生長激素受體

Growth hormone receptor; 生長激素受體
	PDB rendering based on 1a22.
有效結構
PDB	直系同源檢索：PDBe, RCSB
PDB查詢代碼列表
	1A22, 1AXI, 1HWG, 1HWH, 1KF9, 2AEW, 3HHR
標識
代號	GHR; GHBP
擴展標識	遺傳學：600946 鼠基因：95708 同源基因：134 ChEMBL: 1976 GeneCards: GHR Gene
基因本體論描述
分子功能	· growth hormone receptor activity; · protein binding; · peptide hormone binding; · growth factor binding; · protein kinase binding; · protein phosphatase binding; · SH2 domain binding; · protein homodimerization activity; · proline-rich region binding;
細胞成分	· extracellular region; · extracellular space; · nucleus; · mitochondrion; · plasma membrane; · integral to plasma membrane; · cell surface; · integral to membrane; · extrinsic to membrane; · neuronal cell body; · receptor complex; · growth hormone receptor complex;
生物過程	· activation of MAPK activity; · allantoin metabolic process; · citrate metabolic process; · 2-oxoglutarate metabolic process; · succinate metabolic process; · oxaloacetate metabolic process; · isoleucine metabolic process; · valine metabolic process; · creatine metabolic process; · fatty acid metabolic process; · endocytosis; · JAK-STAT cascade; · hormone-mediated signaling pathway; · taurine metabolic process; · receptor internalization; · response to food; · response to estradiol stimulus; · cellular response to insulin stimulus; · cellular response to hormone stimulus; · regulation of multicellular organism growth; · positive regulation of multicellular organism growth; · positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein; · positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein; · activation of JAK2 kinase activity; · response to morphine; · multicellular organismal metabolic process; · positive regulation of cell differentiation; · creatinine metabolic process; · response to cycloheximide; · insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway; · positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; · response to glucocorticoid stimulus; · cartilage development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis; · growth hormone receptor signaling pathway; · JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signaling pathway; · response to interleukin-1; · negative regulation of neuron death;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表達模式
	更多表達數據
直系同源體
	閱; 論; 編;

生長激素受體（英語：Growth hormone receptor)是一種由人類基因GHR 編碼的蛋白質^[1]，GHR的直系同源物^[2]廣泛存在於各種哺乳動物中。

此基因編碼的蛋白是結合生長激素的跨膜受體。

相互作用[編輯]

生長激素受體能與SGTA^[3]、PTPN11^[4]^[5]、JAK激酶2^[6]^[7]^[8]、SOCS1^[9]和CISH^[9]發生交互作用。

進化[編輯]

GHR 基因曾作為動物核DNA（英語：nuclear DNA）系統發育標記^[2]，對其10號外顯子基因多態性的探究第一次闡釋了齧齒目主要類群間的親緣關係^[10]^[11]^[12]。GHR也用於較低階元的分類，在鼠總科^[13]^[14]、八齒鼠科^[15]、田鼠亞科^[16]、鼠亞科（英語：Murinae）^[17]、白足鼠屬^[18]等齧齒動物，及熊型總科^[19]、貓科^[20]等肉食動物以及皮翼目^[21]的分類上有重要作用。GHR的9號內含子也用於闡釋鼬科^[22]、鬣狗科^[23]的系統發生。

拮抗劑[編輯]

參考文獻[編輯]

^ Entrez Gene: GHR growth hormone receptor.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 OrthoMaM phylogenetic marker: GHR coding sequence. [2014-02-04]. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-24）.
^ Schantl, Julia A; Roza Marcel, De Jong Ad P, Strous Ger J. Small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein (SGT) interacts with the ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis (UbE) motif of the growth hormone receptor. Biochem. J. (England). August 2003, 373 (Pt 3): 855–63. ISSN 0264-6021. PMC 1223544 . PMID 12735788. doi:10.1042/BJ20021591.
^ Stofega, M R; Herrington J, Billestrup N, Carter-Su C. Mutation of the SHP-2 binding site in growth hormone (GH) receptor prolongs GH-promoted tyrosyl phosphorylation of GH receptor, JAK2, and STAT5B. Mol. Endocrinol. (UNITED STATES). September 2000, 14 (9): 1338–50. ISSN 0888-8809. PMID 10976913. doi:10.1210/me.14.9.1338.
^ Moutoussamy, S; Renaudie F, Lago F, Kelly P A, Finidori J. Grb10 identified as a potential regulator of growth hormone (GH) signaling by cloning of GH receptor target proteins. J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES). June 1998, 273 (26): 15906–12. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9632636. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.26.15906.
^ Frank, S J; Yi W, Zhao Y, Goldsmith J F, Gilliland G, Jiang J, Sakai I, Kraft A S. Regions of the JAK2 tyrosine kinase required for coupling to the growth hormone receptor. J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES). June 1995, 270 (24): 14776–85. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 7540178. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.24.14776.
^ VanderKuur, J A; Wang X, Zhang L, Campbell G S, Allevato G, Billestrup N, Norstedt G, Carter-Su C. Domains of the growth hormone receptor required for association and activation of JAK2 tyrosine kinase. J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES). August 1994, 269 (34): 21709–17. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 8063815.
^ Hellgren, G; Jansson J O, Carlsson L M, Carlsson B. The growth hormone receptor associates with Jak1, Jak2 and Tyk2 in human liver. Growth Horm. IGF Res. (SCOTLAND). June 1999, 9 (3): 212–8. ISSN 1096-6374. PMID 10502458. doi:10.1054/ghir.1999.0111.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 Ram, P A; Waxman D J. SOCS/CIS protein inhibition of growth hormone-stimulated STAT5 signaling by multiple mechanisms. J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES). December 1999, 274 (50): 35553–61. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10585430. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.50.35553.
^ Adkins RM, Gelke EL, Rowe D, Honeycutt RL. Molecular phylogeny and divergence time estimates for major rodent groups: evidence from multiple genes.. Mol Biol Evol. 2001, 18 (5): 777–791. PMID 11319262. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003860.
^ Adkins R. M., Walton A. H. & Honeycutt R. L. Higher-level systematics of rodents and divergence time estimates based on two congruent nuclear genes. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2003, 26 (3): 409–420. PMID 12644400. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00304-4.
^ Blanga-Kanfi S., Miranda H., Penn O., Pupko T., DeBry R. W. & Huchon D. Rodent phylogeny revised: analysis of six nuclear genes from all major rodent clades. BMC Evol. Biol. 2009, 9: 71 [2014-02-04]. PMC 2674048 . PMID 19341461. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-71. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-23）.
^ Steppan S. J., Adkins R. M. & Anderson J. Phylogeny and divergence-date estimates of rapid radiations in muroid rodents based on multiple nuclear genes. Syst. Biol. 2004, 53 (4): 533–553. PMID 15371245. doi:10.1080/10635150490468701.
^ Rowe K. C., Reno M. L., Richmond D. M., Adkins R. M. & Steppan S. J. Pliocene colonization and adaptive radiations in Australia and New Guinea (Sahul): multilocus systematics of the old endemic rodents (Muroidea: Murinae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2008, 47 (1): 84–101. PMID 18313945. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.01.001.
^ Honeycutt R. L., Rowe D. L. & Gallardo M. H. Molecular systematics of the South American caviomorph rodents: relationships among species and genera in the family Octodontidae. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2003, 26 (3): 476–489. PMID 12644405. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00368-8.
^ Galewski T., Tilak M., Sanchez S., Chevret P., Paradis E. & Douzery E. J. P. The evolutionary radiation of Arvicolinae rodents (voles and lemmings): relative contribution of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA phylogenies. BMC Evol. Biol. 2006, 6: 80 [2014-02-04]. PMC 1618403 . PMID 17029633. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-6-80. （原始內容存檔於2015-11-15）.
^ Lecompte E., Aplin K., Denys C., Catzeflis F., Chades M. & Chevret P. Phylogeny and biogeography of African Murinae based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences, with a new tribal classification of the subfamily. BMC Evol. Biol. 2008, 8: 199 [2014-02-04]. PMC 2490707 . PMID 18616808. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-199. （原始內容存檔於2015-11-30）.
^ Miller J. R. & Engstrom M. D. The relationships of major lineages within peromyscine rodents: a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis and systematic reappraisal. J. Mammal. 2008, 89 (5): 1279–1295. doi:10.1644/07-MAMM-A-195.1.
^ Fulton T. L. & Strobeck C. Molecular phylogeny of the Arctoidea (Carnivora): effect of missing data on supertree and supermatrix analyses of multiple gene data sets. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2006, 41 (1): 165–181. PMID 16814570. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.025.
^ Johnson W. E., Eizirik E., Pecon-Slattery J., Murphy W. J., Antunes A., Teeling E. & O'Brien S. J. The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: a genetic assessment. Science. 2006, 311 (5757): 73–77. PMID 16400146. doi:10.1126/science.1122277.
^ Janecka J. E., Helgen K. M., Lim N. T., Baba M., Izawa M., Boeadi & Murphy W. J. Evidence for multiple species of Sunda colugo. Curr. Biol. 2008, 18 (21): R1001–R1002. PMID 19000793. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.09.005.
^ Koepfli K. P. & Wayne R. K. Type I STS markers are more informative than cytochrome B in phylogenetic reconstruction of the Mustelidae (Mammalia: Carnivora). Syst. Biol. 2003, 52 (5): 571–593. PMID 14530127. doi:10.1080/10635150390235368.
^ Koepfli K. P., Jenks S. M., Eizirik E., Zahirpour T., Van Valkenburgh B. & Wayne R. K. Molecular systematics of the Hyaenidae: relationships of a relictual lineage resolved by a molecular supermatrix. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2006, 38 (3): 603–620. PMID 16503281. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.10.017.

外部連結[編輯]

醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：Somatotropin+receptors
Illustration at nih.gov （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
Overview （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
Growth Hormone Receptor （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）: Molecule of the Month by Shuchismita Dutta and David Goodsell (April 2004)

[entrez-1] Entrez Gene: GHR growth hormone receptor.

[OrthoMaM-2] 2.0 ^2.1 OrthoMaM phylogenetic marker: GHR coding sequence. [2014-02-04]. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-24）.

[pmid12735788-3] Schantl, Julia A; Roza Marcel, De Jong Ad P, Strous Ger J. Small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein (SGT) interacts with the ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis (UbE) motif of the growth hormone receptor. Biochem. J. (England). August 2003, 373 (Pt 3): 855–63. ISSN 0264-6021. PMC 1223544 . PMID 12735788. doi:10.1042/BJ20021591.

[pmid10976913-4] Stofega, M R; Herrington J, Billestrup N, Carter-Su C. Mutation of the SHP-2 binding site in growth hormone (GH) receptor prolongs GH-promoted tyrosyl phosphorylation of GH receptor, JAK2, and STAT5B. Mol. Endocrinol. (UNITED STATES). September 2000, 14 (9): 1338–50. ISSN 0888-8809. PMID 10976913. doi:10.1210/me.14.9.1338.

[pmid9632636-5] Moutoussamy, S; Renaudie F, Lago F, Kelly P A, Finidori J. Grb10 identified as a potential regulator of growth hormone (GH) signaling by cloning of GH receptor target proteins. J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES). June 1998, 273 (26): 15906–12. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9632636. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.26.15906.

[pmid7540178-6] Frank, S J; Yi W, Zhao Y, Goldsmith J F, Gilliland G, Jiang J, Sakai I, Kraft A S. Regions of the JAK2 tyrosine kinase required for coupling to the growth hormone receptor. J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES). June 1995, 270 (24): 14776–85. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 7540178. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.24.14776.

[pmid8063815-7] VanderKuur, J A; Wang X, Zhang L, Campbell G S, Allevato G, Billestrup N, Norstedt G, Carter-Su C. Domains of the growth hormone receptor required for association and activation of JAK2 tyrosine kinase. J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES). August 1994, 269 (34): 21709–17. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 8063815.

[pmid10502458-8] Hellgren, G; Jansson J O, Carlsson L M, Carlsson B. The growth hormone receptor associates with Jak1, Jak2 and Tyk2 in human liver. Growth Horm. IGF Res. (SCOTLAND). June 1999, 9 (3): 212–8. ISSN 1096-6374. PMID 10502458. doi:10.1054/ghir.1999.0111.

[pmid10585430-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Ram, P A; Waxman D J. SOCS/CIS protein inhibition of growth hormone-stimulated STAT5 signaling by multiple mechanisms. J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES). December 1999, 274 (50): 35553–61. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10585430. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.50.35553.

[pmid11319262-10] Adkins RM, Gelke EL, Rowe D, Honeycutt RL. Molecular phylogeny and divergence time estimates for major rodent groups: evidence from multiple genes.. Mol Biol Evol. 2001, 18 (5): 777–791. PMID 11319262. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003860.

[pmid12644400-11] Adkins R. M., Walton A. H. & Honeycutt R. L. Higher-level systematics of rodents and divergence time estimates based on two congruent nuclear genes. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2003, 26 (3): 409–420. PMID 12644400. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00304-4.

[pmid19341461-12] Blanga-Kanfi S., Miranda H., Penn O., Pupko T., DeBry R. W. & Huchon D. Rodent phylogeny revised: analysis of six nuclear genes from all major rodent clades. BMC Evol. Biol. 2009, 9: 71 [2014-02-04]. PMC 2674048 . PMID 19341461. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-71. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-23）.

[pmid15371245-13] Steppan S. J., Adkins R. M. & Anderson J. Phylogeny and divergence-date estimates of rapid radiations in muroid rodents based on multiple nuclear genes. Syst. Biol. 2004, 53 (4): 533–553. PMID 15371245. doi:10.1080/10635150490468701.

[pmid18313945-14] Rowe K. C., Reno M. L., Richmond D. M., Adkins R. M. & Steppan S. J. Pliocene colonization and adaptive radiations in Australia and New Guinea (Sahul): multilocus systematics of the old endemic rodents (Muroidea: Murinae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2008, 47 (1): 84–101. PMID 18313945. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.01.001.

[pmid12644405-15] Honeycutt R. L., Rowe D. L. & Gallardo M. H. Molecular systematics of the South American caviomorph rodents: relationships among species and genera in the family Octodontidae. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2003, 26 (3): 476–489. PMID 12644405. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00368-8.

[pmid17029633-16] Galewski T., Tilak M., Sanchez S., Chevret P., Paradis E. & Douzery E. J. P. The evolutionary radiation of Arvicolinae rodents (voles and lemmings): relative contribution of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA phylogenies. BMC Evol. Biol. 2006, 6: 80 [2014-02-04]. PMC 1618403 . PMID 17029633. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-6-80. （原始內容存檔於2015-11-15）.

[pmid18616808-17] Lecompte E., Aplin K., Denys C., Catzeflis F., Chades M. & Chevret P. Phylogeny and biogeography of African Murinae based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences, with a new tribal classification of the subfamily. BMC Evol. Biol. 2008, 8: 199 [2014-02-04]. PMC 2490707 . PMID 18616808. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-199. （原始內容存檔於2015-11-30）.

[Miller2008-18] Miller J. R. & Engstrom M. D. The relationships of major lineages within peromyscine rodents: a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis and systematic reappraisal. J. Mammal. 2008, 89 (5): 1279–1295. doi:10.1644/07-MAMM-A-195.1.

[pmid16814570-19] Fulton T. L. & Strobeck C. Molecular phylogeny of the Arctoidea (Carnivora): effect of missing data on supertree and supermatrix analyses of multiple gene data sets. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2006, 41 (1): 165–181. PMID 16814570. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.025.

[pmid16400146-20] Johnson W. E., Eizirik E., Pecon-Slattery J., Murphy W. J., Antunes A., Teeling E. & O'Brien S. J. The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: a genetic assessment. Science. 2006, 311 (5757): 73–77. PMID 16400146. doi:10.1126/science.1122277.

[pmid19000793-21] Janecka J. E., Helgen K. M., Lim N. T., Baba M., Izawa M., Boeadi & Murphy W. J. Evidence for multiple species of Sunda colugo. Curr. Biol. 2008, 18 (21): R1001–R1002. PMID 19000793. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.09.005.

[pmid14530127-22] Koepfli K. P. & Wayne R. K. Type I STS markers are more informative than cytochrome B in phylogenetic reconstruction of the Mustelidae (Mammalia: Carnivora). Syst. Biol. 2003, 52 (5): 571–593. PMID 14530127. doi:10.1080/10635150390235368.

[pmid16503281-23] Koepfli K. P., Jenks S. M., Eizirik E., Zahirpour T., Van Valkenburgh B. & Wayne R. K. Molecular systematics of the Hyaenidae: relationships of a relictual lineage resolved by a molecular supermatrix. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2006, 38 (3): 603–620. PMID 16503281. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.10.017.

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