薄板龙科

薄板龙科; 化石时期：130–66 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	薄板龙
保护状况
	化石
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	爬行纲 Reptilia
目：	†蛇颈龙目 Plesiosauria
演化支：	†新蛇颈龙类 Neoplesiosauria
亚目：	†蛇颈龙亚目 Plesiosauroidea
演化支：	†浅隐龙类 Cryptoclidia
演化支：	†奇渔龙类 Xenopsaria
科：	†薄板龙科 Elasmosauridae; Cope, 1825
异名
	白垩龙科 Cimoliasauridae Persson, 1960

薄板龙科（Elasmosauridae）属于蛇颈龙亚目，是蛇颈龙类中最先进的一群，也是颈部最长的一群。薄板龙科生存于三叠纪晚期到白垩纪末期。它们以鱼类及缺乏甲壳的头足类为主食。

体型[编辑]

薄板龙科中最早的成员体型很小，身长约3米。在白垩纪末期，薄板龙科的身长为14米，例如薄板龙。它们的颈部是蛇颈龙类中最长的，拥有32到71节颈椎。薄板龙甚至有超过70个脊椎骨。薄板龙科的体重只有数公吨。

分类[编辑]

在1869年，爱德华·德林克·科普（Edward Drinker Cope）建立、命名薄板龙科，以容纳薄板龙属。

薄板龙科 Elasmosauridae下级分类如下：

亚历士龙属 Alexeyisaurus?
卡拉瓦亚龙属 Callawayasaurus
白垩龙属 Cimoliasaurus^[1]
伊罗曼加龙属 Eromangasaurus
费雷斯诺龙属 Fresnosaurus
角龙属 Goniosaurus
狡蛇龙属（英语：Jucha） Jucha
莱讷河泳龙属 Lagenanectes
莱瓦泳龙属 Leivanectes
平椎龙属 Leurospondylus?
毛伊龙属 Mauisaurus
Ogmodirus（英语：Ogmodirus）?
覆蜥龙属 Orophosaurus
近薄板龙属（英语：Plesioelasmosaurus） Plesioelasmosaurus^[2]
斯堪尼龙属 Scanisaurus
白浪泳龙属 Wapuskanectes^[3]
伍伦加龙属 Woolungasaurus^[4]
窈颈龙属 Zarafasaura^[5]
真薄板龙类 Euelasmosaurida^[6]
- 心鸦龙属 Cardiocorax^[7]
- 西南泳龙属 Libonectes
- 海霸龙属 Thalassomedon
- 薄板龙亚科 Elasmosaurinae
  - 阿尔伯塔泳龙属 Albertonectes
  - 薄板龙属 Elasmosaurus
  - 河泳龙属 Fluvionectes
  - 水怪龙属 Hydrotherosaurus
  - 友泳龙属（英语：Nakonanectes） Nakonanectes^[8]
  - 神河龙属 Styxosaurus
  - 末泳龙属（英语：Terminonatator） Terminonatator
- 威德尔泳龙类 Weddellonectia^[9]^[10]
  - 海泡龙属 Aphrosaurus
  - 丘布特泳龙属 Chubutinectes^[11]
  - 双叶龙属 Futabasaurus
  - 卡瓦泳龙属 Kawanectes
  - 马兰比奥泳龙属（英语：Marambionectes） Marambionectes^[12]
  - Morenosaurus（英语：Morenosaurus）
  - 古代龙属（英语：Tuarangisaurus） Tuarangisaurus
  - 维加龙属（英语：Vegasaurus） Vegasaurus
  - 极泳龙亚科 Aristonectinae
    - 亚历山大泳龙属 Alexandronectes
    - 极泳龙属 Aristonectes
    - 猎蛸龙属 Kaiwhekea
    - 莫特纳龙属 Morturneria
    - 古涅菲亚龙属（英语：Wunyelfia） Wunyelfia

参考资料[编辑]

^ F. Robin O'Keefe; Hallie P. Street. Osteology Of The Cryptoclidoid Plesiosaur Tatenectes laramiensis, With Comments On The Taxonomic Status Of The Cimoliasauridae (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2009, 29 (1): 48–57. Bibcode:2009JVPal..29...48O. S2CID 31924376. doi:10.1671/039.029.0118.
^ Schumacher, Bruce A.; Everhart, Michael J. Washed Ashore – New Elasmosaurid Specimens (Plesiosauria: Sauropterygia) from the Late Cretaceous of Colorado and Kansas and Their Bearing on Elasmosaurid Lineages of the Western Interior Seaway. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 2022, 125 (3–4): 237–263. ISSN 0022-8443. S2CID 253364262. doi:10.1660/062.125.0313.
^ Patrick S. Druckenmiller; Anthony P. Russell. A new elasmosaurid plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Cretaceous Clearwater Formation, northeastern Alberta, Canada (PDF). Paludicola. 2006, 5 (4): 184–199. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-06）.
^ Benjamin P. Kear. A new elasmosaurid plesiosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Queensland, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2005, 25 (4): 792–805. S2CID 86297695. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0792:ANEPFT]2.0.CO;2.
^ Peggy Vincent; Nathalie Bardet; Xabier Pereda Suberbiola; Baâdi Bouya; Mbarek Amaghzaz; Saïd Meslouh. Zarafasaura oceanis, a new elasmosaurid (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Maastrichtian Phosphates of Morocco and the palaeobiogeography of latest Cretaceous plesiosaurs. Gondwana Research. 2011, 19 (4): 1062–1073. Bibcode:2011GondR..19.1062V. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2010.10.005.
^ O'Gorman, Jose P. Elasmosaurid phylogeny and paleobiogeography, with a reappraisal of Aphrosaurus furlongi from the Maastrichtian of the Moreno Formation. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2020-03-13, 39 (5): e1692025. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1692025 （英语）.
^ Araújo, R., Polcyn M. J., Schulp A. S., Mateus O., Jacobs L. L., Gonçalves O. A., & Morais M. - L. (2015). A new elasmosaurid from the early Maastrichtian of Angola and the implications of girdle morphology on swimming style in plesiosaurs. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. FirstView, 1–12., 1
^ Serratos, Danielle J.; Druckenmiller, Patrick; Benson, Roger B. J. A new elasmosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Bearpaw Shale (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) of Montana demonstrates multiple evolutionary reductions of neck length within Elasmosauridae. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2017, 37 (2): e1278608. Bibcode:2017JVPal..37E8608S. S2CID 132717607. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1278608.
^ O'Gorman, José P.; Coria, Rodolfo A. A new elasmosaurid specimen from the upper Maastrichtian of Antarctica: new evidence of a monophyletic group of Weddellian elasmosaurids. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 2016-09-21, 41 (2): 240–249. ISSN 0311-5518. doi:10.1080/03115518.2016.1224318 （英语）.
^ O'Gorman, José P.; Panzeri, Karen M.; Fernández, Marta S.; Santillana, Sergio; Moly, Juan J.; Reguero, Marcelo. A new elasmosaurid from the upper Maastrichtian López de Bertodano Formation: new data on weddellonectian diversity (PDF). Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 2017-07-24, 42 (4): 575–586. ISSN 0311-5518. doi:10.1080/03115518.2017.1339233 （英语）.
^ O'Gorman, José P.; Carignano, Ana Paula; Calvo-Marcilese, Lydia; Pérez Panera, Juan Pablo. A new elasmosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the upper levels of the La Colonia Formation (upper Maastrichtian), Chubut Province, Argentina. Cretaceous Research. 2023-08-10, 152: 105674. ISSN 0195-6671. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105674 （英语）.
^ O'Gorman, Jose P.; Canale, Juan I.; Bona, Paula; Tineo, David E.; Reguero, Marcelo; Cárdenas, Magalí. A new elasmosaurid (Plesiosauria: Sauropterygia) from the López de Bertodano Formation: new data on the evolution of the aristonectine morphology. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 2024-12-31, 22 (1). ISSN 1477-2019. doi:10.1080/14772019.2024.2312302 （英语）.

外部链接[编辑]

https://web.archive.org/web/20070714234015/http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Units/220Lepidosauromorpha/220.700.html#Elasmosauridae

[O'KeefeandStreet-1] F. Robin O'Keefe; Hallie P. Street. Osteology Of The Cryptoclidoid Plesiosaur Tatenectes laramiensis, With Comments On The Taxonomic Status Of The Cimoliasauridae (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2009, 29 (1): 48–57. Bibcode:2009JVPal..29...48O. S2CID 31924376. doi:10.1671/039.029.0118.

[Plesioelasmosaurus-2] Schumacher, Bruce A.; Everhart, Michael J. Washed Ashore – New Elasmosaurid Specimens (Plesiosauria: Sauropterygia) from the Late Cretaceous of Colorado and Kansas and Their Bearing on Elasmosaurid Lineages of the Western Interior Seaway. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 2022, 125 (3–4): 237–263. ISSN 0022-8443. S2CID 253364262. doi:10.1660/062.125.0313.

[Wapuskanectes-3] Patrick S. Druckenmiller; Anthony P. Russell. A new elasmosaurid plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Cretaceous Clearwater Formation, northeastern Alberta, Canada (PDF). Paludicola. 2006, 5 (4): 184–199. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-06）.

[Eromangasaurus-4] Benjamin P. Kear. A new elasmosaurid plesiosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Queensland, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2005, 25 (4): 792–805. S2CID 86297695. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0792:ANEPFT]2.0.CO;2.

[Zarafasaura-5] Peggy Vincent; Nathalie Bardet; Xabier Pereda Suberbiola; Baâdi Bouya; Mbarek Amaghzaz; Saïd Meslouh. Zarafasaura oceanis, a new elasmosaurid (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Maastrichtian Phosphates of Morocco and the palaeobiogeography of latest Cretaceous plesiosaurs. Gondwana Research. 2011, 19 (4): 1062–1073. Bibcode:2011GondR..19.1062V. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2010.10.005.

[Euelasmosaurida-6] O'Gorman, Jose P. Elasmosaurid phylogeny and paleobiogeography, with a reappraisal of Aphrosaurus furlongi from the Maastrichtian of the Moreno Formation. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2020-03-13, 39 (5): e1692025. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1692025 （英语）.

[7] Araújo, R., Polcyn M. J., Schulp A. S., Mateus O., Jacobs L. L., Gonçalves O. A., & Morais M. - L. (2015). A new elasmosaurid from the early Maastrichtian of Angola and the implications of girdle morphology on swimming style in plesiosaurs. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. FirstView, 1–12., 1

[8] Serratos, Danielle J.; Druckenmiller, Patrick; Benson, Roger B. J. A new elasmosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Bearpaw Shale (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) of Montana demonstrates multiple evolutionary reductions of neck length within Elasmosauridae. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2017, 37 (2): e1278608. Bibcode:2017JVPal..37E8608S. S2CID 132717607. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1278608.

[Weddellonectia-9] O'Gorman, José P.; Coria, Rodolfo A. A new elasmosaurid specimen from the upper Maastrichtian of Antarctica: new evidence of a monophyletic group of Weddellian elasmosaurids. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 2016-09-21, 41 (2): 240–249. ISSN 0311-5518. doi:10.1080/03115518.2016.1224318 （英语）.

[10] O'Gorman, José P.; Panzeri, Karen M.; Fernández, Marta S.; Santillana, Sergio; Moly, Juan J.; Reguero, Marcelo. A new elasmosaurid from the upper Maastrichtian López de Bertodano Formation: new data on weddellonectian diversity (PDF). Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 2017-07-24, 42 (4): 575–586. ISSN 0311-5518. doi:10.1080/03115518.2017.1339233 （英语）.

[Chubutinectes-11] O'Gorman, José P.; Carignano, Ana Paula; Calvo-Marcilese, Lydia; Pérez Panera, Juan Pablo. A new elasmosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the upper levels of the La Colonia Formation (upper Maastrichtian), Chubut Province, Argentina. Cretaceous Research. 2023-08-10, 152: 105674. ISSN 0195-6671. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105674 （英语）.

[Marambionectes-12] O'Gorman, Jose P.; Canale, Juan I.; Bona, Paula; Tineo, David E.; Reguero, Marcelo; Cárdenas, Magalí. A new elasmosaurid (Plesiosauria: Sauropterygia) from the López de Bertodano Formation: new data on the evolution of the aristonectine morphology. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 2024-12-31, 22 (1). ISSN 1477-2019. doi:10.1080/14772019.2024.2312302 （英语）.

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