布里卡纳龙属

布里卡纳龙属; 化石时期：晚三叠世诺利阶; 210 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ▼
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目：	恐龙总目 Dinosauria
目：	蜥臀目 Saurischia
亚目：	†蜥脚形亚目 Sauropodomorpha
下目：	†蜥脚下目 Sauropoda
科：	†布里卡纳龙科 Blikanasauridae
属：	†布里卡纳龙属 Blikanasaurus; Galton & van Heerden, 1985
模式种
	†克氏布里卡纳龙; Blikanasaurus cromptoni; Galton & van Heerden, 1985

布里卡纳龙（属名：Blikanasaurus，意为“布里卡纳的蜥蜴”）是在南非东开普省晚三叠世下艾略特组发现仅一具部分后肢而建立的蜥脚形亚目恐龙，模式种兼唯一种克氏布里卡纳龙（Blikanasaurus cromptoni）的种名取自多次领导艾略特组（英语：Elliot Formation）露头考察活动的古生物学家A·W·“弗兹”·克朗普顿（A. W. "Fuzz" Crompton）。^[1]

发现[编辑]

约1965年左右在南非东开普省荷休（英语：Herschel, Eastern Cape）布里卡纳山脚的下艾略特组地层出土了一个部分后肢骨。^[2]^[3]2000年代初在自由邦省莱迪布兰德丹普拉茨农场的同样地层出土了第二件标本，仅有一个右跖骨。^[4]^[5]^[6]近期据传有发现一个可能归入布里卡纳龙的髂骨，但消息仍有待证实。

描述[编辑]

由于化石极度稀少使得难以了解布里卡纳龙的原貌。唯能透过后肢结构特别厚实来推测其体型粗壮。^[7]^[8]^[9]

分类[编辑]

因为腿部健壮，布里卡纳龙很可能是完全四足的动物，与其他原始蜥脚形亚目不同；过去假设布里卡纳龙是种基础蜥脚下目，现在则认为是基础蜥脚形亚目；但碍于所知甚少，关于其确切分类关系依然是个谜。^[10]1985年描述时建立了专属的布里卡纳龙科，^[11]但这个分类群缺乏明确鉴定特征而不被广泛接受。以下支序图显示目前认为布里卡纳龙与其他基础蜥脚类之间的关联。^[12]

蜥脚形类 Sauropodiformes

鼠龙 Mussaurus

地爪龙 Aardonyx

距叉龙 Sefapanosaurus

黑丘龙科 Melanorosauridae

	卡米洛特龙 Camelotia

	黑丘龙 Melanorosaurus

蜥脚下目 Sauropoda

莱森龙科 Lessemsauridae

雷前龙 Antetonitrus

	巨龙 Ingentia

	莱森龙 Lessemsaurus

布里卡纳龙 Blikanasaurus

珙县龙 Gongxianosaurus

	造雨龙（英语：Pulanesaura） Pulanesaura

	沉重龙类 Gravisauria

参考来源[编辑]

^ Knoll, Fabien. Review of the tetrapod fauna of the 'Lower Stormberg Group' of the main Karoo Basin (southern Africa) : Implication for the age of the Lower Elliot Formation. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. 2004, 175: 73–83. doi:10.2113/175.1.73.
^ Charig, A. J.; Attridge, J.; Crompton, A. W. On the origin of the sauropods and the classification of the Saurischia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. 1965, 176 (2): 197–221. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1965.tb00944.x.
^ Galton, Peter M.; Van Heerden, Jacques. Partial hindlimb of Blikanasaurus cromptoni n. gen. And n. Sp.,representing a new family of prosauropod dinosaurs from the upper triassic of South Africa. Geobios. 1985, 18 (4): 509–516. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(85)80003-6.
^ Yates, Adam M.; Kitching, James W. The earliest known sauropod dinosaur and the first steps towards sauropod locomotion. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 2003, 270 (1525): 1753–1758. PMC 1691423 . PMID 12965005. doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2417.
^ Yates, Adam M. A definite prosauropod dinosaur from the Lower Elliot Formation (Norian: Upper Triassic) of South Africa. Palaeontologia Africana. 2003, 39. hdl:10539/16435.
^ Yates, Adam M. A second specimen of Blikanasaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) and the biostratigraphy of the lower Elliot Formation. Palaeontologia Africana. 2008-04-04, 43. hdl:10539/13807.
^ Wilson, Jeffrey A. Integrating ichnofossil and body fossil records to estimate locomotor posture and spatiotemporal distribution of early sauropod dinosaurs: A stratocladistic approach. Paleobiology. 2005, 31 (3): 400–423. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0400:IIABFR]2.0.CO;2.
^ Upchurch, P.; Barrett, P. M.; Galton, P. M. Barrett, P. M.; Batten, D. J. , 编. A phylogenetic analysis of basal sauropodomorph relationships: Implications for the origin of sauropod dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology. 2007, 77: 57–90 [2019-03-13]. （原始内容存档于2016-06-18）.
^ McPhee, Blair W.; Choiniere, Jonah N. A hyper-robust sauropodomorph dinosaur ilium from the Upper Triassic–Lower Jurassic Elliot Formation of South Africa: Implications for the functional diversity of basal Sauropodomorpha. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 2016, 123: 177–184. Bibcode:2016JAfES.123..177M. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2016.08.004.
^ Peyre De Fabrègues, Claire; Allain, Ronan. New material and revision of Melanorosaurus thabanensis, a basal sauropodomorph from the Upper Triassic of Lesotho. PeerJ. 2016, 4: e1639. PMC 4741091 . PMID 26855874. doi:10.7717/peerj.1639.
^ Galton, Peter M.; Van Heerden, Jacques. Partial hindlimb of Blikanasaurus cromptoni n. gen. And n. Sp.,representing a new family of prosauropod dinosaurs from the upper triassic of South Africa. Geobios. 1985, 18 (4): 509–516. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(85)80003-6.
^ Apaldetti, Cecilia; Martínez, Ricardo N.; Cerda, Ignatio A.; Pol, Diego; Alcober, Oscar. An early trend towards gigantism in Triassic sauropodomorph dinosaurs. Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2018, 2 (8): 1227–1232. PMID 29988169. S2CID 49669597. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0599-y. hdl:11336/89332 .

[1] Knoll, Fabien. Review of the tetrapod fauna of the 'Lower Stormberg Group' of the main Karoo Basin (southern Africa) : Implication for the age of the Lower Elliot Formation. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. 2004, 175: 73–83. doi:10.2113/175.1.73.

[2] Charig, A. J.; Attridge, J.; Crompton, A. W. On the origin of the sauropods and the classification of the Saurischia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. 1965, 176 (2): 197–221. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1965.tb00944.x.

[3] Galton, Peter M.; Van Heerden, Jacques. Partial hindlimb of Blikanasaurus cromptoni n. gen. And n. Sp.,representing a new family of prosauropod dinosaurs from the upper triassic of South Africa. Geobios. 1985, 18 (4): 509–516. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(85)80003-6.

[4] Yates, Adam M.; Kitching, James W. The earliest known sauropod dinosaur and the first steps towards sauropod locomotion. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 2003, 270 (1525): 1753–1758. PMC 1691423 . PMID 12965005. doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2417.

[5] Yates, Adam M. A definite prosauropod dinosaur from the Lower Elliot Formation (Norian: Upper Triassic) of South Africa. Palaeontologia Africana. 2003, 39. hdl:10539/16435.

[6] Yates, Adam M. A second specimen of Blikanasaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) and the biostratigraphy of the lower Elliot Formation. Palaeontologia Africana. 2008-04-04, 43. hdl:10539/13807.

[7] Wilson, Jeffrey A. Integrating ichnofossil and body fossil records to estimate locomotor posture and spatiotemporal distribution of early sauropod dinosaurs: A stratocladistic approach. Paleobiology. 2005, 31 (3): 400–423. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0400:IIABFR]2.0.CO;2.

[8] Upchurch, P.; Barrett, P. M.; Galton, P. M. Barrett, P. M.; Batten, D. J. , 编. A phylogenetic analysis of basal sauropodomorph relationships: Implications for the origin of sauropod dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology. 2007, 77: 57–90 [2019-03-13]. （原始内容存档于2016-06-18）.

[9] McPhee, Blair W.; Choiniere, Jonah N. A hyper-robust sauropodomorph dinosaur ilium from the Upper Triassic–Lower Jurassic Elliot Formation of South Africa: Implications for the functional diversity of basal Sauropodomorpha. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 2016, 123: 177–184. Bibcode:2016JAfES.123..177M. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2016.08.004.

[10] Peyre De Fabrègues, Claire; Allain, Ronan. New material and revision of Melanorosaurus thabanensis, a basal sauropodomorph from the Upper Triassic of Lesotho. PeerJ. 2016, 4: e1639. PMC 4741091 . PMID 26855874. doi:10.7717/peerj.1639.

[Galton1985-11] Galton, Peter M.; Van Heerden, Jacques. Partial hindlimb of Blikanasaurus cromptoni n. gen. And n. Sp.,representing a new family of prosauropod dinosaurs from the upper triassic of South Africa. Geobios. 1985, 18 (4): 509–516. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(85)80003-6.

[apaldetti2018-12] Apaldetti, Cecilia; Martínez, Ricardo N.; Cerda, Ignatio A.; Pol, Diego; Alcober, Oscar. An early trend towards gigantism in Triassic sauropodomorph dinosaurs. Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2018, 2 (8): 1227–1232. PMID 29988169. S2CID 49669597. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0599-y. hdl:11336/89332 .

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