品質管制

品質管制（英語：quality control，縮寫為 QC）是品質管理的一部分，致力於滿足品質要求。^[1]中華人民共和國的中國全國科學技術名詞審定委員會對品質管制的一種定義為：「為使客戶確信某一物品或服務的品質滿足規定之要求而必須進行的有計劃的系統化活動。」^[2]。

品質管制是透過專業技術和管理技術對產品製造的過程加以控制，以達到產品的固有特性滿足客戶、法律、法規等方面所提出的品質要求（如適用性、安全性等）。品質管制貫穿在產品製造和整體運行的全過程^[3]。

常見品質工具[編輯]


工具	首次提出	簡介
統計品質管制（英語：Statistical quality control） (SQC)	1930s	藉由統計方式或分析圖表提供品質改善依據。^[4]
全面品質管制 (TQC)	1956	起源於美國國防部的品質管理手法，用於推動持續改善。以組織全員參與為基礎的品質管理方式。^[5] ^[6]
統計製程管制 (SPC)	1960s	藉由管制圖即時確認產品品質狀態，以達到立即改善及降低損失的工具。
Company-wide quality control (CWQC)	1968	日式TQC ^[6]
全面品質管理 (TQM)	1985	日本將TQC手法加以衍生，也稱為日式TQC。^[7]
六標準差 (6σ)	1986	起源於Motorola，用於經營策略統計品質管制。^[8]

參考文獻[編輯]

^ 《GB/T 19000-2008/ISO 9000:2005 中華人民共和國國家標準品質管理體系基礎和術語》 3.2.10
^ 全國科學技術名詞審定委員會^{[永久失效連結]}
^ 中國建設監理協會. 《建设工程质量控制(2010)》 (M) 1. 北京: 中國建築工業出版社. 2003: 5. ISBN 978-7-112-05534-0.
^ Juran, Joseph M. (編), A History of Managing for Quality: The Evolution, Trends, and Future Directions of Managing for Quality, Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The American Society for Quality Control, 1995, ISBN 9780873893411, OCLC 32394752
^ Feigenbaum, Armand V. Total Quality Control. Harvard Business Review (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press). 1956, 34 (6): 93–101. ISSN 0017-8012. OCLC 1751795.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Ishikawa, Kaoru, What Is Total Quality Control? The Japanese Way 1, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall: 90–91, 1985, ISBN 978-0-13-952433-2, OCLC 11467749
^ Evans, James R.; Lindsay, William M., The Management and Control of Quality 4, Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Publications: 118, 1999, ISBN 9780538882422, OCLC 38475486, The term total quality management, or TQM, has been commonly used to denote the system of managing for total quality. (The term TQM was actually developed within the Department of Defense. It has since been renamed Total Quality Leadership, since leadership outranks management in military thought.)
^ What Is Six Sigma? (PDF). http://www.motorolasolutions.com. Schaumburg, Illinois: Motorola University: 2. 2010-02-19 [2013-11-24]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2013-12-03）. When practiced as a management system, Six Sigma is a high performance system for executing business strategy. 外部連結存在於|website= (幫助)

[1] 《GB/T 19000-2008/ISO 9000:2005 中華人民共和國國家標準品質管理體系基礎和術語》 3.2.10

[2] 全國科學技術名詞審定委員會^{[永久失效連結]}

[3] 中國建設監理協會. 《建设工程质量控制(2010)》 (M) 1. 北京: 中國建築工業出版社. 2003: 5. ISBN 978-7-112-05534-0.

[Juran-4] Juran, Joseph M. (編), A History of Managing for Quality: The Evolution, Trends, and Future Directions of Managing for Quality, Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The American Society for Quality Control, 1995, ISBN 9780873893411, OCLC 32394752

[5] Feigenbaum, Armand V. Total Quality Control. Harvard Business Review (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press). 1956, 34 (6): 93–101. ISSN 0017-8012. OCLC 1751795.

[Ishikawa-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Ishikawa, Kaoru, What Is Total Quality Control? The Japanese Way 1, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall: 90–91, 1985, ISBN 978-0-13-952433-2, OCLC 11467749

[7] Evans, James R.; Lindsay, William M., The Management and Control of Quality 4, Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Publications: 118, 1999, ISBN 9780538882422, OCLC 38475486, The term total quality management, or TQM, has been commonly used to denote the system of managing for total quality. (The term TQM was actually developed within the Department of Defense. It has since been renamed Total Quality Leadership, since leadership outranks management in military thought.)

[8] What Is Six Sigma? (PDF). http://www.motorolasolutions.com. Schaumburg, Illinois: Motorola University: 2. 2010-02-19 [2013-11-24]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2013-12-03）. When practiced as a management system, Six Sigma is a high performance system for executing business strategy. 外部連結存在於|website= (幫助)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]