当选教宗斯德望

德范
Electus Stephanus PP.
当选教宗; 德范; Electus Stephanus PP.
就任	752年3月23日
卸任	752年3月26日
前任	圣匝加
继任	德范二世
个人资料
本名	德范
逝世	752年3月26日; 罗马

当选教宗德范（拉丁语：Electus Stephanus PP.；？—752年3月25日）本名不可考，是一位被选为教宗的罗马神父。他于752年3月23日当选教宗，作为圣匝加的继位者。他是历任教宗在位最短的一个，只有仅仅三天，之后因为中风而突然离世。由于时间太短，使他未能在死前赶及进行主教祝圣仪式^[1]^[2]，使得许多天主教历史（英语：History of the Catholic Church）书籍不承认他为教宗，称下任教宗德范三世为德范二世。在745年，圣匝加提拔他为圣基所恭圣殿领衔堂区的枢机，该领衔堂区后来由洛林枢机弗雷德里克（英语：Cardinal Frederick of Lorraine）接任，他后来成为教宗德范九世。

在《宗座年鉴》中提到德范二世（三世）时，附有一道注释：“圣匝加死时，罗马神父德范被选为新教宗，但是，由于他隔四天后便死亡，未及参加他的‘奉献礼’，根据《天主教法典》此时其任职才真正生效，因此其姓名没有登记在宗座书籍上，亦不见于其他教宗列表。”^[3]

从752年到942年，有八位名为德范的人被选为教宗，包括当选教宗德范，但仅七位有实际统治。统治序数（英语：Regnal number）在十世纪前没有用于教宗，因此附于其名后的编号都是经由追赠加上的。在名字后附加编号成为惯例后，第一位名为德范的教宗是德范九世，他一生中所有的文献签名都是“教宗德范九世（Stephanus Papa Nonus）”。

然而后来直到1975年10月1日还有效的教会法^[4]，都把当选当下视为某人成为教宗的时刻，因此德范便被时代错误地称作教宗德范二世。有些作者，但并非全部，从而把之后所有名为德范的教宗编号增加了一位，使得由德范三世至德范十世的八位教宗也分别顺序称为德范二世至德范九世。1961年，他的名字被从《宗座年鉴》中移除^[5]。

编号上的分歧也使得这些教宗有两种编号，所以他们有时也会写成教宗德范二世（三世）－九世（十世）。这种做法见于《天主教百科全书》^[6]、《宗座年鉴》^[3]以及《大英百科全书》^[7]。

参见[编辑]

参考资料[编辑]

^ Horace Mann, "Pope Stephen II" in Catholic Encyclopedia (New York 2013). [2015-09-01]. （原始内容存档于2012-06-22）.
^ History's great untold stories: larger than life characters & dramatic ... （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） By Joseph Cummins. National Geographic Books. p. 13.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Annuario Pontificio 2012 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012 ISBN 978-88-209-8722-0), p. 11*
^ On that date, Pope Paul VI changed the law, laying down in his apostolic constitution Romano Pontifici eligendo （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） that (to quote an English version of the document （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）), "88. After his acceptance, the person elected, if he be a bishop, is straightway bishop of Rome, true pope, and head of the episcopal college. He possesses and can exercise full and supreme power over the universal Church. If, however, the elected person does not possess the episcopal character, he is to be immediately ordained a bishop." Pope Paul VI's change of the law was incorporated into the 1983 Code of Canon Law （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）: "Can. 332 §1 The Roman Pontiff acquires full and supreme power in the Church when, together with episcopal consecration, he has been lawfully elected and has accepted the election. Accordingly, if he already has the episcopal character, he receives this power from the moment he accepts election to the supreme pontificate. If he does not have the episcopal character, he is immediately to be ordained Bishop."
^ Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes (Harper Collins 2013 ISBN 978-0-06228834-9), p. 121. [2015-09-01]. （原始内容存档于2016-09-22）.
^ For instance, Pope Stephen II (III) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ Encyclopaedia Britannica, 14 pages in volume 17. [2015-09-01]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-22）.

[CE-1] Horace Mann, "Pope Stephen II" in Catholic Encyclopedia (New York 2013). [2015-09-01]. （原始内容存档于2012-06-22）.

[2] History's great untold stories: larger than life characters & dramatic ... （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） By Joseph Cummins. National Geographic Books. p. 13.

[AP2012-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Annuario Pontificio 2012 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012 ISBN 978-88-209-8722-0), p. 11*

[4] On that date, Pope Paul VI changed the law, laying down in his apostolic constitution Romano Pontifici eligendo （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） that (to quote an English version of the document （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）), "88. After his acceptance, the person elected, if he be a bishop, is straightway bishop of Rome, true pope, and head of the episcopal college. He possesses and can exercise full and supreme power over the universal Church. If, however, the elected person does not possess the episcopal character, he is to be immediately ordained a bishop." Pope Paul VI's change of the law was incorporated into the 1983 Code of Canon Law （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）: "Can. 332 §1 The Roman Pontiff acquires full and supreme power in the Church when, together with episcopal consecration, he has been lawfully elected and has accepted the election. Accordingly, if he already has the episcopal character, he receives this power from the moment he accepts election to the supreme pontificate. If he does not have the episcopal character, he is immediately to be ordained Bishop."

[5] Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes (Harper Collins 2013 ISBN 978-0-06228834-9), p. 121. [2015-09-01]. （原始内容存档于2016-09-22）.

[6] For instance, Pope Stephen II (III) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[7] Encyclopaedia Britannica, 14 pages in volume 17. [2015-09-01]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-22）.

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