愛爾蘭—英國關係

愛爾蘭－英國關係泛指愛爾蘭和英國的一切雙邊關係與交流。英國的權力下放政府，蘇格蘭、威爾斯和北愛爾蘭，^[1]以及萌島、澤西島和根息島，也參與了兩國間的多邊關係。^[2]但對於國際關係中而言，屬地是英國的一部分，他們依然代表英國政府。^[3]

17世紀初期，開始建立了政治上的聯繫，並於1801年建立大不列顛及愛爾蘭聯合王國後達到高峰。1922年時愛爾蘭島上大部分土地脫離了聯合王國，並成立了愛爾蘭自由邦。從歷史上看，兩國間的關係嚴重受到共同歷史因素所困擾，愛爾蘭自由邦的獨立和北愛爾蘭的統治問題。包括愛爾蘭分區劃分與愛爾蘭的分裂條款，及後來演並成北愛爾蘭政治暴力事件，與憲法關係和對英國的義務的條款。此外，兩國間的大量貿易，以及極其相似的地理位置、共同的歷史和密切的文化和個人連結，意味着這兩個國家政治發展往往追隨對方。

愛爾蘭和英國在1973年加入了歐盟（當時為歐洲共同體）。然而，英國的三個皇家屬地，即萌島、澤西以及根西，仍然在歐盟之外。 2011年5月，英女皇伊利沙伯二世對愛爾蘭展開愛爾蘭獨立以來的首次訪問。2016年6月，英國舉行了全民投票，其中多數投票決定離開歐盟；但北愛爾蘭的大多數選民投票支持留在歐盟。

國家比較[編輯]


	愛爾蘭	英國
國徽
國旗
人口	4,757,976（2016年普查）	65,110,000（2016年預估）
面積	70,273 km²	243,610 km²
人口密度	67.7/km²	255.6/km²
首都	都柏林	倫敦
最大城市	都柏林	倫敦
政府體制	單一制議會制憲共和國	單一制議會君主立憲制
首任領導人	國家元首：道格拉斯·海德政府首腦：威廉·湯馬士·科斯格雷夫	國家元首：愛德華七世政府首腦：羅拔·華波
現任領導人	愛爾蘭總統：麥克·希金斯愛爾蘭總理：利奧·瓦拉德卡	英國君主：查理斯三世英國首相：辛偉誠
語言	愛爾蘭語（36%）與英語（99%）（事實上與法律上）	英語（98%）（事實上）
宗教	84.2％天主教，6.2％無宗教，4.6％新教，2.8％其他，1.1％伊斯蘭教	59.3％新教與天主教，25.1％無宗教，7.2％未知，4.8％伊斯蘭教， 1.5％印度教，0.8％錫克教，0.5％猶太教，0.4％佛教
地圖

參考文獻[編輯]

^ Guidance for users. UK Treaties Online. London: Foreign and Commonwealth Office. 2012 [30 May 2012]. （原始內容存檔於2012-10-03）. The database includes the names of the Overseas Territories and the Crown Dependencies of the United Kingdom which have been specifically included in the UK’s treaty obligations, either at the time of ratification or accession, or subsequently.
^ Turpin, Colin; Tomkins, Adam, British Government and the Constitution: Text and Materials Law in Context 6, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 242, 2007, ISBN 0521690293, The United Kingdom and Irish Governments agreed in 1999 on the establishment of a North-South Ministerial Council in accordance with Strand Two of the Belfast Agreement. (See Agreement on the North/South Ministerial Council, CM 4708/2000.)
…
The British and Irish Governments also agreed in 1999 on the establishment of a British-Irish Council, in accordance with Strand Three of the Belfast Agreement and as a concession to Unionist concerns about an institutionalised participation of the Republic of Ireland in the affairs of the Province. (See Cm 4710/2000.) This Council comprises representatives of the British and Irish Governments, of the devolved administrations in Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, and of the three Crown dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man.
^ Anthony Wilfred Bradley; Keith D. Ewing, Constitutional and Administrative Law, Volume 1 14, Harlow: Pearson Education: 33, 323, 2007, ISBN 1405812079, In law, the expression 'United Kingdom' refers to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man. For the purposes of international relations, however, the Channel islands and the Isle of Man are represented by the UK government.
…
International law has the primary function of regulating the relations of independent, sovereign states with one another. For this purpose the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the state, with authority to act also for its dependent possessions, such as the Channel Islands, the Isle of Man and its surviving overseas territories, such as Gibraltar, none of which is a state at international law.

[1] Guidance for users. UK Treaties Online. London: Foreign and Commonwealth Office. 2012 [30 May 2012]. （原始內容存檔於2012-10-03）. The database includes the names of the Overseas Territories and the Crown Dependencies of the United Kingdom which have been specifically included in the UK’s treaty obligations, either at the time of ratification or accession, or subsequently.

[2] Turpin, Colin; Tomkins, Adam, British Government and the Constitution: Text and Materials Law in Context 6, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 242, 2007, ISBN 0521690293, The United Kingdom and Irish Governments agreed in 1999 on the establishment of a North-South Ministerial Council in accordance with Strand Two of the Belfast Agreement. (See Agreement on the North/South Ministerial Council, CM 4708/2000.)
…
The British and Irish Governments also agreed in 1999 on the establishment of a British-Irish Council, in accordance with Strand Three of the Belfast Agreement and as a concession to Unionist concerns about an institutionalised participation of the Republic of Ireland in the affairs of the Province. (See Cm 4710/2000.) This Council comprises representatives of the British and Irish Governments, of the devolved administrations in Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, and of the three Crown dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man.

[bradley-3] Anthony Wilfred Bradley; Keith D. Ewing, Constitutional and Administrative Law, Volume 1 14, Harlow: Pearson Education: 33, 323, 2007, ISBN 1405812079, In law, the expression 'United Kingdom' refers to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man. For the purposes of international relations, however, the Channel islands and the Isle of Man are represented by the UK government.
…
International law has the primary function of regulating the relations of independent, sovereign states with one another. For this purpose the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the state, with authority to act also for its dependent possessions, such as the Channel Islands, the Isle of Man and its surviving overseas territories, such as Gibraltar, none of which is a state at international law.

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