十八烷

十八烷
	IUPAC名; Octadecane
	系统名; Octadecane
别名	正十八烷
识别
CAS号	593-45-3
PubChem	11635
ChemSpider	11145
SMILES	C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C;
InChI	1/C18H38/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3-18H2,1-2H3;
InChIKey	RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYAL
EINECS	209-790-3
ChEBI	CHEBI:32926
MeSH	C022883
性质
化学式	C18H38
摩尔质量	254.494 g·mol⁻¹
外观	白色晶体或粉末
密度	0.93 g·cm−3（21 °C）; 0.777 g·cm−3（27 °C，液体）
熔点	27 °C（300 K）; 29 °C（302 K）
沸点	317 °C（590 K）
蒸气压	1 mm Hg（119 °C）
结构
晶体结构	三斜晶系
危险性
欧盟分类	EUH066
H-术语	H335, H319, H315, H304
主要危害
相关物质
相关化合物	十七烷; 十九烷
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

十八烷是一种有机化合物，一种化学式为C₁₈H₃₈的烷烃，室温下为固体，可由1-十八烯^[4]或硬脂酸乙酯^[5]的催化加氢得到。

反应[编辑]

十八烷在乙酰丙酮锰(III)（德语：Mangan(III)-acetylacetonat）存在下于200 °C被四氯化碳氯化，可以得到2-氯十八烷、少量的1-氯十八烷以及多氯代物。^[6]在吡啶催化下，它和磺酰氯在光照下反应，可以得到十八烷基磺酰氯。^[7]

参考文献[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Müller, A., & Lonsdale, K. The low-temperature form of C18H38. Acta Crystallographica. 1948, 1 (3): 129–131 [2023-07-08]. doi:10.1107/s0365110x4800034x. （原始内容存档于2023-11-25）.
^ Miao Chunyan, Lü Gang, Yao Youwei, Tang Guoyi, Weng Duan, Qiu Jianhui, Mizuno Mamoru. Preparation of Silica Microcapsules Containing Octadecane as Temperature-adjusting Powder. Chemistry Letters. 2007, 36 (4): 494–495 [2023-07-08]. ISSN 0366-7022. doi:10.1246/cl.2007.494. （原始内容存档于2023-12-06）.
^ Khanal, O., & Shooter, D. Qualitative analysis of organics in atmospheric particulates by headspace solid phase microextraction-GC/MS. Atmospheric Environment. 2004, 38 (40): 6917–6925. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.01.059.
^ Sourav Ghosh, Balaji R. Jagirdar. Synthesis of mesoporous iridium nanosponge: a highly active, thermally stable and efficient olefin hydrogenation catalyst. Dalton Transactions. 2017, (34): 11431–11439 [2023-07-08]. doi:10.1039/C7DT01358B. （原始内容存档于2023-07-09）.
^ Junxing Han, Jinzhao Duan, Ping Chen, Hui Lou, Xiaoming Zheng. Molybdenum Carbide-Catalyzed Conversion of Renewable Oils into Diesel-like Hydrocarbons. Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis. 2011, 353 (14-15): 2577–2583 [2023-07-08]. doi:10.1002/adsc.201100217. （原始内容存档于2023-07-08）.
^ Khusnutdinov, R. I., Shchadneva, N. A., Bayguzina, A. R., Oshnyakova, T. M., Mayakova, Y. Y., & Dzhemilev, U. M. Chlorination of hydrocarbons with CCl₄ catalyzed by complexes of Mn, Mo, V, Fe. Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2013, 49 (11): 1557–1566 [2023-07-08]. doi:10.1134/s1070428013110018. （原始内容存档于2023-07-09）.
^ Bougueroua, M., Mousli, R., & Tazerouti, A. Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Alanine-Based Surfactants. Journal of Surfactants and Detergents. 2016, 19 (6): 1121–1131 [2023-07-08]. doi:10.1007/s11743-016-1878-8. （原始内容存档于2023-07-08）.

[Muller-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Müller, A., & Lonsdale, K. The low-temperature form of C18H38. Acta Crystallographica. 1948, 1 (3): 129–131 [2023-07-08]. doi:10.1107/s0365110x4800034x. （原始内容存档于2023-11-25）.

[2] Miao Chunyan, Lü Gang, Yao Youwei, Tang Guoyi, Weng Duan, Qiu Jianhui, Mizuno Mamoru. Preparation of Silica Microcapsules Containing Octadecane as Temperature-adjusting Powder. Chemistry Letters. 2007, 36 (4): 494–495 [2023-07-08]. ISSN 0366-7022. doi:10.1246/cl.2007.494. （原始内容存档于2023-12-06）.

[3] Khanal, O., & Shooter, D. Qualitative analysis of organics in atmospheric particulates by headspace solid phase microextraction-GC/MS. Atmospheric Environment. 2004, 38 (40): 6917–6925. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.01.059.

[4] Sourav Ghosh, Balaji R. Jagirdar. Synthesis of mesoporous iridium nanosponge: a highly active, thermally stable and efficient olefin hydrogenation catalyst. Dalton Transactions. 2017, (34): 11431–11439 [2023-07-08]. doi:10.1039/C7DT01358B. （原始内容存档于2023-07-09）.

[5] Junxing Han, Jinzhao Duan, Ping Chen, Hui Lou, Xiaoming Zheng. Molybdenum Carbide-Catalyzed Conversion of Renewable Oils into Diesel-like Hydrocarbons. Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis. 2011, 353 (14-15): 2577–2583 [2023-07-08]. doi:10.1002/adsc.201100217. （原始内容存档于2023-07-08）.

[6] Khusnutdinov, R. I., Shchadneva, N. A., Bayguzina, A. R., Oshnyakova, T. M., Mayakova, Y. Y., & Dzhemilev, U. M. Chlorination of hydrocarbons with CCl₄ catalyzed by complexes of Mn, Mo, V, Fe. Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2013, 49 (11): 1557–1566 [2023-07-08]. doi:10.1134/s1070428013110018. （原始内容存档于2023-07-09）.

[7] Bougueroua, M., Mousli, R., & Tazerouti, A. Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Alanine-Based Surfactants. Journal of Surfactants and Detergents. 2016, 19 (6): 1121–1131 [2023-07-08]. doi:10.1007/s11743-016-1878-8. （原始内容存档于2023-07-08）.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]