2+) | ||
170 Ta |
73 | 97 | 169.94618(3) | 6.76(6) min | β+ | 170Hf | (3)(+#) | ||
171 Ta |
73 | 98 | 170.94448(3) | 23.3(3) min | β+ | 171Hf | (5/2−) | ||
172 Ta |
73 | 99 | 171.94490(3) | 36.8(3) min | β+ | 172Hf | (3+) | ||
173 Ta |
73 | 100 | 172.94375(3) | 3.14(13) h | β+ | 173Hf | 5/2− | ||
174 Ta |
73 | 101 | 173.94445(3) | 1.14(8) h | β+ | 174Hf | 3+ | ||
175 Ta |
73 | 102 | 174.94374(3) | 10.5(2) h | β+ | 175Hf | 7/2+ | ||
176 Ta |
73 | 103 | 175.94486(3) | 8.09(5) h | β+ | 176Hf | (1)− | ||
176m1 Ta |
103.0(10) keV | 1.1(1) ms | IT | 176Ta | (+) | ||||
176m2 Ta |
1372.6(11)+X keV | 3.8(4) µs | (14−) | ||||||
176m3 Ta |
2820(50) keV | 0.97(7) ms | (20−) | ||||||
177 Ta |
73 | 104 | 176.944472(4) | 56.56(6) h | β+ | 177Hf | 7/2+ | ||
177m1 Ta |
73.36(15) keV | 410(7) ns | 9/2− | ||||||
177m2 Ta |
186.15(6) keV | 3.62(10) µs | 5/2− | ||||||
177m3 Ta |
1355.01(19) keV | 5.31(25) µs | 21/2− | ||||||
177m4 Ta |
4656.3(5) keV | 133(4) µs | 49/2− | ||||||
178 Ta |
73 | 105 | 177.945778(16) | 9.31(3) min | β+ | 178Hf | 1+ | ||
178m1 Ta |
100(50)# keV | 2.36(8) h | β+ | 178Hf | (7)− | ||||
178m2 Ta |
1570(50)# keV | 59(3) ms | (15−) | ||||||
178m3 Ta |
3000(50)# keV | 290(12) ms | (21−) | ||||||
179 Ta |
73 | 106 | 178.9459295(23) | 1.82(3) a | ε | 179Hf | 7/2+ | ||
179m1 Ta |
30.7(1) keV | 1.42(8) µs | (9/2)− | ||||||
179m2 Ta |
520.23(18) keV | 335(45) ns | (1/2)+ | ||||||
179m3 Ta |
1252.61(23) keV | 322(16) ns | (21/2−) | ||||||
179m4 Ta |
1317.3(4) keV | 9.0(2) ms | IT | 179Ta | (25/2+) | ||||
179m5 Ta |
1327.9(4) keV | 1.6(4) µs | (23/2−) | ||||||
179m6 Ta |
2639.3(5) keV | 54.1(17) ms | (37/2+) | ||||||
180 Ta |
73 | 107 | 179.9474648(24) | 8.152(6) h | ε (86%) | 180Hf | 1+ | ||
β− (14%) | 180W | ||||||||
180m1 Ta |
77.1(8) keV | 观测上稳定[n 4] | 9− | 1.2(2)×10−4 | |||||
180m2 Ta |
1452.40(18) keV | 31.2(14) µs | 15− | ||||||
180m3 Ta |
3679.0(11) keV | 2.0(5) µs | (22−) | ||||||
180m4 Ta |
4171.0+X keV | 17(5) µs | (23,24,25) | ||||||
181 Ta |
73 | 108 | 180.9479958(20) | 观测上稳定[n 5] | 7/2+ | 0.99988(2) | |||
181m1 Ta |
6.238(20) keV | 6.05(12) µs | 9/2− | ||||||
181m2 Ta |
615.21(3) keV | 18(1) µs | 1/2+ | ||||||
181m3 Ta |
1485(3) keV | 25(2) µs | 21/2− | ||||||
181m4 Ta |
2230(3) keV | 210(20) µs | 29/2− | ||||||
182 Ta |
73 | 109 | 181.9501518(19) | 114.43(3) d | β− | 182W | 3− | ||
182m1 Ta |
16.263(3) keV | 283(3) ms | IT | 182Ta | 5+ | ||||
182m2 Ta |
519.572(18) keV | 15.84(10) min | 10− | ||||||
183 Ta |
73 | 110 | 182.9513726(19) | 5.1(1) d | β− | 183W | 7/2+ | ||
183m Ta |
73.174(12) keV | 107(11) ns | 9/2− | ||||||
184 Ta |
73 | 111 | 183.954008(28) | 8.7(1) h | β− | 184W | (5−) | ||
185 Ta |
73 | 112 | 184.955559(15) | 49.4(15) min | β− | 185W | (7/2+)# | ||
185m Ta |
1308(29) keV | >1 ms | (21/2−) | ||||||
186 Ta |
73 | 113 | 185.95855(6) | 10.5(3) min | β− | 186W | (2−,3−) | ||
186m Ta |
1.54(5) min | ||||||||
187 Ta |
73 | 114 | 186.96053(21)# | 2# min [>300 ns] |
β− | 187W | 7/2+# | ||
188 Ta |
73 | 115 | 187.96370(21)# | 20# s [>300 ns] |
β− | 188W | |||
189 Ta |
73 | 116 | 188.96583(32)# | 3# s [>300 ns] |
7/2+# | ||||
190 Ta |
73 | 117 | 189.96923(43)# | 0.3# s |
备注:画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明,只是理论推测而已,而用括号括起来的代表数据不确定性。
← | 同位素列表 | → |
铪的同位素 | 钽的同位素 | 钨的同位素 |
注释[编辑]
- ^ Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)
- ^ Abbreviations:
ε: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition - ^ Bold for stable isotopes
- ^ Only known observationally stable nuclear isomer, believed to decay by isomeric transition to 180Ta, β− decay to 180W, or electron capture to 180Hf with a half-life over 1.2×1015 years
- ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 177Lu
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-10-04]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
元素与同位素的稳定度 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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