TRPA1

瞬态感受器阳离子电压通道; A亚族第一成员
标识
代号	TRPA1; ANKTM1
扩展标识	遗传学：604775 鼠基因：3522699 同源基因：7189 IUPHAR: TRPA1 GeneCards: TRPA1 Gene
基因本体论描述
分子功能	· 离子通道活动; · 钙离子通道活动; · 通道活动;
细胞成分	· 膜质组分; · 嵌入质膜; · 质膜;
生物过程	· 离子转运; · 响应冷感; · 响应刺激; · 温度感应;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表达模式
	更多表达数据
直系同源体
	查; 论; 编;

瞬态电压感受器阳离子通道，子类A，成员1（简称TRPA1）是一种由人类基因TRPA1所编码的一种蛋白（其它生物由Trpa1基因所编码）^[1]^[2]。

功能[编辑]

TRPA1含有14个重复的N-端锚，属于瞬态电压感受器通道中的一种，它被认为起到机械压力感觉器官的作用^[3]。尽管目前对于该蛋白的具体功能尚不明确，然而有研究指出该蛋白涉及了信号转换的一个步骤，以及涉及了对细胞生长的控制^[4]。

最近的研究指出，TRPA1可以被多种活性化合物所激活，如丙烯基异硫氰酸酯、肉桂醛、法尼基硫代水杨酸、尼古丁及其结构类似物^[5]、福尔马林、过氧化氢、4-羟基壬烯醛以及丙烯醛。这一蛋白被认为是人体的一个化学感受器^[6]。通过研究发现，去除了Trpa1基因的实验鼠，对于能造成痛觉得福尔马林完全没有感觉^[7]^[8]。针对TRPA1的拮抗剂，对于缓解包括所有弗氏佐剂及福尔马林造成的炎症所引起的疼痛都是有效的。

虽然目前仍无法确切证明机体内的TRPA1对于有害的冷冻感觉起到了传导作用，然而近期的研究已明确表明至少在试管内TRPA1通道会因为冷冻而激活^[9]^[10]。

临床意义[编辑]

科学家们于2008年发现，咖啡因会抑制人类TRPA1通道的活性，然而实验鼠感觉神经上的TRPA1通道却会引起对含咖啡因饮料的抗拒，这暗示着该通道能传导对咖啡因的知觉^[11]。除此之外，某些烟民在使用尼古丁替代疗法来戒烟时，会出现皮肤刺激感甚至过敏，也和TRPA1通道不无关系。^[12]

引用[编辑]

^ Jaquemar D, Schenker T, Trueb B. An ankyrin-like protein with transmembrane domains is specifically lost after oncogenic transformation of human fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. March 1999, 274 (11): 7325–33. PMID 10066796. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.11.7325.
^ Clapham DE, Julius D, Montell C, Schultz G. International Union of Pharmacology. XLIX. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of transient receptor potential channels. Pharmacol. Rev. December 2005, 57 (4): 427–50. PMID 16382100. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.6.
^ García-Añoveros J, Nagata K. TRPA1. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2007, (179): 347–62. PMID 17217068. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-34891-7_21.
^ Entrez Gene: TRPA1 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1.
^ 合成 (PDF). [2009-12-07]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-10-18）.
^ Tai C, Zhu S, Zhou N. TRPA1: the central molecule for chemical sensing in pain pathway?. J. Neurosci. January 2008, 28 (5): 1019–21. PMID 18234879. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5237-07.2008.
^ McNamara CR, Mandel-Brehm J, Bautista DM; et al. TRPA1 mediates formalin-induced pain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. August 2007, 104 (33): 13525–30. PMC 1941642 . PMID 17686976. doi:10.1073/pnas.0705924104.
^ McMahon SB, Wood JN. Increasingly irritable and close to tears: TRPA1 in inflammatory pain. Cell. March 2006, 124 (6): 1123–5. PMID 16564004. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.006.
^ Sawada Y, Hosokawa H, Hori A, Matsumura K, Kobayashi S. Cold sensitivity of recombinant TRPA1 channels. Brain Res. July 2007, 1160: 39–46. PMID 17588549. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.05.047.
^ Klionsky L, Tamir R, Gao B; et al. Species-specific pharmacology of Trichloro(sulfanyl)ethyl benzamides as transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonists. Mol Pain. 2007, 3: 39. PMC 2222611 . PMID 18086308. doi:10.1186/1744-8069-3-39.
^ Nagatomo K, Kubo Y. Caffeine activates mouse TRPA1 channels but suppresses human TRPA1 channels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. November 2008. PMID 18988737. doi:10.1073/pnas.0809769105.
^ Talavera K, Gees M, Karashima Y; et al. Nicotine activates the chemosensory cation channel TRPA1. Nature Neuroscience. September 2009. doi:10.1038/nn.2379.

外部链接[编辑]

医学主题词表（MeSH）：TRPA1+protein,+human

[pmid10066796-1] Jaquemar D, Schenker T, Trueb B. An ankyrin-like protein with transmembrane domains is specifically lost after oncogenic transformation of human fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. March 1999, 274 (11): 7325–33. PMID 10066796. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.11.7325.

[pmid16382100-2] Clapham DE, Julius D, Montell C, Schultz G. International Union of Pharmacology. XLIX. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of transient receptor potential channels. Pharmacol. Rev. December 2005, 57 (4): 427–50. PMID 16382100. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.6.

[pmid17217068-3] García-Añoveros J, Nagata K. TRPA1. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2007, (179): 347–62. PMID 17217068. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-34891-7_21.

[4] Entrez Gene: TRPA1 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1.

[5] 合成 (PDF). [2009-12-07]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-10-18）.

[6] Tai C, Zhu S, Zhou N. TRPA1: the central molecule for chemical sensing in pain pathway?. J. Neurosci. January 2008, 28 (5): 1019–21. PMID 18234879. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5237-07.2008.

[7] McNamara CR, Mandel-Brehm J, Bautista DM; et al. TRPA1 mediates formalin-induced pain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. August 2007, 104 (33): 13525–30. PMC 1941642 . PMID 17686976. doi:10.1073/pnas.0705924104.

[8] McMahon SB, Wood JN. Increasingly irritable and close to tears: TRPA1 in inflammatory pain. Cell. March 2006, 124 (6): 1123–5. PMID 16564004. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.006.

[9] Sawada Y, Hosokawa H, Hori A, Matsumura K, Kobayashi S. Cold sensitivity of recombinant TRPA1 channels. Brain Res. July 2007, 1160: 39–46. PMID 17588549. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.05.047.

[10] Klionsky L, Tamir R, Gao B; et al. Species-specific pharmacology of Trichloro(sulfanyl)ethyl benzamides as transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonists. Mol Pain. 2007, 3: 39. PMC 2222611 . PMID 18086308. doi:10.1186/1744-8069-3-39.

[pmid18988737-11] Nagatomo K, Kubo Y. Caffeine activates mouse TRPA1 channels but suppresses human TRPA1 channels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. November 2008. PMID 18988737. doi:10.1073/pnas.0809769105.

[12] Talavera K, Gees M, Karashima Y; et al. Nicotine activates the chemosensory cation channel TRPA1. Nature Neuroscience. September 2009. doi:10.1038/nn.2379.

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