兰氏结

兰氏结
Drawing of a peripheral nerve axon (labeled "axis cylinder"), showing a node of Ranvier along with other features
光学显微镜下的兰氏结
基本信息
系统	神经系统
位置	Myelinated axon of a nerve
标识字符
拉丁文	incisura myelini
MeSH	D011901
TH	H2.00.06.2.03015
《显微解剖学术语》

兰氏结（英语：Nodes of Ranvier）又名郎飞结，郎飞氏结。是神经元的一部分，以首位描述该结构的法国科学家路易斯·安托万·兰维尔为名。

神经元的髓鞘包覆着轴突，兰氏结是神经元上每隔数毫米就会出现的没有髓鞘的部分。

跳跃传导学说认为，因为在兰氏结之间的结间区的电阻极高，而在结区的电阻极低，并且轴突膜仅在结区可接触细胞外液，所以，局部电流必须在兰氏结处穿出膜在髓鞘处形成回路，进行跳跃式传导。

虾的内侧大纤维没有兰氏结。

概论

神经细胞
树突 细胞体 轴突 细胞核 兰氏结 突触 许旺细胞 髓鞘
典型神经元的结构

附加图片

• 
  神经元细胞结构示意图
• 
  Medullated nerve fibers stained with silver nitrate

参见

• 结间段（节间段、结间体）
• 施旺细胞
• 少突神经胶质细胞（少突胶质细胞、寡突胶细胞、寡突细胞、少突细胞、稀少突起阿胶细胞、稀突起胶细胞）
• 髓磷脂

参考文献

• Baumann, Nicole; Pham-Dinh, Danielle. Biology of Oligodendrocyte and Myelin in the Mammalian Central Nervous System. Physiological Reviews. 2001, 81 (2): 871–927 [2007-07-13]. PMID 11274346. （原始内容存档于2007-05-26）. 
• Ragheb, Fadi. The M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Mediates p42^mapk Activation and c-fos mRNA Expression in Oligodendrocyte Progenitors (PDF). Ottawa: National Library of Canada. 1999 [2006-03-07]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2006-05-16）. 
• Raine, C.S. (1991). Oligodendrocytes and central nervous system myelin. In Textbook of Neuropathology, second edition, R.L. Davis and D.M. Robertson, eds. (Baltimore, Maryland: Williams and Wilkins), pp. 115–141.
• Tkachev D, Mimmack ML, Ryan MM, et al. Oligodendrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Lancet. September 2003, 362 (9386): 798–805. PMID 13678875. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14289-4. 
• Káradóttir, R.; D. Attwell. Neurotransmiter receptors in the life and death of oligodendrocytes. Neuroscience. 14 April 2007, 145 (4): 1426–1438. PMC 2173944 . PMID 17049173. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.08.070. 
• Carlson, Neil. Physiology of Behavior. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. 2010: 38–39. ISBN 0-205-66627-2. 
• Sokol, Stacey. The Physiology and Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis: Physiological Tutorial. [2012-04-29]. （原始内容存档于2012-07-16）. 
• Fields, Douglas. White Matter Matters. Scientific American. 18 February 2008, 298 (March 2008): 54–61 [2012-04-29]. Bibcode:2008SciAm.298c..54D. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0308-54. （原始内容存档于2013-11-01）. 
• Menn, Benedicte; Oscar Gonzalez-Perez. Origin of Oligodendrocytes in the Subventricular Zone of the Adult Brain. The Journal of Neuroscience. 26 July 2006, 26 (30): 7907–7918 [2012-04-29]. PMID 16870736. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1299-06.2006. （原始内容存档于2019-12-07）. 
• Gonzalez-Perez, O, B; Romero-Rodriguez, R; Soriano-Navarro, M; Garcia-Verdugo, JM; Alvarez-Buylla, A. Epidermal growth factor induces the progeny of subventricular zone type B cells to migrate and differentiate into oligodendrocytes.. Stem Cells. 2009, 27 (8): 2032–43. PMC 3346259 . PMID 19544429. doi:10.1002/stem.119. 
• Vallstedt, A; Klos JM; Ericson F. Multiple dorsoventral origins of oligodendrocyte generation in the spinal cord and hindbrain. Neuron. 1. 6 January 2005, 45 (1): 55–67. PMID 15629702. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.12.026. 
• Thomas, JL; Spassky N; Perez Villegas EM; Olivier C; Cobos I; Goujet-Zalc C; Martínez S; Zalc B. Spatiotemporal development of oligodendrocytes in the embryonic brain. Journal of Neuroscience Research. 15 February 2000, 59 (4): 471–476. PMID 10679785. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(20000215)59:4<471::AID-JNR1>3.0.CO;2-3. 
• Richardson, WD; Kessaris, N; Pringle, N. Oligodendrocyte wars. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 1. 2006, 7 (1): 11–18. PMID 16371946. doi:10.1038/nrn1826. 

外部链接

• Cell Centered Database – Node of Ranvier （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• Organology at UC Davis nervous/pns/nerve2/nerve5 – "PNS, nerve (LM, Medium)"