金的同位素

**主要的金同位素**
标准原子质量（英语：Standard atomic weight） (Ar, 标准)	196.966570(4);
←Pt（78）	Hg（80）→
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金（原子量：196.966570(4)）有1种稳定同位素（¹⁹⁷Au）及36种放射性同位素。

金-197是观测上稳定的同位素，即理论上具有放射性，但实验中未有观察到。现时，金被认定是最重的单一同位素元素。

图表[编辑]

符号	Z（ p ）	N（ n ）	同位素质量（u）	半衰期^{[n 1]}	衰变方式^[2]^{[n 2]}	衰变产物^{[n 3]}	原子核自旋	相对丰度（莫耳分率）	相对丰度（莫耳分率）
符号	激发能量			半衰期^{[n 1]}	衰变方式^[2]^{[n 2]}	衰变产物^{[n 3]}	原子核自旋	相对丰度（莫耳分率）	相对丰度（莫耳分率）
¹⁶⁹Au	79	90	168.99808(32)#	150# µs			1/2+#
¹⁷⁰Au	79	91	169.99612(22)#	310(50) µs [286(+50−40) µs]			(2−)
^170mAu	275(14) keV			630(60) µs [0.62(+6−5) ms]			(9+)
¹⁷¹Au	79	92	170.991879(28)	30(5) µs	p	¹⁷⁰Pt	(1/2+)
¹⁷¹Au	79	92	170.991879(28)	30(5) µs	α （不常见）	¹⁶⁷Ir	(1/2+)
^171mAu	250(16) keV			1.014(19) ms	α (54%)	¹⁶⁷Ir	11/2−
^171mAu	250(16) keV			1.014(19) ms	p (46%)	¹⁷⁰Pt	11/2−
¹⁷²Au	79	93	171.99004(17)#	4.7(11) ms	α (98%)	¹⁶⁸Ir	high
¹⁷²Au	79	93	171.99004(17)#	4.7(11) ms	p (2%)	¹⁷¹Pt	high
¹⁷³Au	79	94	172.986237(28)	25(1) ms	α	¹⁶⁹Ir	(1/2+)
¹⁷³Au	79	94	172.986237(28)	25(1) ms	β⁺ （不常见）	¹⁷³Pt	(1/2+)
^173mAu	214(23) keV			14.0(9) ms	α (96%)	¹⁶⁹Ir	(11/2−)
^173mAu	214(23) keV			14.0(9) ms	β⁺ (4%)	¹⁷³Pt	(11/2−)
¹⁷⁴Au	79	95	173.98476(11)#	139(3) ms	α	¹⁷⁰Ir	low
¹⁷⁴Au	79	95	173.98476(11)#	139(3) ms	β⁺ （不常见）	¹⁷⁴Pt	low
^174mAu	360(70)# keV			171(29) ms			high
¹⁷⁵Au	79	96	174.98127(5)	100# ms	α (82%)	¹⁷¹Ir	1/2+#
¹⁷⁵Au	79	96	174.98127(5)	100# ms	β⁺ (18%)	¹⁷⁵Pt	1/2+#
^175mAu	200(30)# keV			156(3) ms	α	¹⁷¹Ir	11/2−#
^175mAu	200(30)# keV			156(3) ms	β⁺	¹⁷⁵Pt	11/2−#
¹⁷⁶Au	79	97	175.98010(11)#	1.08(17) s [0.84(+17−14) s]	α (60%)	¹⁷²Ir	(5−)
¹⁷⁶Au	79	97	175.98010(11)#	1.08(17) s [0.84(+17−14) s]	β⁺ (40%)	¹⁷⁶Pt	(5−)
^176mAu	150(100)# keV			860(160) ms			(7+)
¹⁷⁷Au	79	98	176.976865(14)	1.462(32) s	β⁺ (60%)	¹⁷⁷Pt	(1/2+,3/2+)
¹⁷⁷Au	79	98	176.976865(14)	1.462(32) s	α (40%)	¹⁷³Ir	(1/2+,3/2+)
^177mAu	216(26) keV			1.180(12) s			11/2−
¹⁷⁸Au	79	99	177.97603(6)	2.6(5) s	β⁺ (60%)	¹⁷⁸Pt
¹⁷⁸Au	79	99	177.97603(6)	2.6(5) s	α (40%)	¹⁷⁴Ir
¹⁷⁹Au	79	100	178.973213(18)	7.1(3) s	β⁺ (78%)	¹⁷⁹Pt	5/2−#
¹⁷⁹Au	79	100	178.973213(18)	7.1(3) s	α (22%)	¹⁷⁵Ir	5/2−#
^179mAu	99(16) keV						(11/2−)
¹⁸⁰Au	79	101	179.972521(23)	8.1(3) s	β⁺ (98.2%)	¹⁸⁰Pt
¹⁸⁰Au	79	101	179.972521(23)	8.1(3) s	α (1.8%)	¹⁷⁶Ir
¹⁸¹Au	79	102	180.970079(21)	13.7(14) s	β⁺ (97.3%)	¹⁸¹Pt	(3/2−)
¹⁸¹Au	79	102	180.970079(21)	13.7(14) s	α (2.7%)	¹⁷⁷Ir	(3/2−)
¹⁸²Au	79	103	181.969618(22)	15.5(4) s	β⁺ (99.87%)	¹⁸²Pt	(2+)
¹⁸²Au	79	103	181.969618(22)	15.5(4) s	α (.13%)	¹⁷⁸Ir	(2+)
¹⁸³Au	79	104	182.967593(11)	42.8(10) s	β⁺ (99.2%)	¹⁸³Pt	(5/2)−
¹⁸³Au	79	104	182.967593(11)	42.8(10) s	α (.8%)	¹⁷⁹Ir	(5/2)−
^183m1Au	73.3(4) keV			>1 µs			(1/2)+
^183m2Au	230.6(6) keV			<1 µs			(11/2)−
¹⁸⁴Au	79	105	183.967452(24)	20.6(9) s	β⁺	¹⁸⁴Pt	5+
^184mAu	68.46(1) keV			47.6(14) s	β⁺ (70%)	¹⁸⁴Pt	2+
					IT (30%)	¹⁸⁴Au
					α (.013%)	¹⁸⁰Ir
¹⁸⁵Au	79	106	184.965789(28)	4.25(6) min	β⁺ (99.74%)	¹⁸⁵Pt	5/2−
¹⁸⁵Au	79	106	184.965789(28)	4.25(6) min	α (.26%)	¹⁸¹Ir	5/2−
^185mAu	100(100)# keV			6.8(3) min			1/2+#
¹⁸⁶Au	79	107	185.965953(23)	10.7(5) min	β⁺ (99.9992%)	¹⁸⁶Pt	3−
¹⁸⁶Au	79	107	185.965953(23)	10.7(5) min	α (8×10⁻⁴%)	¹⁸²Ir	3−
^186mAu	227.77(7) keV			110(10) ns			2+
¹⁸⁷Au	79	108	186.964568(27)	8.4(3) min	β⁺ (99.997%)	¹⁸⁷Pt	1/2+
¹⁸⁷Au	79	108	186.964568(27)	8.4(3) min	α (.003%)	¹⁸³Ir	1/2+
^187mAu	120.51(16) keV			2.3(1) s	IT	¹⁸⁷Au	9/2−
¹⁸⁸Au	79	109	187.965324(22)	8.84(6) min	β⁺	¹⁸⁸Pt	1(−)
¹⁸⁹Au	79	110	188.963948(22)	28.7(3) min	β⁺ (99.9997%)	¹⁸⁹Pt	1/2+
¹⁸⁹Au	79	110	188.963948(22)	28.7(3) min	α (3×10⁻⁴%)	¹⁸⁵Ir	1/2+
^189m1Au	247.23(16) keV			4.59(11) min	β⁺	¹⁸⁹Pt	11/2−
^189m1Au	247.23(16) keV			4.59(11) min	IT （不常见）	¹⁸⁹Au	11/2−
^189m2Au	325.11(16) keV			190(15) ns			9/2−
^189m3Au	2554.7(12) keV			242(10) ns			31/2+
¹⁹⁰Au	79	111	189.964700(17)	42.8(10) min	β⁺	¹⁹⁰Pt	1−
¹⁹⁰Au	79	111	189.964700(17)	42.8(10) min	α (10⁻⁶%)	¹⁸⁶Ir	1−
^190mAu	200(150)# keV			125(20) ms	IT	¹⁹⁰Au	11−#
^190mAu	200(150)# keV			125(20) ms	β⁺ （不常见）	¹⁹⁰Pt	11−#
¹⁹¹Au	79	112	190.96370(4)	3.18(8) h	β⁺	¹⁹¹Pt	3/2+
^191m1Au	266.2(5) keV			920(110) ms	IT	¹⁹¹Au	(11/2−)
^191m2Au	2490(1) keV			>400 ns
¹⁹²Au	79	113	191.964813(17)	4.94(9) h	β⁺	¹⁹²Pt	1−
^192m1Au	135.41(25) keV			29 ms	IT	¹⁹²Au	(5#)+
^192m2Au	431.6(5) keV			160(20) ms			(11−)
¹⁹³Au	79	114	192.964150(11)	17.65(15) h	β⁺	¹⁹³Pt	3/2+
^193m1Au	290.19(3) keV			3.9(3) s	IT (99.97%)	¹⁹³Au	11/2−
^193m1Au	290.19(3) keV			3.9(3) s	β⁺ (.03%)	¹⁹³Pt	11/2−
^193m2Au	2486.5(6) keV			150(50) ns			(31/2+)
¹⁹⁴Au	79	115	193.965365(11)	38.02(10) h	β⁺	¹⁹⁴Pt	1−
^194m1Au	107.4(5) keV			600(8) ms	IT	¹⁹⁴Au	(5+)
^194m2Au	475.8(6) keV			420(10) ms			(11−)
¹⁹⁵Au	79	116	194.9650346(14)	186.098(47) d	ε	¹⁹⁵Pt	3/2+
^195mAu	318.58(4) keV			30.5(2) s	IT	¹⁹⁵Au	11/2−
¹⁹⁶Au	79	117	195.966570(3)	6.1669(6) d	β⁺ (93.05%)	¹⁹⁶Pt	2−
¹⁹⁶Au	79	117	195.966570(3)	6.1669(6) d	β⁻ (6.95%)	¹⁹⁶Hg	2−
^196m1Au	84.660(20) keV			8.1(2) s	IT	¹⁹⁶Au	5+
^196m2Au	595.66(4) keV			9.6(1) h			12−
¹⁹⁷Au^{[n 4]}	79	118	196.9665687(6)	观测上稳定^{[n 5]}			3/2+	1.0000
^197mAu	409.15(8) keV			7.73(6) s	IT	¹⁹⁷Au	11/2−
¹⁹⁸Au	79	119	197.9682423(6)	2.69517(21) d	β⁻	¹⁹⁸Hg	2−
^198m1Au	312.2200(20) keV			124(4) ns			5+
^198m2Au	811.7(15) keV			2.27(2) d	IT	¹⁹⁸Au	(12−)
¹⁹⁹Au	79	120	198.9687652(6)	3.139(7) d	β⁻	¹⁹⁹Hg	3/2+
^199mAu	548.9368(21) keV			440(30) µs			(11/2)−
²⁰⁰Au	79	121	199.97073(5)	48.4(3) min	β⁻	²⁰⁰Hg	1(−)
^200mAu	970(70) keV			18.7(5) h	β⁻ (82%)	²⁰⁰Hg	12−
^200mAu	970(70) keV			18.7(5) h	IT (18%)	²⁰⁰Au	12−
²⁰¹Au	79	122	200.971657(3)	26(1) min	β⁻	²⁰¹Hg	3/2+
²⁰²Au	79	123	201.97381(18)	28.8(19) s	β⁻	²⁰²Hg	(1−)
²⁰³Au	79	124	202.975155(3)	53(2) s	β⁻	²⁰³Hg	3/2+
²⁰⁴Au	79	125	203.97772(22)#	39.8(9) s	β⁻	²⁰⁴Hg	(2−)
²⁰⁵Au	79	126	204.97987(32)#	31(2) s	β⁻	²⁰⁵Hg	3/2+

备注：画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明，只是理论推测而已，而用括号括起来的代表数据不确定性。

←	同位素列表	→
铂的同位素	金的同位素	汞的同位素

注释[编辑]

^ Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)
^ Abbreviations:
ε: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
^ Bold for stable isotopes
^ Potential material for salted bombs
^ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁹³Ir

参考文献[编辑]

^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 （英语）.
^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-10-06]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-19）.

Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

[2] Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)

[4] Abbreviations:
ε: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition

[5] Bold for stable isotopes

[6] Potential material for salted bombs

[7] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁹³Ir

[CIAAW2021-1] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 （英语）.

[3] Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-10-06]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-19）.

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