泥炭苔屬

泥炭苔屬
科學分類
界：	植物界 Plantae
門：	苔類植物門 Bryophyta
綱：	泥炭苔綱 Sphagnopsida
目：	泥炭苔目 Sphagnales
科：	泥炭苔科 Sphagnaceae
屬：	泥炭苔屬 Sphagnum; L.
組
	尖葉組 S. sect. Acutifolia; 狹葉組 S. sect. Cuspidata; S. sect. Sphagnum; S. sect. Subsecunda;
異名
	Isocladus Lindb. ; Sphagnopsis Trevis.;

泥炭苔屬（學名：Sphagnum）舊稱水蘚屬，是泥炭苔科唯一的現存屬，一般呈黃白色或灰白色，常有各種鏽斑。

泥炭苔屬的莖沒有假根，並在沼澤中緊密叢生，下部逐漸死亡，上部繼續生長；「葉」有大型無色的細胞，有極強的吸水力，所以能在沼澤地上大片的叢生，遺體逐年的堆積成泥炭，並使沼澤地、湖泊逐漸淤積成陸地。泥炭苔是酸性泥炭沼澤的主要優勢物種，對碳固定有重要貢獻。

經曬乾後的泥炭苔是園藝常見的優秀介質，保水性佳又透氣，常常代替土壤成為讓盆景植物生長的介質。

下屬物種[編輯]

本屬包括以下物種：

擬尖葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum acutifolioides Warnst
小葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum angustifolium
截葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum angstroemii
喙葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum apiculatum Lindb，多生於雲、冷杉林下和落葉松甸子中。
粗葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum aquarrosum Crome.，生於林下積水地，雲、冷杉林下和塔頭中。是東北各林區常見種，常見孢蕨。
瓢葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum beccarii
Sphagnum cavernulosum Flatberg & Whinam, 2011^[1]
中華泥炭苔 Sphagnum chinense
密葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum compactum
Sphagnum complanatum Flatberg & Whinam^[1]
扭枝泥炭苔 Sphagnum contortum Schultzm, 1819
擬狹葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum cuspidatulum
狹葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh.
大泥炭苔 Sphagnum cymbifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw., 1782，為Sphagnum palustre L.的異名
細齒泥炭苔 Sphagnum denticulatum Bridel, 1826
Sphagnum divinum ^[2]
長葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum falcatulum Sphagnum falcatulum Bescherelle, 1885
鏽色泥炭苔 Sphagnum fuscum Klinggräff, 1872
白齒泥炭苔 Sphagnum girgensohnii Russ.，生於塔頭甸子或高位沼澤，常形成大片蘚叢。東北各林區分布普遍。
毛壁泥炭苔 Sphagnum imbricatum Hornschuch ex Russow, 1865
Sphagnum incundum Flatberg & Hassel^[3]
Sphagnum intermedium Hoffm., 1796，為Sphagnum capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw.的異名
泛地泥炭苔 Sphagnum inundatum Russow, 1894
Sphagnum islei Warnst.^[1]
Sphagnum isoviitae Flatberg, 1992^[4]，為Sphagnum fallax var. isoviitae (Flatberg) Lönnell & K.Hassel的異名
日本泥炭苔 Sphagnum japonicum Warnst.，為Sphagnum palustre L.的異名
垂枝泥炭苔 Sphagnum jensenii H.Lindb., 1899
暖地泥炭苔 Sphagnum junghuhnianum
加薩泥炭苔 Sphagnum khasianum
利尼泥炭苔 Sphagnum lenense
呂宋泥炭苔 Sphagnum luzonense
Sphagnum magellanicum Brid., 1798^[2]
Sphagnum medium Limpr., 1881^[2]
中位泥炭苔 Sphagnum magellanicum Brid., 1798
中位泥炭苔 Sphagnum magellanicu Brid., 1798，生於沼澤地或塔頭甸子中，有時亦見於落葉松甸子中。
小孔泥炭苔 Sphagnum microporum Warnst. ex Cardot, 1904
多紋泥炭苔 Sphagnum multifibrosum
尖葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum nemoreum
禿葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum obtusiusculum
舌葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum obtusum
稀孔泥炭苔 Sphagnum oligoporum
卵葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum ovatum
泥炭苔 Sphagnum palustre
疣泥炭苔 Sphagnum papillosum
擬寬葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum platyphylloides
羽枝泥炭苔 Sphagnum plumulosum
異葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum portoricense
刺葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum pungifolium
Sphagnum quarrosum
五列泥炭苔 Sphagnum quinquefarium
喙葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum recurvum
岸生泥炭苔 Sphagnum riparium
廣舌泥炭苔 Sphagnum robustum (Warnst.) Röll，為 Sphagnum russowii Warnst.的異名
紅葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum rubellum Wilson, 1855
廣舌泥炭苔 Sphagnum russowii
絲光泥炭苔 Sphagnum sericeum C.Muell., 1847
Sphagnum skyense Flatberg, 1988^[5]
粗葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum squarrosum
Sphagnum subsecumdum
偏葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum subsecundum
柔葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum tenellum
細葉泥炭苔 Sphagnum teres (Schimp.) Aongstr.，生於塔頭沼澤或林下低洼積水地。
闊邊泥炭苔 Sphagnum warnstorfianum
多枝泥炭苔 Sphagnum wulfianum

參考文獻[編輯]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 I Flatberg, Jennie Whinam & Marc Lebouvier (2011) Three species of Sphagnum endemic to Île Amsterdam, Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises: S. cavernulosum sp. nov., S. complanatum sp. nov. and S. islei, Journal of Bryology, 33:2, 105-121, DOI: 10.1179/1743282010Y.0000000019
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Kristian Hassel, Magni O. Kyrkjeeide, Narjes Yousefi, Tommy Prestø, Hans K. Stenøien, Jonathan A. Shaw & Kjell Ivar Flatberg (2018) Sphagnum divinum (sp. nov.) and S. medium Limpr. and their relationship to S. magellanicum Brid., Journal of Bryology, 40:3, 197-222, DOI: 10.1080/03736687.2018.1474424
^ Magni Olsen Kyrkjeeide, Kristian Hassel, Blanca Shaw, A. Jonathan Shaw, Eva M. Temsch and Kjell Ivar Flatberg. 2018. Sphagnum incundum A New Species in Sphagnum subg. Acutifolia (Sphagnaceae) from Boreal and Arctic Regions of North America. Phytotaxa. 333(1); 1–21. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.333.1.1
^ K. I. Flatberg (1992) The European taxa in the Sphagnum recurvum complex. 1. Sphagnum isoviitae sp. nov. , Journal of Bryology, 17:1, 1-13, DOI: 10.1179/jbr.1992.17.1.1
^ Kjell I. Flatberg (1988) Sphagnum skyense sp. nov, Journal of Bryology, 15:1, 101-107, DOI: 10.1179/jbr.1988.15.1.101

[Flatberg-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 I Flatberg, Jennie Whinam & Marc Lebouvier (2011) Three species of Sphagnum endemic to Île Amsterdam, Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises: S. cavernulosum sp. nov., S. complanatum sp. nov. and S. islei, Journal of Bryology, 33:2, 105-121, DOI: 10.1179/1743282010Y.0000000019

[Hassel-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Kristian Hassel, Magni O. Kyrkjeeide, Narjes Yousefi, Tommy Prestø, Hans K. Stenøien, Jonathan A. Shaw & Kjell Ivar Flatberg (2018) Sphagnum divinum (sp. nov.) and S. medium Limpr. and their relationship to S. magellanicum Brid., Journal of Bryology, 40:3, 197-222, DOI: 10.1080/03736687.2018.1474424

[3] Magni Olsen Kyrkjeeide, Kristian Hassel, Blanca Shaw, A. Jonathan Shaw, Eva M. Temsch and Kjell Ivar Flatberg. 2018. Sphagnum incundum A New Species in Sphagnum subg. Acutifolia (Sphagnaceae) from Boreal and Arctic Regions of North America. Phytotaxa. 333(1); 1–21. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.333.1.1

[4] K. I. Flatberg (1992) The European taxa in the Sphagnum recurvum complex. 1. Sphagnum isoviitae sp. nov. , Journal of Bryology, 17:1, 1-13, DOI: 10.1179/jbr.1992.17.1.1

[5] Kjell I. Flatberg (1988) Sphagnum skyense sp. nov, Journal of Bryology, 15:1, 101-107, DOI: 10.1179/jbr.1988.15.1.101

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