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亚特兰大战役

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亞特蘭大戰役
南北战争的一部分

聯邦軍指揮官威廉·特库姆塞·舍曼少将和他的部隊
日期1864年5月7日—9月2日
(3个月3周又5天)
地点
 喬治亞州西北部及亚特兰大週邊
33°44′56″N 84°23′17″W / 33.749°N 84.388°W / 33.749; -84.388
结果 联邦军勝出
参战方
 美利堅合眾國  美利堅聯盟國
指挥官与领导者
美国 威廉·特库姆塞·舍曼
美国 喬治·亨利·湯瑪士英语George Henry Thomas
美国 詹姆斯·B·麥克弗森英语James B. McPherson  
美国 約翰·斯科菲爾德英语John Schofield
美国 奥利弗·奥蒂斯·霍华德
美利堅聯盟國 约瑟夫·E·约翰斯顿
美利堅聯盟國 約翰·貝爾·胡德英语John Bell Hood
美利堅聯盟國 威廉·J·哈迪英语William J. Hardee
美利堅聯盟國 萊奧尼達斯·波爾克英语Leonidas Polk  
美利堅聯盟國 約瑟夫·惠勒英语Joseph Wheeler
参战单位

密西西比州軍事部門英语Military Division of the Mississippi[1]

田納西軍團英语Army of the Tennessee[2]
兵力
112,819[3] Beginning – 60,000 Infantry, 11,000 cavalry, 7,000 Artillery[4]
伤亡与损失
31,687;
(4,423死亡,
22,822受傷,
4,442失蹤/被俘)
34,979;
(3,044死亡,
18,952受傷,
12,983失蹤/被俘)

亞特蘭大戰役是1864年夏季在南北战争西部戰場上發生的一系列戰役,發生在喬治亞州西北部和亚特兰大周邊地區。联邦军少將威廉·特庫姆賽·雪曼田纳西州查塔努加附近攻入佐治亞州,從1864年5月開始,遭到邦聯將軍約瑟夫·E·約翰斯頓的抵抗。

面對謝爾曼集團軍的連續側翼機動,約翰斯頓的田納西軍團英语Army of the Tennessee向亞特蘭大撤退。7月,南方邦聯總統杰斐遜·戴維斯用更具侵略性的約翰·貝爾·胡德英语John Bell Hood將軍取代了約翰斯頓,後者開始在一系列代價高昂的正面進攻中挑戰聯邦軍隊。胡德的軍隊最終被圍困在亞特蘭大,這座城市於9月2日陷落,為謝爾曼向海邊進軍奠定了基礎,並加速了戰爭的結束。

參考資料

[编辑]
  • Bonds, Russell S. War Like the Thunderbolt: The Battle and Burning of Atlanta. Yardley, PA: Westholme Publishing, 2009. ISBN 978-1-59416-100-1.
  • Castel, Albert. Decision in the West: The Atlanta Campaign of 1864. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1992. ISBN 0-7006-0748-X.
  • Eicher, David J. The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. ISBN 0-684-84944-5.
  • Esposito, Vincent J. West Point Atlas of American Wars. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959. OCLC 5890637. The collection of maps (without explanatory text) is available online at the West Point website Archive.today存檔,存档日期2012-08-29.
  • Foote, Shelby. The Civil War: A Narrative. Vol. 3, Red River to Appomattox. New York: Random House, 1974. ISBN 0-394-74913-8.
  • Kennedy, Frances H., ed. The Civil War Battlefield Guide. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. ISBN 0-395-74012-6.
  • McDonough, James Lee, and James Pickett Jones. War so Terrible: Sherman and Atlanta. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1987, ISBN 0-393-02497-0.
  • McKay, John E. "Atlanta Campaign." In Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History, edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. ISBN 0-393-04758-X.
  • Welcher, Frank J. The Union Army, 1861–1865 Organization and Operations. Vol. 2, The Western Theater. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993. ISBN 0-253-36454-X.
  • National Park Service battle descriptions
  • Sherman, William T., Memoirs of General W.T. Sherman, 2nd ed., D. Appleton & Co., 1913 (1889). Reprinted by the Library of America, 1990, ISBN 978-0-940450-65-3.
  • U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆): a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.

延伸閱讀

[编辑]
  • Bailey, Anne J. The Chessboard of War: Sherman and Hood in the Atlanta Campaign of 1864. (University of Nebraska Press, 2000). ISBN 978-0-8032-1273-2.
  • Davis, Stephen. A Long and Bloody Task: The Atlanta Campaign from Dalton through Kennesaw Mountain to the Chattahoochee River, May 5 – July 18, 1864. Emerging Civil War Series. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2016. ISBN 978-1-61121-317-1.
  • Davis, Stephen. All the Fighting They Want: The Atlanta Campaign from Peachtree Creek to the City's Surrender, July 18 – September 2, 1864. Emerging Civil War Series. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2017. ISBN 978-1-61121-319-5.
  • Evans, David. Sherman's Horsemen: Union Cavalry Operations in the Atlanta Campaign. (Indiana University Press, 1996). ISBN 0-253-32963-9.
  • Hess, Earl J. Kennesaw Mountain: Sherman, Johnston and the Atlanta Campaign. (University of North Carolina Press, 2013). ISBN 978-1-4696-0211-0.
  • Hood, Stephen M. John Bell Hood: The Rise, Fall, and Resurrection of a Confederate General. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2013. ISBN 978-1-61121-140-5.
  • Jenkins Sr., Robert D. To the Gates of Atlanta: From Kennesaw Mountain to Peach Tree Creek, July 1–19, 1864 (Mercer University Press, 2015) xxiv, 378 pp.
  • Luvaas, Jay, and Harold W. Nelson, eds. Guide to the Atlanta Campaign: Rocky Face Ridge to Kennesaw Mountain. (University Press of Kansas, 2008). ISBN 978-0-7006-1570-4.
  • Savas, Theodore P., and David A. Woodbury, eds. The Campaign for Atlanta & Sherman's March to the Sea: Essays on the American Civil War in Georgia, 1864. 2 vols. Campbell, CA: Savas Woodbury, 1994. ISBN 978-1-882810-26-0.
  1. ^ Further information: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVIII, Part 1, pp. 89–114
  2. ^ Further information: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVIII, Part 3, pp. 638–675
  3. ^ Effective strength of the army under Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman, during the campaign against Atlanta, Ga., 1864: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVIII, Part 1, pp. 115–117
  4. ^ Strength of the confederate forces: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVIII, Part 3, pp. 675–683