基底膜

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基底膜
基底膜及上皮表示图
图像展示了口腔黏膜内层的基底膜,它将上皮组织内层与疏松的结缔组织层的lamina propria分开。
标识字符
拉丁文membrana basalis
MeSHD001485
THH2.00.00.0.00005
FMAFMA:63872
显微解剖学术语英语Anatomical terms of microanatomy

基底膜basement membrane)又称基膜[1]底膜[2],以区别耳蜗之基底膜(basilar membrane),是一层特化薄而柔韧的胞外基质(无细胞薄膜状结构),位于上皮细胞基底面与深部结缔组织间,可提供细胞和组织支持并充当复杂信号传导的平台[3][4][5]

组成[编辑]

基底膜是由基板[6](basal lamina)及网板英语reticular lamina[7](reticular lamina)两者所组合而成。两者以固定纤维英语anchoring fibrils(anchoring fibrils)(第七型胶原蛋白)和纤维蛋白原紧密结合。[8]

基板又可以再分为两层,较清澈且较靠近上皮的称为透明层英语lamina lucida(lamina lucida),较致密且较靠近连结组织的称为致密层英语lamina densa(lamina densa)。致密层由基底膜聚糖英语perlecan构成[9],厚度约30~70奈米之间,上下有第四型胶原蛋白构成纤维(平均直径约30奈米)所组成的网状组织(约0.1~0.2奈米厚)加以固定。

基底膜的构造如下:

  • 上皮组织(外层)

  • 基底膜(basement membrane)
    • 基板(basal lamina)
      • 透明板(lamina lucida)
        • 板素(laminin)
        • 插入素(integrin)
        • entactins
        • dystroglycans
      • 致密层(lamina densa)
    • 附加蛋白:(基板及网板之间)
      • 第七型胶原蛋白(type VII collagen):固定蛋白
      • 纤维蛋白原(微纤丝)
    • 网状板(lamina reticularis)
      • 第三型胶原蛋白(type III collagen)

  • 结缔组织(内部)

功能[编辑]

疾病[编辑]

部分基底膜的疾病是由于功能衰竭,可能导因于基因缺陷、受伤、免疫系统退化或其他原因。[13]

参考[编辑]

注释[编辑]

  1. ^ https://www.termonline.cn/search?searchText=basement+membrane
  2. ^ https://terms.naer.edu.tw/search/?csrfmiddlewaretoken=YvffT1CPco0uFHrpEwcVs0vyDg7A61rFJlWQkcGGcqyev6Nz4XRlkdxVFD8dKXu6&match_type=phrase&query_op=&query_field=title&query_term=basement+membrane
  3. ^ Pozzi A, Yurchenco PD, Iozzo RV. The nature and biology of basement membranes. Matrix Biology. January 2017, 57–58: 1–11. PMC 5387862可免费查阅. PMID 28040522. doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2016.12.009. 
  4. ^ Sekiguchi R, Yamada KM. Basement Membranes in Development and Disease. Current Topics in Developmental Biology. 2018, 130: 143–191. ISBN 9780128098028. PMC 6701859可免费查阅. PMID 29853176. doi:10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.02.005. 
  5. ^ Kierszenbaum, Abraham; Tres, Laura. Histology and Cell Biology, An Introduction to Pathology 3rd. Elsevier. 2012. ISBN 978-0-323-07842-9. 
  6. ^ https://www.termonline.cn/search?searchText=basal+lamina
  7. ^ https://www.termonline.cn/search?searchText=reticular+lamina
  8. ^ Paulsson M. Basement membrane proteins: structure, assembly, and cellular interactions. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 1992, 27 (1-2): 93–127 [2013-02-05]. PMID 1309319. doi:10.3109/10409239209082560. (原始内容存档于2014-04-07). 
  9. ^ Noonan DM, Fulle A, Valente P; et al. The complete sequence of perlecan, a basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, reveals extensive similarity with laminin A chain, low density lipoprotein-receptor, and the neural cell adhesion molecule. J. Biol. Chem. December 1991, 266 (34): 22939–47 [2013-02-05]. PMID 1744087. (原始内容存档于2020-04-18). 
  10. ^ Noonan DM, Fulle A, Valente P; et al. The complete sequence of perlecan, a basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, reveals extensive similarity with laminin A chain, low density lipoprotein-receptor, and the neural cell adhesion molecule. J. Biol. Chem. December 1991, 266 (34): 22939–47 [2013-02-05]. PMID 1744087. (原始内容存档于2020-04-18). 
  11. ^ Liotta LA, Tryggvason K, Garbisa S, Hart I, Foltz CM, Shafie S. Metastatic potential correlates with enzymatic degradation of basement membrane collagen. Nature. March 1980, 284 (5751): 67–8 [2013-02-13]. PMID 6243750. doi:10.1038/284067a0. (原始内容存档于2017-06-20). 
  12. ^ Kubota Y, Kleinman HK, Martin GR, Lawley TJ. Role of laminin and basement membrane in the morphological differentiation of human endothelial cells into capillary-like structures. J. Cell Biol. October 1988, 107 (4): 1589–98 [2013-02-13]. PMC 2115245可免费查阅. PMID 3049626. doi:10.1083/jcb.107.4.1589. (原始内容存档于2020-05-26). 
  13. ^ Henig, Robin Marantz. What’s Wrong With Summer Stiers?. New York Times. February 22, 2009 [2013-02-13]. (原始内容存档于2014-05-09). 
  14. ^ Janeway, Charles; Janeway, Charles A. Immunobiology 5th. Garland. 2001. ISBN 978-0-8153-3642-6. 

参考文献[编辑]