維奇豬籠草
維奇豬籠草
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| 產自砂勞越巴里奧的維奇豬籠草 | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 維管束植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 真雙子葉植物 Eudicots |
| 目： | 石竹目 Caryophyllales |
| 科： | 豬籠草科 Nepenthaceae |
| 屬： | 豬籠草屬 Nepenthes |
| 種： | 維奇豬籠草 N. veitchii
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| 二名法 | |
| Nepenthes veitchii | |
| 異名 | |
維奇豬籠草（學名：Nepenthes veitchii）是婆羅洲特有的熱帶食蟲植物。[3]其廣泛分佈於婆羅洲西北部。其種加詞「veitchii」來源於維奇苗圃的主人，詹姆斯·維奇。[4]
低地地區的樹林中維奇豬籠草常附生，其以葉柄環抱樹杆向上生長。而在高地地區泥炭沼澤的維奇豬籠草則多陸生。[3]巴里奧地區的維奇豬籠草似乎嚴格陸生，未在該地區觀察到其附生植株。此外，低地地區和高地地區的維奇豬籠草在形態上也有區別，低地變型比高地變型的唇窄。[3]
維奇豬籠草被認為產於菲律賓的羅伯坎特利豬籠草（N. robcantleyi）之間存在着密切的近緣關係。[5]其也與寶特瓶豬籠草（N. truncata）進行了比較。[6]
植物學史[編輯]
弗雷德里克·威廉·伯比奇在《園丁紀事》中描述了維奇豬籠草的生活習性：[注 1][7][8]
| “ | 維奇豬籠草，嚴格附生。除了在高20至100英尺的樹幹上，我從未在任何地方上看到過維奇豬籠草。其葉片對生，部分葉片環扣着樹幹，就像一個人環抱住樹幹一樣。據我所知沒有其他任何豬籠草具有這樣的生活習性。 | ” |
1865年，奧多阿多·貝卡利在山都望山山頂發現了維奇豬籠草。他對其發現敘述到：[注 2][7][9]
| “ | 這種豬籠草極為精緻，罕見……部分標本可長達10英尺。該物種捕蟲籠的籠口為黃色、垂直，特別突出顯眼。其鮮艷的色彩可吸引昆蟲進入其完美的捕蟲籠中。 | ” |
種下類群[編輯]
以下為已被描述的維奇豬籠草的種下類群。但其現在都被認為是無效的，為裸名。
- Nepenthes veitchii f. barioensis Y.Fukatsu (1999) nom.nud.
- Nepenthes veitchii striata Veitch (1892) nom.nud.
自然雜交種[編輯]
以下為已發現的維奇豬籠草的自然雜交種。
- N. albomarginata × N. veitchii[10]
- N. chaniana × N. veitchii[4]
- ? N. faizaliana × N. veitchii[4]
- N. fusca × N. veitchii[10][=?N. hurrelliana]
- N. hurrelliana × N. veitchii[11][=?(N. fusca × N. veitchii) × N. veitchii]
- N. lowii × N. veitchii[10]
- N. stenophylla × N. veitchii[10]
註釋[編輯]
- ^ 弗雷德里克·威廉·伯比奇在《園丁紀事》中描述維奇豬籠草生活習性的原文：[7][8]
“ Now as to N. Veitchii. This is a true epiphyte. I never met with it on the ground anywhere, but in great quantity 20—100 feet high on tree trunks. Its distichous habit is unique, I fancy, and then some of the leaves actually clasp around the tree just as a man would fold his arms around it in similar circumstances. No other species of Nepenthes, so far as I know, has this habit. ” - ^ 奧多阿多·貝卡利對在山都望山發現的維奇豬籠草的敘述原文：[7][9]
“ This is one of the finest and rarest of all pitcher-plants. [...] Some of the specimens I got measured quite ten inches in length. The mouth of the pitcher in this species is certainly its most conspicuous and remarkable part by reason of its rich orange colour and its vertical position. It is also a perfect trap to entice insects into its interior, attracting them from a distance by its bright colours. Sir Joseph Hooker compares the mouth of the pitchers of N. veitchii to the gills of a fish, to which, indeed, with their narrow lamellae converging to the centre, they bear considerable resemblance. ”
參考文獻[編輯]
- ^ Hooker, J.D. 1859. XXXV. On the origin and development of the pitchers of Nepenthes, with an account of some new Bornean plants of that genus （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 22(4): 415–424. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1856.tb00113.x
- ^ Masters, M.T. 1872. The cultivated species of Nepenthes. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(16): 540–542.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 夏洛特. 食蟲植物觀賞&栽培圖鑑. 台北: 商周出版. 2007: 69–70. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Phillipps, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- ^ Cheek, M. 2011. Nepenthes robcantleyi sp. nov. (Nepenthaceae) from Mindanao, Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2011.01449.x
- ^ Macfarlane, J.M. 1927. The Philippine species of Nepenthes. The Philippine Journal of Science 33(2): 127–140.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Burbidge, F.W. 1882. Notes on the new Nepenthes （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(420): 56.
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Beccari, O. 1904. Wanderings in the Great Forests of Borneo. Constable, London.
- ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- ^ McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- [Anonymous] 1881. Messrs. Veitch's Nepenthes-house. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 16(410): 598–599.
- [Anonymous] 1881. New garden plants. Nepenthes Veitchii, Hook. f. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 16(416): 780–781.
- [Anonymous] 1883. Mr. A. E. Ratcliff's Nepenthes （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. The Gardeners' Chronicle 20(497): 18–19.
- [Anonymous] 1887. Nepenthes at Messrs. Veitch's, Chelsea. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 2(41): 438.
- Adam, J.H., C.C. Wilcock & M.D. Swaine 1992. The ecology and distribution of Bornean Nepenthes.PDF Journal of Tropical Forest Science 5(1): 13–25.
- Adam, J.H. & C.C. Wilcock 1999. Palynological study of Bornean Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae).PDF Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 22(1): 1–7.
- （法文） André, E. 1876. Nepenthes Veitchi, J. D. Hook.. L'Illustration horticole: revue mensuelle des serres et des jardins 23: 192–193, t. 261.
- Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25(1): 90–102. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02406.x
- Benz, M.J., E.V. Gorb & S.N. Gorb 2012. Diversity of the slippery zone microstructure in pitchers of nine carnivorous Nepenthes taxa. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 6(1): 147–158. doi:10.1007/s11829-011-9171-2
- Bourke, G. 2010. The climbing pitcher plants of the Kelabit highlands.PDF Captive Exotics Newsletter 1(1): 4–7.
- Bourke, G. 2011. The Nepenthes of Mulu National Park. Carniflora Australis 8(1): 20–31.
- Clarke et al. Nepenthes veitchii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2000. [11 May 2006].
- Clarke, C.M. 2006. Introduction. In: Danser, B.H. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 1–15.
- Damayanti, F., M. Mansur & I. Roostika 2011. Diversity of Nepenthes spp. in West Kalimantan. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 3(13): 705–708.
- De Witte, J. 1996. Nepenthes of Gunung Murud.PDF (567 KiB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 25(2): 41–45.
- Dixon, W.E. 1889. Nepenthes. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 6(144): 354.
- Dodd, C. 1990. Nepenthes veitchii.PDF (457 KiB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 19(3-4): 106-108.
- Hansen, E. 2001. Where rocks sing, ants swim, and plants eat animals: finding members of the Nepenthes carnivorous plant family in Borneo（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. Discover 22(10): 60–68.
- （法文） Jarry-Desloges, R. 1903. Variétés nouvelles ou rares de Nepenthes （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. Le Jardin 17: 72.
- Lee, C.C. 2000. Recent Nepenthes Discoveries （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. [video] The 3rd Conference of the International Carnivorous Plant Society, San Francisco, USA.
- Lee, C.C. 2002. Nepenthes species of the Hose Mountains in Sarawak, Borneo.PDF Proceedings of the 4th International Carnivorous Plant Conference, Hiroshima University, Tokyo: 25–30.
- Lee, C.C. 2002. Nepenthes species of the Hose Mountains in Sarawak, Borneo （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. [video] The 4th International Carnivorous Plant Conference, Tokyo, Japan. (video by Irmgard & Siegfried R. H. Hartmeyer)
- （印尼文） Mansur, M. 2001. Koleksi Nepenthes di Herbarium Bogoriense: prospeknya sebagai tanaman hias.PDF In: Prosiding Seminar Hari Cinta Puspa dan Satwa Nasional. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor. pp. 244–253.
- Moore, D. 1872. On the culture of Nepenthes at Glasnevin. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(11): 359–360.
- Masters, M.T. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes rubro-maculata×, Hort. Veitch. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(423): 143.
- Masters, M.T. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes lanata. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(424): 178.
- McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- Meimberg, H., P. Dittrich, G. Bringmann, J. Schlauer & G. Heubl 2000. Molecular phylogeny of Caryophyllidae s.l. based on matK sequences with special emphasis on carnivorous taxa. Plant Biology 2(2): 218–228. doi:10.1055/s-2000-9460
- Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164–175. doi:10.1055/s-2001-12897
- （德文） Meimberg, H. 2002. Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l..PDF Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
- Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840. doi:10.1055/s-2006-924676
- Meimberg, H., S. Thalhammer, A. Brachmann & G. Heubl 2006. Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the trnK intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(2): 478–490. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.023
- Miyagi, I. & T. Toma 2007. A new mosquito of the genus Topomyia (Diptera, Culicidae) from a Nepenthes pitcher plant in a Bario highland of Sarawak, Malaysia. Medical Entomology and Zoology 58(3): 167–174. Abstract （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
- （捷克文） Neubauer, J. 2003. Nepenthes veitchii Hook. F. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. Trifid 2003(2): 26–27. (page 2 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）)
- Siegara, A. & Yogiara 2009. Bacterial community profiles in the fluid of four pitcher plant species (Nepenthes spp.) grown in a nursery[永久失效連結]. Microbiology Indonesia 3(3): 109–114.
- Thorogood, C. 2010. The Malaysian Nepenthes: Evolutionary and Taxonomic Perspectives. Nova Science Publishers, New York.
擴展閱讀[編輯]
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