大吉嶺喜馬拉雅鐵路
座標：27°2′42″N 88°16′2″E / 27.04500°N 88.26722°E
| 世界遺產 | |
|---|---|
 大吉嶺喜馬拉雅鐵路上的15噸蒸氣火車頭 | |
| 官方名稱 | Mountain Railways of India（英文） Chemins de fer de montagne en Inde（法文） |
| 位置 |  印度（亞洲和太平洋地區） |
| 標準 | 文 (ii) (iv) |
| 參考編碼 | 944 |
| 登錄年份 | 1999（第23屆會議） |
| 網站 | UNESCO的記錄（英文） |
大吉嶺喜馬拉雅鐵路（Darjeeling Himalayan Railway），是印度最早的鐵路之一。1999年以環山鐵路系統的經典之作被納入世界遺產清單中。總長約60-80公里，軌距610毫米，行駛一種迷你的爬山火車，暱稱為玩具火車。整個鐵路連接印度西孟加拉省的大吉嶺和西里古里。始建於1879年，1880年，長51.2公里的西里古里至Kurseong段首先完工，1881年全線完工通車。
大吉嶺喜馬拉雅鐵路的高低變化相當大，從海拔124公尺的西里古里（印度平原上的古城）一路爬升到以產茶聞名的大吉嶺（海拔2258公尺），[1]今日仍保留了15噸的蒸氣火車的行駛（大約是四節車箱），此古老的蒸氣火車頭是1889年到1925年間，英國Sharp, Stewart和North British機廠，還有美國Baldwin機廠生產的。從西里古里到大吉嶺約花8小時。從西里古里站出發後26公里，在鐵軌旁設有水櫃給蒸氣火車頭加水。爲了減小坡度，在世界上首先運用了馬蹄型和人字形鐵軌路線，中間會經過著名的馬蹄型鐵軌路線Batasia loop。此外爲了提高阻力，避免車輪在爬坡時打滑，車頭有兩名撒沙工責在鐵軌上撒沙子。
大吉嶺喜馬拉雅鐵路的車站包括了，Tindharia, Kurseong, Mahanadi, Toong, Sonada和Ghoom。
延伸閱讀[編輯]
- Badawy, Emile D.; Crow, Lindsay (編). The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway: A photographic profile – 1962–1998. Studfield, Vic, Australia: Train Hobby Publications. 1999. ISBN 1876249250.
- Bawcutt, P.J.; Hughes, H.C. Frontier Railway of the Himalayas. Railway Magazine. Vol. 112 no. 782. June 1966: 320–324.
- Barrie, David; Charlesworth, David. Going Loopy. Darjeeling Mail extra, no. 2. Doncaster, South Yorkshire, UK: Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Society. 2005. ISBN 0954160223.
- Cable, Bob. Darjeeling Revisited: A journey on the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway. Narrow Gauge Branch Lines series. Midhurst, West Sussex, UK: Middleton Press. 2011. ISBN 9781908174093.
- Krieg, Allan D. The Darjeeling Himalayan: take a ride into the clouds on a two-foot gauge railway with which many of our GIs have become familiar while in India. Trains. Vol. 6 no. 3. January 1946: 42–49. ISSN 0041-0934. OCLC 31296210.
- Martin, Terry. Halfway to Heaven. Chester, Cheshire, UK: RailRomances. 2000. ISBN 1900622033.
- Martin, Terry. The Iron Sherpa: the story of the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, 1879-2006 1. Chester, Cheshire, UK: RailRomances. 2006. ISBN 1900622106.
- Martin, Terry. The Iron Sherpa: the history of the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway 2. Chester, Cheshire, UK: RailRomances. 2010. ISBN 9781900622127.
- Smith, J Burlington; Lasell, Eldridge L; Lasell, David; Lasell, Diane L; Lasell Iltis, Sarah; Iltis, Ron. •The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway: an illustrated guide to the railway & Darjeeling.. Middlesbrough, England: Hood & Co. c. 1911. OCLC 43293759.
- Thomas, John. Himalayan Journey. London: British Overseas Railways Historical Trust. 2010. ISBN 9781901613032.
- Thornton Jones, Frank. Darjeeling Christmas, 1945: the Darjeeling photographs of Frank Thornton Jones. Darjeeling Mail extra, no. 1. Nottinghamshire: Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Society. 2003. ISBN 0954160215.
- Wallace, Richard. The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway: A Guide to the DHR, Darjeeling and its Tea 2nd. Kenilworth, Warwickshire, UK: Friends of the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway. 2009. ISBN 9780954160234.
- Darjeeling and its Mountain Railway.. Kolkata, India: Nava Udyog. 2002. ISBN 8185971951. (Facsimile reprint. Originally published: Kurseong: Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, 1921.)
- Darjeeling Himalayan Railway: World Heritage Area: bringing people and their heritage together.. National Rail Museum & UNESCO Stakeholder Workshop report, 11th–18th January 2002. New Delhi: National Rail Museum. 2002. OCLC 84649417.
- The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway: Illustrated Guide for Tourists. Bath, Somerset, UK: Pagoda Tree Press. 2004. ISBN 1904289037. (Facsimile reprint of the 1st edition, originally published in 1896 by the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Company, Darjeeling, India.)
- Darjeeling's Wonderful Railway - A Visitors Guide: Published by the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Society ISBN 954160265-7
- Churchill, David (2018). The Incredible Darjeeling 'B' Class. Solihull, UK: Published by the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Society ISBN 978-0-9541602-8-9
參考資料[編輯]
- ^ 座標2：大吉嶺喜馬拉雅鐵道(Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, DHR). 阿里山林業鐵路-姊妹鐵道-印度. [2021年12月7日]. （原始內容存檔於2021年12月7日）.
外部連結[編輯]
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維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：大吉嶺喜馬拉雅鐵路 |
- Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Society site （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
- List of all trains at Darjeeling Railway Station （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
- More pictures of Darjeeling and the railroad at the University of Houston Digital Library
- Darjeeling Himalayan Railway （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） BBC video documentary
- Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Information （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） North Bengal Tourism
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