麥地奇銀行

Banco dei Medici
Banco dei Medici
成立	大約1397
結束	1499年
代表人物	喬凡尼·德·麥地奇, 科西莫·德·麥地奇, 皮耶羅·德·麥地奇, 洛倫佐·德·麥地奇, Francesco Sassetti, Piero di Lorenzo
總部	總部在意大利佛羅倫薩
產業	銀行業
產品	存款，匯票，奢侈品，普通商業貿易
員工人數	>50
母公司	Vieri di Cambio's bank
主要子公司	羅馬分行

麥地奇銀行（意大利語：Banco dei Medici，1397年－1494年）是15世紀歐洲最著名的銀行之一。^[1] 據估計，在某一時期內麥地奇家族甚至是全歐洲最富裕的家庭。通過這些驚人的財富，麥地奇家族牢牢掌握了佛羅倫薩的權力，並進一步擴展到整個意大利以致全歐洲。

麥地奇銀行一個值得稱道的貢獻是通過複式簿記的方法促進了分類記賬系統的發展。^[2]

喬凡尼·德·麥地奇是家族中是第一個進入銀行業務的人，隨後他逐漸成為佛羅倫薩政府中有影響的人物。但直到1434年，他的兒子科西莫·德·麥地奇時，麥地奇家族才真正成為佛羅倫薩共和國的實際統治者。

參考文獻[編輯]

^ The qualifier "during the 15th century" is important, as the Bardi and Peruzzi banks of the 14th century are considered to have been considerably larger in their prime; the smaller size of the Medici bank is attributed to poor business conditions, which are sometimes one of the proffered causes for the Medici bank's ultimate decline and failure. The Medici's relative lack of ambition can be seen in how they never truly challenged the 漢薩同盟, established no branches in the Middle East, and did not pursue the business in and around the 波羅的海. See pgs 5-6, 8 of de Roover 1966
^ "A surviving fragment of the ledger of the Bruges branch shows that the books were carefully kept and that the double-entry system was in use." pg 24, De Roover 1948. In an attached footnote, de Roover identifies the erroneous belief that the Medicis did not use double-entry as stemming from Otto Meltzing's mistake in Das Bankhaus der Medici und seine Vorläufer (Jena, 1906) and repeated in Gutkind's Cosimo.

de Roover, Raymond Adrien, The Medici Bank: its organization, management, and decline, New York; London: 紐約大學出版社; 牛津大學出版社分別出版, 1948 -(Largely a reprint of three articles de Roover published in The Journal of Economic History.)
de Roover, Raymond Adrien, The rise and decline of the Medici Bank: 1397-1494, 紐約; 倫敦: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.; George J. McLeod Limited (respectively), 1966, LCCN: 63-11417 -(the product of three years research in the Florentine archives, to improve the author's previous work; it was previously released in 1963, not by the Norton Library but by Harvard University Press)
Goldthwaite, Richard A. 美第奇银行和佛罗伦萨的资本主义. Past & Present (Oxford University Press for the Past and Present Society). February 1987, 114: 3–31. ISSN 0031-2746.
Goldthwaite, Richard A. "Local banking in Renaissance Florence". 歐洲經濟史記. 1985, 14: 5–55. ISSN 0391-5115.
de Roover, Florence Edler. "Francesco Sassetti and the Downfall of the Medici Banking House". Bulletin of the Business Historical Society (The President and Fellows of Harvard College). October 1943, 17 (4): 65–80 [2006-09-21].

Parks, Tim, Medici money: banking, metaphysics, and art in fifteenth-century Florence, W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2005, ISBN 0-393-05827-1
Grunzwig, Armand, Correspondance de la filiale de Bruges des Medici, Brussels, 1931, OCLC: 1973038 - (A compilation of correspondence between the Medici bank branch at Bruges and the home branch in Florence.)
Sieveking, Heinrich Johann, Auswärtige handelspolitik, Leipzig, 1905, LCCN: 05-23618
von Reumont, Alfred; Harrison, Robert, Lorenzo de' Medici, the Magnificent, London, 1876, OCLC: 576516
Holmes, George, How the Medici Became the Pope's Bankers, Rubinstein, Nicolai (編), Florentine Studies: Politics and Society in Renaissance Florence 1, London: Northwestern University Press: 357–380, 1968, OCLC: 929397 .
Rubinstein, Nicolai, The Letters of Lorenzo de' Medici and of the Medici Bank: Problems of Authorship, Rinascimento xxii, 1982, xxii: 115–164 .
Brown, Alison, Pierfrancesco de' Medici, 1430-1476: A Radical Alternative to Elder Medicean Supremacy?, Jl. Warburg and Courtauld Insts. xlii, 1979, xlii: 81–103 .