TRPA1

瞬態感受器陽離子電壓通道; A亞族第一成員
標識
代號	TRPA1; ANKTM1
擴展標識	遺傳學：604775 鼠基因：3522699 同源基因：7189 IUPHAR: TRPA1 GeneCards: TRPA1 Gene
基因本體論描述
分子功能	· 離子通道活動; · 鈣離子通道活動; · 通道活動;
細胞成分	· 膜質組分; · 嵌入質膜; · 質膜;
生物過程	· 離子轉運; · 響應冷感; · 響應刺激; · 溫度感應;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表達模式
	更多表達數據
直系同源體
	閱; 論; 編;

瞬態電壓感受器陽離子通道，子類A，成員1（簡稱TRPA1）是一種由人類基因TRPA1所編碼的一種蛋白（其它生物由Trpa1基因所編碼）^[1]^[2]。

功能[編輯]

TRPA1含有14個重複的N-端錨，屬於瞬態電壓感受器通道中的一種，它被認為起到機械壓力感覺器官的作用^[3]。儘管目前對於該蛋白的具體功能尚不明確，然而有研究指出該蛋白涉及了信號轉換的一個步驟，以及涉及了對細胞生長的控制^[4]。

最近的研究指出，TRPA1可以被多種活性化合物所激活，如丙烯基異硫氰酸酯、肉桂醛、法尼基硫代水楊酸、尼古丁及其結構類似物^[5]、福爾馬林、過氧化氫、4-羥基壬烯醛以及丙烯醛。這一蛋白被認為是人體的一個化學感受器^[6]。通過研究發現，去除了Trpa1基因的實驗鼠，對於能造成痛覺得福爾馬林完全沒有感覺^[7]^[8]。針對TRPA1的拮抗劑，對於緩解包括所有弗氏佐劑及福爾馬林造成的炎症所引起的疼痛都是有效的。

雖然目前仍無法確切證明機體內的TRPA1對於有害的冷凍感覺起到了傳導作用，然而近期的研究已明確表明至少在試管內TRPA1通道會因為冷凍而激活^[9]^[10]。

臨床意義[編輯]

科學家們於2008年發現，咖啡因會抑制人類TRPA1通道的活性，然而實驗鼠感覺神經上的TRPA1通道卻會引起對含咖啡因飲料的抗拒，這暗示着該通道能傳導對咖啡因的知覺^[11]。除此之外，某些煙民在使用尼古丁替代療法來戒煙時，會出現皮膚刺激感甚至過敏，也和TRPA1通道不無關係。^[12]

引用[編輯]

^ Jaquemar D, Schenker T, Trueb B. An ankyrin-like protein with transmembrane domains is specifically lost after oncogenic transformation of human fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. March 1999, 274 (11): 7325–33. PMID 10066796. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.11.7325.
^ Clapham DE, Julius D, Montell C, Schultz G. International Union of Pharmacology. XLIX. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of transient receptor potential channels. Pharmacol. Rev. December 2005, 57 (4): 427–50. PMID 16382100. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.6.
^ García-Añoveros J, Nagata K. TRPA1. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2007, (179): 347–62. PMID 17217068. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-34891-7_21.
^ Entrez Gene: TRPA1 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1.
^ 合成 (PDF). [2009-12-07]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2017-10-18）.
^ Tai C, Zhu S, Zhou N. TRPA1: the central molecule for chemical sensing in pain pathway?. J. Neurosci. January 2008, 28 (5): 1019–21. PMID 18234879. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5237-07.2008.
^ McNamara CR, Mandel-Brehm J, Bautista DM; et al. TRPA1 mediates formalin-induced pain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. August 2007, 104 (33): 13525–30. PMC 1941642 . PMID 17686976. doi:10.1073/pnas.0705924104.
^ McMahon SB, Wood JN. Increasingly irritable and close to tears: TRPA1 in inflammatory pain. Cell. March 2006, 124 (6): 1123–5. PMID 16564004. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.006.
^ Sawada Y, Hosokawa H, Hori A, Matsumura K, Kobayashi S. Cold sensitivity of recombinant TRPA1 channels. Brain Res. July 2007, 1160: 39–46. PMID 17588549. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.05.047.
^ Klionsky L, Tamir R, Gao B; et al. Species-specific pharmacology of Trichloro(sulfanyl)ethyl benzamides as transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonists. Mol Pain. 2007, 3: 39. PMC 2222611 . PMID 18086308. doi:10.1186/1744-8069-3-39.
^ Nagatomo K, Kubo Y. Caffeine activates mouse TRPA1 channels but suppresses human TRPA1 channels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. November 2008. PMID 18988737. doi:10.1073/pnas.0809769105.
^ Talavera K, Gees M, Karashima Y; et al. Nicotine activates the chemosensory cation channel TRPA1. Nature Neuroscience. September 2009. doi:10.1038/nn.2379.

外部連結[編輯]

醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：TRPA1+protein,+human

[pmid10066796-1] Jaquemar D, Schenker T, Trueb B. An ankyrin-like protein with transmembrane domains is specifically lost after oncogenic transformation of human fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. March 1999, 274 (11): 7325–33. PMID 10066796. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.11.7325.

[pmid16382100-2] Clapham DE, Julius D, Montell C, Schultz G. International Union of Pharmacology. XLIX. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of transient receptor potential channels. Pharmacol. Rev. December 2005, 57 (4): 427–50. PMID 16382100. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.6.

[pmid17217068-3] García-Añoveros J, Nagata K. TRPA1. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2007, (179): 347–62. PMID 17217068. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-34891-7_21.

[4] Entrez Gene: TRPA1 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1.

[5] 合成 (PDF). [2009-12-07]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2017-10-18）.

[6] Tai C, Zhu S, Zhou N. TRPA1: the central molecule for chemical sensing in pain pathway?. J. Neurosci. January 2008, 28 (5): 1019–21. PMID 18234879. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5237-07.2008.

[7] McNamara CR, Mandel-Brehm J, Bautista DM; et al. TRPA1 mediates formalin-induced pain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. August 2007, 104 (33): 13525–30. PMC 1941642 . PMID 17686976. doi:10.1073/pnas.0705924104.

[8] McMahon SB, Wood JN. Increasingly irritable and close to tears: TRPA1 in inflammatory pain. Cell. March 2006, 124 (6): 1123–5. PMID 16564004. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.006.

[9] Sawada Y, Hosokawa H, Hori A, Matsumura K, Kobayashi S. Cold sensitivity of recombinant TRPA1 channels. Brain Res. July 2007, 1160: 39–46. PMID 17588549. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.05.047.

[10] Klionsky L, Tamir R, Gao B; et al. Species-specific pharmacology of Trichloro(sulfanyl)ethyl benzamides as transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonists. Mol Pain. 2007, 3: 39. PMC 2222611 . PMID 18086308. doi:10.1186/1744-8069-3-39.

[pmid18988737-11] Nagatomo K, Kubo Y. Caffeine activates mouse TRPA1 channels but suppresses human TRPA1 channels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. November 2008. PMID 18988737. doi:10.1073/pnas.0809769105.

[12] Talavera K, Gees M, Karashima Y; et al. Nicotine activates the chemosensory cation channel TRPA1. Nature Neuroscience. September 2009. doi:10.1038/nn.2379.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]