SS 433

**SS 433**
	; 艺术家想像下的SS 433
观测资料; 历元 J2000.0 (ICRS)
星座	天鹰座
星官
赤经	19h 11m 49.56s
赤纬	+04° 58′ 57.8″
视星等（V）	13.0 - 17.3
特性
光谱分类	A7Ib
变星类型	食双星
天体测定
自行 (μ)	赤经：-2.853 mas/yr ; 赤纬：-4.570 mas/yr
视差 (π)	0.2161 ± 0.0626 mas
距离	18,000±700 ly ; (5,500±200 pc)
	轨道
绕行周期 (P)	13.082 d
偏心率 (e)	0.05 ± 0.01
倾斜角 (i)	79°
其他命名
	V1343 Aql、GAL 039.7-02.0、2MASS J19114957+0458578、USNO 659, 1A 1909+04、87GB 190920.8+045332、NEK 40.1-02.1、3A 1909+048、GPS 1909+049、RGB J1911+049、BWE 1909+0453, GRS 039.60 -01.80、RX J1911.7+0459、4C04.66、1H 1908+047、1RXS J191149.7+045857、2E 1909.3+0453、 HBHA 204-02、美国变星观测者协会 1906+04、2E 4204、INTEGRAL1 110、TXS 1909+048、1ES 1909+04.8、INTREF 969、4U 1908+05。
参考数据库
SIMBAD	资料

SS 433是观测到的最奇特恒星系统之一。它位于银河系，并且是一个食双星、X射线联星的系统，主星是恒星质量的黑洞^[5]，伴星的光谱表明它是一颗晚期的A型星^[7]。SS 433是第一个被发现的微类星体^[8]，它位于超新星遗迹W50的中心。

SS 433的命名来自凯斯西储大学的两位天文学家的首字母缩写：Nicholas Sanduleak和查尔斯·布鲁斯·斯蒂芬森（英语：Charles Bruce Stephenson）。这是他们编辑具有强大发射线的1977颗恒星目录中的第433个条目^[8]。

位置[编辑]

SS 433，也称为天鹰座V1343，位于银河系平面的5.5 kpc（l= 39.7°和b= -2.2°）

系统[编辑]

致密的中心天体正在吞噬伴星，伴星迅速失去质量，形成围绕中心天体的吸积盘。吸积盘在螺旋进入主星时受到极端加热，这种加热导致吸积盘沿着旋转轴发射强烈的X射线，并向吸积盘的上方和下方射出热氢喷流；喷流中的物质以光速的26%运动^[9]。伴星的质量可能比主星原本的质量低，因此寿命更长。估计它的质量介于太阳质量的3至30倍^[10]。从恒星的角度来看，主星和伴星在非常近的距离上相互绕行，轨道周期为13.082天。它们的轨道扁率非常轻微，但正以每秒6993100000000000000♠1.0×10⁻⁷角秒或每年3角秒的速率增加^[5]。

观测数据[编辑]

来自主星发射的喷流垂直于其吸积盘。喷流和吸积盘绕着一个与地球到SS433的直线呈79°的轴进动。喷流与轴线之间的夹角约为20°，进动周期约为162.5天^[11]。进动意味着喷流的指向有时朝向地球，有时远离地球的方向，在观察到的可见光谱中产生蓝色和红色多普勒频移 ^[9]。此外，进动意味着喷流在膨胀的空间中通过时，在膨胀的雾气中像螺旋开瓶器一样的前进^[12]。当它们撞击周围的超新星残骸云气时，它们会扭曲成拉长的形状^[13]。

SS 433 – 可能的超亮X射线源（英语：Ultraluminous X-ray source）（ULX ray source）

2004年，超长基线阵列对SS 433进行了连续42天的观测，获得的数据对喷流活动有新的理解。为喷气式飞机的行动提供了新的数据和理解。看起来，喷流有时会在创造后不久撞击物质使它们变亮。但喷流撞击的物质似乎在某些时候会替换，但并非总是如此，导致喷流的亮度产生变化^[14]^[15]。

SS 433的光谱不仅受到多普勒频移的影响，还受到相对论的影响：当减去多普勒频移的影响后，还存在对应于速度大约12,000公里/秒的红移量。这并不代表系统离开地球的实际速度；而是由于时间膨胀，使得移动的时钟在静止的观察者看来滴答作响得更慢。在这种情况下，在喷流中移动的激发原子似乎振动得更慢，因此它们的辐射看起来是红移的^[9]。

在2018年9月，A. U. Abeysekara等人在《自然》Nature （journal）|Nature]]发表使用'墨西哥的高海拔水切伦科夫天文台（英语：High Altitude Water Cherenkov Experiment）（HAWC）的研究结果。他们报告在空间上解析了波瓣，观察到超过25TeV的SS 433 / W50系统的太电子伏特的γ射线，并且与单个电子群一致，其能量在约16微高斯的磁场中至少扩展到数百个太电子伏特^[16]^[17]。

在流行文化中[编辑]

在周六夜现场的第四季（1979年），圭多·萨杜奇神父（英语：Father Guido Sarducci）提到了SS 433.^[18]。

参考资料[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013). VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 2009, 1: B/gcvs. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
^ Blundell, Katherine M.; Bowler, Michael G. Symmetry in the Changing Jets of SS 433 and Its True Distance from Us. The Astrophysical Journal. 2004, 616 (2): L159–L162. Bibcode:2004ApJ...616L.159B. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 11213274. arXiv:astro-ph/0410456 . doi:10.1086/426542.
^ Jeffrey, Robert. The remarkable outflows from the galactic microquasar SS433. ora.ox.ac.uk (DPhil论文) (University of Oxford). 2016 [2022-07-21]. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.730205. （原始内容存档于2020-10-25）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Cherepashchuk, A. M.; Belinski, A. A.; Dodin, A. V.; Postnov, K. A. Discovery of orbital eccentricity and evidence for orbital period increase of SS433. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 2021, 507 (1): L19–L23. Bibcode:2021MNRAS.507L..19C. arXiv:2107.09005 . doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slab083.
^ Watarai, Ken-ya; Fukue, Jun. Optical Light Curves of Luminous Eclipsing Black Hole X-Ray Binaries. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 25 April 2010, 62 (2): 467–474 [22 October 2021]. doi:10.1093/pasj/62.2.467.
^ Hillwig, T. C.; Gies, D. R.; Huang, W.; McSwain, M. V.; Stark, M. A.; Van Der Meer, A.; Kaper, L. Identification of the Mass Donor Star's Spectrum in SS 433. The Astrophysical Journal. 2004, 615 (1): 422–431. Bibcode:2004ApJ...615..422H. S2CID 17930915. arXiv:astro-ph/0403634 . doi:10.1086/423927.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 SS 433 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, David Darling, entry in The Internet Encyclopedia of Science, accessed on line September 14, 2007.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Margon, Bruce. Observations of SS 433. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1984, 22 (1): 507–536. Bibcode:1984ARA&A..22..507M. ISSN 0066-4146. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.22.090184.002451.
^ Cherepashchuk, A. M.; Sunyaev, R. A.; Fabrika, S. N.; Postnov, K. A.; Molkov, S. V.; Barsukova, E. A.; Antokhina, E. A.; Irsmambetova, T. R.; Panchenko, I. E.; Seifina, E. V.; Shakura, N. I.; Timokhin, A. N.; Bikmaev, I. F.; Sakhibullin, N. A.; Aslan, Z.; Khamitov, I.; Pramsky, A. G.; Sholukhova, O.; Gnedin, Yu. N.; Arkharov, A. A.; Larionov, V. M. INTEGRAL observations of SS433: Results of a coordinated campaign. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2005, 437 (2): 561–573. Bibcode:2005A&A...437..561C. S2CID 119395465. arXiv:astro-ph/0503352 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041563.
^ Cherepashchuk, Anatol. Observational Manifestations of Precession of Accretion Disk in the SS 433 Binary System. Space Science Reviews. 2002, 102 (1): 23–35. Bibcode:2002SSRv..102...23C. S2CID 115604949. doi:10.1023/a:1021356630889.
^ Gigantic Cosmic Corkscrew Reveals New Details About Mysterious Microquasar （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, press release, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, October 26, 2004, accessed on line September 14, 2007.
^ Murata, Kenji; Shibazaki, Noriaki. Interaction of Jets with a Supernova Remnant in the SS 433/W50 System. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 1996, 48 (6): 819–825. Bibcode:1996PASJ...48..819M. doi:10.1093/pasj/48.6.819 .
^ VLBA "Movie" Gives Scientists New Insights On Workings of Mysterious Microquasars （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, press release, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, January 5, 2004. Accessed online September 14, 2007.
^ Schillemat, K.; Mioduszewski, A.; Dhawan, V.; Rupen, M. Exploring the Jet Proper Motions of SS433. American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts. 2004, 205: 104.01. Bibcode:2004AAS...20510401S.
^ Abeysekara, A. U.; Albert, A.; Alfaro, R.; Alvarez, C.; Álvarez, J. D.; Arceo, R.; Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C.; Avila Rojas, D.; Ayala Solares, H. A.; Belmont-Moreno, E.; Benzvi, S. Y.; Brisbois, C.; Caballero-Mora, K. S.; Capistrán, T.; Carramiñana, A.; Casanova, S.; Castillo, M.; Cotti, U.; Cotzomi, J.; Coutiño De León, S.; De León, C.; de la Fuente, E.; Díaz-Vélez, J. C.; Dichiara, S.; Dingus, B. L.; Duvernois, M. A.; Ellsworth, R. W.; Engel, K.; Espinoza, C.; et al. Very-high-energy particle acceleration powered by the jets of the microquasar SS 433. Nature. 2018, 562 (7725): 82–85. Bibcode:2018Natur.562...82A. PMID 30283106. S2CID 52918329. arXiv:1810.01892 . doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0565-5.
^ Scientists discover new nursery for superpowered photons （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Space Daily, 2018-10-04
^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Father Guido Sarducci on Weekend Update - SNL. YouTube.

进阶读物[编辑]

Image SS 433
Strange gamma-ray heartbeat puzzles scientists （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） - article with video at DESY News

天球赤道座标： 19^h 11^m 49.56^s，+04° 58′ 57.6″

[dr2-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录

[gcvs-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013). VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 2009, 1: B/gcvs. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.

[asym-3] Blundell, Katherine M.; Bowler, Michael G. Symmetry in the Changing Jets of SS 433 and Its True Distance from Us. The Astrophysical Journal. 2004, 616 (2): L159–L162. Bibcode:2004ApJ...616L.159B. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 11213274. arXiv:astro-ph/0410456 . doi:10.1086/426542.

[jeffphd-4] Jeffrey, Robert. The remarkable outflows from the galactic microquasar SS433. ora.ox.ac.uk (DPhil论文) (University of Oxford). 2016 [2022-07-21]. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.730205. （原始内容存档于2020-10-25）.

[Cherepashchuk-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Cherepashchuk, A. M.; Belinski, A. A.; Dodin, A. V.; Postnov, K. A. Discovery of orbital eccentricity and evidence for orbital period increase of SS433. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 2021, 507 (1): L19–L23. Bibcode:2021MNRAS.507L..19C. arXiv:2107.09005 . doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slab083.

[Watarai-6] Watarai, Ken-ya; Fukue, Jun. Optical Light Curves of Luminous Eclipsing Black Hole X-Ray Binaries. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 25 April 2010, 62 (2): 467–474 [22 October 2021]. doi:10.1093/pasj/62.2.467.

[7] Hillwig, T. C.; Gies, D. R.; Huang, W.; McSwain, M. V.; Stark, M. A.; Van Der Meer, A.; Kaper, L. Identification of the Mass Donor Star's Spectrum in SS 433. The Astrophysical Journal. 2004, 615 (1): 422–431. Bibcode:2004ApJ...615..422H. S2CID 17930915. arXiv:astro-ph/0403634 . doi:10.1086/423927.

[darling-8] 8.0 ^8.1 SS 433 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, David Darling, entry in The Internet Encyclopedia of Science, accessed on line September 14, 2007.

[ara-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Margon, Bruce. Observations of SS 433. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1984, 22 (1): 507–536. Bibcode:1984ARA&A..22..507M. ISSN 0066-4146. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.22.090184.002451.

[10] Cherepashchuk, A. M.; Sunyaev, R. A.; Fabrika, S. N.; Postnov, K. A.; Molkov, S. V.; Barsukova, E. A.; Antokhina, E. A.; Irsmambetova, T. R.; Panchenko, I. E.; Seifina, E. V.; Shakura, N. I.; Timokhin, A. N.; Bikmaev, I. F.; Sakhibullin, N. A.; Aslan, Z.; Khamitov, I.; Pramsky, A. G.; Sholukhova, O.; Gnedin, Yu. N.; Arkharov, A. A.; Larionov, V. M. INTEGRAL observations of SS433: Results of a coordinated campaign. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2005, 437 (2): 561–573. Bibcode:2005A&A...437..561C. S2CID 119395465. arXiv:astro-ph/0503352 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041563.

[xxx-11] Cherepashchuk, Anatol. Observational Manifestations of Precession of Accretion Disk in the SS 433 Binary System. Space Science Reviews. 2002, 102 (1): 23–35. Bibcode:2002SSRv..102...23C. S2CID 115604949. doi:10.1023/a:1021356630889.

[12] Gigantic Cosmic Corkscrew Reveals New Details About Mysterious Microquasar （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, press release, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, October 26, 2004, accessed on line September 14, 2007.

[13] Murata, Kenji; Shibazaki, Noriaki. Interaction of Jets with a Supernova Remnant in the SS 433/W50 System. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 1996, 48 (6): 819–825. Bibcode:1996PASJ...48..819M. doi:10.1093/pasj/48.6.819 .

[14] VLBA "Movie" Gives Scientists New Insights On Workings of Mysterious Microquasars （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, press release, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, January 5, 2004. Accessed online September 14, 2007.

[15] Schillemat, K.; Mioduszewski, A.; Dhawan, V.; Rupen, M. Exploring the Jet Proper Motions of SS433. American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts. 2004, 205: 104.01. Bibcode:2004AAS...20510401S.

[16] Abeysekara, A. U.; Albert, A.; Alfaro, R.; Alvarez, C.; Álvarez, J. D.; Arceo, R.; Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C.; Avila Rojas, D.; Ayala Solares, H. A.; Belmont-Moreno, E.; Benzvi, S. Y.; Brisbois, C.; Caballero-Mora, K. S.; Capistrán, T.; Carramiñana, A.; Casanova, S.; Castillo, M.; Cotti, U.; Cotzomi, J.; Coutiño De León, S.; De León, C.; de la Fuente, E.; Díaz-Vélez, J. C.; Dichiara, S.; Dingus, B. L.; Duvernois, M. A.; Ellsworth, R. W.; Engel, K.; Espinoza, C.; et al. Very-high-energy particle acceleration powered by the jets of the microquasar SS 433. Nature. 2018, 562 (7725): 82–85. Bibcode:2018Natur.562...82A. PMID 30283106. S2CID 52918329. arXiv:1810.01892 . doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0565-5.

[2018-10-04_SD-17] Scientists discover new nursery for superpowered photons （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Space Daily, 2018-10-04

[18] Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Father Guido Sarducci on Weekend Update - SNL. YouTube.

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观测资料历元 J2000.0 (ICRS)
艺术家想像下的SS 433
星座	天鹰座
星官
赤经	19^h 11^m 49.56^s^[1]
赤纬	+04° 58′ 57.8″^[1]
视星等（V）	13.0 - 17.3^[2]
特性
光谱分类	A7Ib
变星类型	食双星^[2]
天体测定

自行 (μ)	赤经：-2.853 mas/yr 赤纬：-4.570 mas/yr
视差 (π)	0.2161 ± 0.0626^[1] mas
距离	7004180000000000000♠18,000±700 ly (7003550000000000000♠5,500±200^[3]^[4] pc)

轨道^[5]
绕行周期 (P)	13.082 d
偏心率 (e)	0.05 ± 0.01
倾斜角 (i)	79°
其他命名
V1343 Aql、GAL 039.7-02.0、2MASS J19114957+0458578、USNO 659, 1A 1909+04、87GB 190920.8+045332、NEK 40.1-02.1、3A 1909+048、GPS 1909+049、RGB J1911+049、BWE 1909+0453, GRS 039.60 -01.80、RX J1911.7+0459、4C04.66、1H 1908+047、1RXS J191149.7+045857、2E 1909.3+0453、 HBHA 204-02、美国变星观测者协会 1906+04、2E 4204、INTEGRAL1 110、TXS 1909+048、1ES 1909+04.8、INTREF 969、4U 1908+05。
参考数据库
SIMBAD	资料