俱盧之戰

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俱盧之戰
कुरुक्षेत्र युद्ध

1700年的俱盧之戰圖
地點
結果

般度族與盟友慘勝,推翻俱盧族王朝

領土變更
  • 俱盧哈斯蒂納普爾和天帝城在般度族的統治下重新統一
  • 德羅納持有的般遮羅土地歸還給般遮羅
  • 停戰戰前狀態
  • 參戰方
  • 般度族
  • 黑天
  • 般遮羅
  • 摩差
  • 摩揭陀
  • 車底
  • 貢提
  • 其他盟友
    其他盟友
    指揮官與領導者
    領袖
    堅戰
    總司令
    猛光英語Dhrishtadyumna (day 1-18) 
    其他指揮官
    阿周那
    怖軍
    木柱王 
    毗羅吒 
    激昂英語Abhimanyu 
    百軍英語Upapandavas 
    薩諦奇英語Satyaki
    束髮 
    無種
    偕天
    軍師
    黑天
    領袖
    Dhritrashtra
    Duryodhana 
    Commanders-in-chief
    Bhishma (day 1-10) 
    Drona (day 11-15) 
    Karna (day 16-17) 
    Shalya (day 18) 
    Ashwatthama (night raid)
    Other-Commanders Dushasana 
    Jayadratha 
    Kripa
    Kritavarma
    Bhurishravas 
    Bahlika 
    Bhagadatta 
    Sudakshina 
    Strategist
    Shakuni 
    兵力
    7 Akshauhinis
    153,090-100,300,000[1]雙輪戰車和戰車兵
    10,000 - 153,090 頭戰象和騎象人
    459,270 - 1,000,000 馬和騎士
    765,450 - 1,000,000,000 步兵 [2]
    (總計1,530,900-1,003,830,900名士兵)
    11 Akshauhinis
    240,570 輛雙輪戰車和戰車兵
    240,570 頭戰象和騎象人
    721,710 馬和騎士 - 100,000,000 horses (mentioned possibly as a hyperbole)[3]
    1,202,850 步兵
    6,000,000 protecting elephants and chariots[4]
    140,000,000 畢舍遮
    280,000,000 羅剎
    420,000,000 夜叉
    100,000,000 Narayani Sena[5][6]
    (total 8,450,700 - 1,048,405,700 soldiers)
    傷亡與損失
    幾乎總共 (1,530,892 名士兵)
    only 8 known survivors - the Pandavas, Krishna, Satyaki, and Yuyutsu.
    幾乎總共(2,405,697 名士兵)
    only 3 known survivors - Ashwatthama, Kripa, and Kritavarma
    Yudhishthira gives a different number which is 1,660,020,000 dead and 24,165 missing.[7]
    俱盧之戰圖

    摩訶婆羅多中,俱盧之戰是婆羅多族兩支後嗣般度族俱盧族為爭奪王位所發動的戰爭,戰事為期18天,最終般度族贏得了戰爭,俱盧族則面臨滅族之果。戰事初期,由毗濕摩領軍的俱盧族一直處於上風,直到第九天,般度族的阿周那躲在束髮後向毗濕摩射箭,才得以擊敗毗濕摩。毗濕摩死後,俱盧族分別由德羅納迦爾納統領,在戰事的第十三天,德羅納佈陣殺死了阿周那的兒子激昂。第十四天,阿周那背著喪子之痛,猛烈向俱盧族還擊,迅速擊殺了難支及難降的隊伍。第十五天,黑天採用欺詐的方法,利用德羅納對馬嘶的愛子之情。先是殺死一頭名叫「馬嘶」的大象,然後讓士兵高聲大喊馬嘶已死,德羅納因兒子馬嘶戰死對戰爭感到心灰意冷,之後被猛光割下了頭顱。到了戰事的第十八天,終於到了阿周那和迦爾納決戰的時刻,阿周那藉迦爾納的馬車陷入泥沼時,一舉將迦爾納擊殺,同時俱盧族的長子難敵又被怖軍重傷,奄奄一息,俱盧族自此兵敗如山倒,為期十八天的俱盧之戰最終結束。

    參考文獻[編輯]

    1. ^ The Mahabharata, Book 6: Bhishma Parva: Bhagavat-Gita Parva: Section L. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-25]. (原始內容存檔於25 March 2023). And Nakula and Sahadeva placed themselves on the left wing. And on the joints of the wings were placed ten thousand cars and on the head a hundred thousand, and on the back a hundred millions and twenty thousand and on the neck a hundred and seventy thousand. 
    2. ^ The Mahābhārata. Internet Archive. New Delhi : Penguin. 2009: 291. ISBN 978-0-14-044681-4. 
    3. ^ The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva: Uluka Dutagamana Parva: Section CXCIX. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-25]. (原始內容存檔於25 March 2023). And he was followed by Sauchitti, who steadily adhered to truth and was invincible in battle, and Srenimat, and Vasudeva and Vibhu, the son of the ruler of Kasi, with twenty thousand cars, and hundred million steeds of high mettle, each bearing scores of bells on its limbs, and twenty thousand smiting elephants with tusks as long as plough-shares, all of good breed and divided temples and all resembling moving masses of clouds. 
    4. ^ The Mahabharata, Book 6: Bhishma Parva: Bhagavat-Gita Parvad: Section XVIII. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-25]. (原始內容存檔於25 March 2023). And with a division that consisted of ten thousand active elephants, the king of Magadha followed that large car division. They that protected the wheels of the cars and they that protected the elephants, numbered full six millions. 
    5. ^ The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva: Section VII. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-27]. (原始內容存檔於27 March 2023). 
    6. ^ The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Draupadi-harana Parva: Section CCLXXIX. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-26]. (原始內容存檔於26 March 2023). One hundred and forty millions of Pisachas, twice as many man-eating Rakshasa of terrible deed, and thrice as many Yaksha do my bidding! 
    7. ^ The Mahābhārata. Internet Archive. New Delhi : Penguin. 2009: 593. ISBN 978-0-14-044681-4. Dhristarashtra asks Yudhishthira the number of battle casualties: he reports that 1,660,020,000 men are dead and 24,165 missing.