爱尔兰—英国关系

爱尔兰－英国关系泛指爱尔兰和英国的一切双边关系与交流。英国的权力下放政府，苏格兰、威尔斯和北爱尔兰，^[1]以及曼岛、泽西岛和根息岛，也参与了两国间的多边关系。^[2]但对于国际关系中而言，属地是英国的一部分，他们依然代表英国政府。^[3]

17世纪初期，开始建立了政治上的联系，并于1801年建立大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国后达到高峰。1922年时爱尔兰岛上大部分土地脱离了联合王国，并成立了爱尔兰自由邦。从历史上看，两国间的关系严重受到共同历史因素所困扰，爱尔兰自由邦的独立和北爱尔兰的统治问题。包括爱尔兰分区划分与爱尔兰的分裂条款，及后来演并成北爱尔兰政治暴力事件，与宪法关系和对英国的义务的条款。此外，两国间的大量贸易，以及极其相似的地理位置、共同的历史和密切的文化和个人连结，意味著这两个国家政治发展往往追随对方。

爱尔兰和英国在1973年加入了欧盟（当时为欧洲共同体）。然而，英国的三个皇家属地，即曼岛、泽西以及根西，仍然在欧盟之外。 2011年5月，英女皇伊丽莎白二世对爱尔兰展开爱尔兰独立以来的首次访问。2016年6月，英国举行了全民投票，其中多数投票决定离开欧盟；但北爱尔兰的大多数选民投票支持留在欧盟。

国家比较[编辑]


	爱尔兰	英国
国徽
国旗
人口	4,757,976（2016年普查）	65,110,000（2016年预估）
面积	70,273 km²	243,610 km²
人口密度	67.7/km²	255.6/km²
首都	都柏林	伦敦
最大城市	都柏林	伦敦
政府体制	单一制议会制宪共和国	单一制议会君主立宪制
首任领导人	国家元首：道格拉斯·海德政府首脑：威廉·托马斯·科斯格雷夫	国家元首：爱德华七世政府首脑：罗伯特·沃波尔
现任领导人	爱尔兰总统：麦克·希金斯爱尔兰总理：利奥·瓦拉德卡	英国君主：查尔斯三世英国首相：里希·苏纳克
语言	爱尔兰语（36%）与英语（99%）（事实上与法律上）	英语（98%）（事实上）
宗教	84.2％天主教，6.2％无宗教，4.6％新教，2.8％其他，1.1％伊斯兰教	59.3％新教与天主教，25.1％无宗教，7.2％未知，4.8％伊斯兰教， 1.5％印度教，0.8％锡克教，0.5％犹太教，0.4％佛教
地图

参考文献[编辑]

^ Guidance for users. UK Treaties Online. London: Foreign and Commonwealth Office. 2012 [30 May 2012]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-03）. The database includes the names of the Overseas Territories and the Crown Dependencies of the United Kingdom which have been specifically included in the UK’s treaty obligations, either at the time of ratification or accession, or subsequently.
^ Turpin, Colin; Tomkins, Adam, British Government and the Constitution: Text and Materials Law in Context 6, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 242, 2007, ISBN 0521690293, The United Kingdom and Irish Governments agreed in 1999 on the establishment of a North-South Ministerial Council in accordance with Strand Two of the Belfast Agreement. (See Agreement on the North/South Ministerial Council, CM 4708/2000.)
…
The British and Irish Governments also agreed in 1999 on the establishment of a British-Irish Council, in accordance with Strand Three of the Belfast Agreement and as a concession to Unionist concerns about an institutionalised participation of the Republic of Ireland in the affairs of the Province. (See Cm 4710/2000.) This Council comprises representatives of the British and Irish Governments, of the devolved administrations in Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, and of the three Crown dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man.
^ Anthony Wilfred Bradley; Keith D. Ewing, Constitutional and Administrative Law, Volume 1 14, Harlow: Pearson Education: 33, 323, 2007, ISBN 1405812079, In law, the expression 'United Kingdom' refers to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man. For the purposes of international relations, however, the Channel islands and the Isle of Man are represented by the UK government.
…
International law has the primary function of regulating the relations of independent, sovereign states with one another. For this purpose the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the state, with authority to act also for its dependent possessions, such as the Channel Islands, the Isle of Man and its surviving overseas territories, such as Gibraltar, none of which is a state at international law.

[1] Guidance for users. UK Treaties Online. London: Foreign and Commonwealth Office. 2012 [30 May 2012]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-03）. The database includes the names of the Overseas Territories and the Crown Dependencies of the United Kingdom which have been specifically included in the UK’s treaty obligations, either at the time of ratification or accession, or subsequently.

[2] Turpin, Colin; Tomkins, Adam, British Government and the Constitution: Text and Materials Law in Context 6, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 242, 2007, ISBN 0521690293, The United Kingdom and Irish Governments agreed in 1999 on the establishment of a North-South Ministerial Council in accordance with Strand Two of the Belfast Agreement. (See Agreement on the North/South Ministerial Council, CM 4708/2000.)
…
The British and Irish Governments also agreed in 1999 on the establishment of a British-Irish Council, in accordance with Strand Three of the Belfast Agreement and as a concession to Unionist concerns about an institutionalised participation of the Republic of Ireland in the affairs of the Province. (See Cm 4710/2000.) This Council comprises representatives of the British and Irish Governments, of the devolved administrations in Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, and of the three Crown dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man.

[bradley-3] Anthony Wilfred Bradley; Keith D. Ewing, Constitutional and Administrative Law, Volume 1 14, Harlow: Pearson Education: 33, 323, 2007, ISBN 1405812079, In law, the expression 'United Kingdom' refers to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man. For the purposes of international relations, however, the Channel islands and the Isle of Man are represented by the UK government.
…
International law has the primary function of regulating the relations of independent, sovereign states with one another. For this purpose the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the state, with authority to act also for its dependent possessions, such as the Channel Islands, the Isle of Man and its surviving overseas territories, such as Gibraltar, none of which is a state at international law.

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