圣瓦伦廷

罗马的圣华楞定
罗马的圣华楞定
	瓦伦丁·麦琴格（Valentin Metzinger）画的圣瓦伦廷的胜利，约18世纪
司铎及殉道者
出生	不详
逝世	传统约269年
敬礼于	罗马公教; 正教会; 西仪正教会; 信义宗; 普世圣公宗; 一些新教教会例如浸信会
瞻礼	2月14日（天主教会、信义宗与圣公宗）; 7月30日（正教会）
象征（英语：Saint symbolism）	鸟、玫瑰、bishop with a crippled or a child with epilepsy at his feet; bishop with a rooster nearby; bishop refusing to adore an idol; bishop being beheaded; priest bearing a sword; priest holding a sun; priest giving sight to a blind girl
主保	已订婚的情侣、抗昏厥、养蜂人、幸福婚姻、爱情、腺鼠疫、癫痫

圣瓦伦廷，天主教会译为罗马的圣华楞定（拉丁语：Valentinus）是一位广受尊崇的三世纪罗马圣人，纪念日在2月14日，自中世纪中期起便和宫廷爱情有连系。除了名字和2月14日死在弗拉米尼亚大道，他的其他事迹并没有可靠记载。不肯定圣瓦伦廷是一位圣人还是两位同名的圣人。后期的圣人传记加入了一些不同的故事。因此，他的纪念日不被保留在1969年修订的天主教圣人历，但他仍在2月14日在特别罗马圣人历受尊崇。^[2]可是，“2月14日在罗马米尔维奥桥附近弗拉米尼亚大道殉难的殉道者瓦伦丁”仍在官方认可给各地景仰的圣人表中。^[3]

今日，圣瓦伦廷节是普世圣公宗和信义宗的正式庆日。^[4]^[5]在正教会，圣瓦伦廷监督节在7月6日纪念，而殉道者圣瓦伦廷节在7月30日。^[6] ^[7]在希腊正教会，名为华伦提奴（男）或华伦提娜（女）的信众可以在西方的教会历中的2月14日庆祝。^[8]

圣瓦伦丁钥匙[编辑]

圣瓦伦丁也是癫痫的守护者，癫痫曾一度被称作圣瓦伦丁病^[9]。圣瓦伦丁钥匙是金属钥匙，可以作为情人间打开心锁的象征，也可以作为驱除癫痫的护身符。直到现在，在意大利帕多瓦省蒙塞利切的一个小教堂，圣乔治堂，每年2月14日都会举行一个特别仪式，儿童们会得到一个小的金钥匙来避开癫痫^[10]。

注释[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Jones, Terry. Valentine of Rome. Patron Saints Tom. [2007-02-14]. （原始内容存档于2010-04-01）.
^ Calendarium Romanum Libreria Editrice Vaticana (1969), p. 117
^ "Die 14 februarii memoria Romae via Flaminia iuxta pontem Milvium, sancti Valentini, martyris". See Martyrologium Romanum, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2001, p. 141 (February 14).
^ Holy Days. Church of England (Anglican Communion). 2012 [2012-10-27]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-25）. February 14 Valentine, Martyr at Rome, c.269
^ Pfatteicher, Philip H. New Book of Festivals and Commemorations: A Proposed Common Calendar of Saints. Fortress Press. 2008-08-01: 86 [2012-10-27]. ISBN 9780800621285. （原始内容存档于2021-03-05）. IO February 14 The Lutheran Service Book, with its penchant for the old Roman calendar, commemorates Valentine on this date.
^ Martyr Valentinus the Presbyter and those with him at Rome （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Orthodox Church in America website.
^ Hieromartyr Valentine the Bishop of Interamna, Terni in Italy （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Orthodox Church in America
^ Greek Orthodox names in February. [2014-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-27）.
^ Illes, Judika. Encyclopedia of Mystics, Saints & Sages. HarperCollins. 2011-10-11: 1238. ISBN 978-0-06-209854-2. Saint Valentine is invoked for healing as well as love. He protects against fainting and is requested to heal epilepsy and other seizure disorders. In northern Italy, epilepsy was once traditionally known as Saint Valentine's Malady.
^ Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford, "St Valentine Key, Italy". [2015-02-19]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-19）.

文献[编辑]

Johannes Baptista de Rossi et Ludovicus Duchesne, ed., Martyrologium Hieronymianum: ad fidem codicum adiectis prolegomenis. Ex Actibus Sanctorum Novembris, Tomi II, pars prior. Bruxellis 1894. lxxxii, 195 p. S. Valentinus, p. 20.
De Voragine, Jacobus. The Life of Saint Valentine. In Legenda Aurea, compiled around 1275
Thurston, Herbert. St. Valentine. The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol.15. 1912 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
Hülsen, Christian. 1927. Le chiese di Roma nel medio evo: cataloghi ed appunti. Florence. CXV, 640 p. (On-line text).
Thurston, Herbert. 1933. St. Valentine, Martyr. In Alban Butler's Lives of the Saints, Vol. II, pp. 214–217. New York . 409 p..
Aigrain, René. 1953. Hagiographie: Ses sources, ses méthodes, son histoire. Paris 1953.
Amore, Agostino. 1966. S. Valentino di Roma o di Terni?, Antonianum 41 (1966), pp 260–77.
Kellogg, Alfred. 1972. Chaucer's St. Valentine: A Conjecture. In Kellogg, Chaucer, Langland, Arthur. 1972, pp. 108–145.
Amore, Agostino. 1975. I martiri di Roma. Roma, Antonianum, 1975. 322 p.
Kelly, Henry Ansgar 1986. Chaucer and the cult of Saint Valentine. Leiden, the Netherlands. 185 p.
Martyrologium Romanum 2001. Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2001, p. 141 (February 14). 773 p.
In Search of St. Valentine. Scotsman.com blog, 14 February 2005.
Oruch, Jack B. 1981. St. Valentine, Chaucer, and Spring in February, Speculum 56 (July 1981), pp 534–565.
Schoepflin, Maurizio and Seren, Linda. 2000. San Valentino di Terni : storia, tradizione, devozione. Morena (Roma), 2000. 111 p.
Paglia, Vincenzo. 2007. Saint Valentine's Message. Washington Post, February 15, 2007.
Saint Valentine: Biography. Diocese of Terni. 2009.

外部链接[编辑]

[patron-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Jones, Terry. Valentine of Rome. Patron Saints Tom. [2007-02-14]. （原始内容存档于2010-04-01）.

[2] Calendarium Romanum Libreria Editrice Vaticana (1969), p. 117

[3] "Die 14 februarii memoria Romae via Flaminia iuxta pontem Milvium, sancti Valentini, martyris". See Martyrologium Romanum, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2001, p. 141 (February 14).

[Anglican-4] Holy Days. Church of England (Anglican Communion). 2012 [2012-10-27]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-25）. February 14 Valentine, Martyr at Rome, c.269

[Pfatteicher2008-5] Pfatteicher, Philip H. New Book of Festivals and Commemorations: A Proposed Common Calendar of Saints. Fortress Press. 2008-08-01: 86 [2012-10-27]. ISBN 9780800621285. （原始内容存档于2021-03-05）. IO February 14 The Lutheran Service Book, with its penchant for the old Roman calendar, commemorates Valentine on this date.

[6] Martyr Valentinus the Presbyter and those with him at Rome （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Orthodox Church in America website.

[7] Hieromartyr Valentine the Bishop of Interamna, Terni in Italy （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Orthodox Church in America

[8] Greek Orthodox names in February. [2014-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-27）.

[Illes2011-9] Illes, Judika. Encyclopedia of Mystics, Saints & Sages. HarperCollins. 2011-10-11: 1238. ISBN 978-0-06-209854-2. Saint Valentine is invoked for healing as well as love. He protects against fainting and is requested to heal epilepsy and other seizure disorders. In northern Italy, epilepsy was once traditionally known as Saint Valentine's Malady.

[10] Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford, "St Valentine Key, Italy". [2015-02-19]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-19）.

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