健康素養

健康素養（Health literacy）也稱為健康識讀，是有能力獲得医疗卫生資訊，並且閱讀、理解，進而應用此資訊來進行健康相關的決定，也可以依照指示接受治療^[1]。有許多有關健康素養的定義^[2]^[3]。

健康素養是造成健康差距（英语：health disparities）的主要因素之一，越來越受到衛生專業單位的重視。美國教育部在2003年舉辦的全國成人素養評估（National Assessment of Adult Literacy, NAAL）中發現，36%的參與者在健康素養上的程度是「初級」及「初級以下」，其結論是有八千萬美國人的健康素養不足^[4]。這些人在執行日常和健康有關的事務上（例如讀處方藥物的標籤說明）有困難^[5]。許多因素會影響健康素養。不過以下的因素，比較容易有健康素養不足的風險：年齡（特別是病患超過65歲）、英语能力不足、教育程度較低、社會經濟地位較低。健康素養較低的病患比較不瞭解其疾病以及相關治療，其健康情形一般也比較不好^[6]。

針對健康素養不足的患者，有許多方式可以提昇其健康行為，例如和他們對話時，簡化資訊以及描述、避免使用行話、使用回覆示教（英语：teach-back）的方式（和病患說明注意事項後，請病患用自己的話再說一次）、鼓勵病患問問題等，美國在2010年時，有做過調查，18歲及18歲以上的成人中，表示他們在就醫時，醫護人員會詳細說明，讓他們可以理解的比例有60.6%^[7]，這個比例從2007年到2010年上昇了1%^[7]。美国卫生及公共服务部提出的Healthy People 2020（英语：Healthy People 2020）計劃將健康素養列為要推動新主題之一，目標是在往後的十年內可以提昇健康素養^[7]。

社會整體有責任提升健康素養。更重要的，提升健康素養需要醫療及公衛專業人士及系統的參與。

參考資料[编辑]

^ Roundtable on Health Literacy; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Institute of the Medicine. Facilitating State Health Exchange Communication Through the Use of Health Literate Practices: Workshop Summary. National Academies Press. 2012-10-10: 1 [2019-09-19]. ISBN 978-0-309-22029-3. （原始内容存档于2016-05-05）.
^ A. Pleasant; J. McKinney. Coming to consensus on health literacy measurement: An online discussion and consensus-gauging process. Nursing Outlook. 2011, 59 (2): 95–106.e1. PMID 21402205. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2010.12.006.
^ Atkinson, Richard C.; Jackson, Gregg B. Research and Education Reform. 1992-01-01. ISBN 978-0-309-04729-6. doi:10.17226/1973.
^ Kutner, MA; Greenberg, E; Jin, Y; Paulson, C. The Health Literacy of America's Adults: Results From the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics. 2006.
^ America's Health Literacy: Why We Need Accessible Health Information. health.gov. [2015-11-20]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-21）.
^ Health literacy: report of the Council on Scientific Affairs. Ad Hoc Committee on Health Literacy for the Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. JAMA. 1999-02-10, 281 (6): 552–557. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 10022112.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Health Communication and Health Information Technology - Healthy People 2020. [2019-09-19]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-21）.

來源[编辑]

Hayat T. Z., Brainin E., Neter E. With Some Help From My Network: Supplementing eHealth Literacy With Social Ties. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2017, 19 (3): e98. PMC 5391437 . PMID 28360024. doi:10.2196/jmir.6472.
Nutbeam D. Health literacy as a public health goal: A challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Promotion International. 2000, 15 (3): 259–267. doi:10.1093/heapro/15.3.259.
Pleasant, A.; Kuruvilla, S., A tale of two health literacies? Public health and clinical approaches to health literacy, Health Promotion International, 2008 [Feb 28, 2008], （原始内容存档于2008-10-07）
Ratzan S. C. Health literacy: Communication for the public good. Health Promotion International. 2001, 16 (2): 207–214. doi:10.1093/heapro/16.2.207.
Rootman, I., & Wharf-Higgins, J., Literacy and Health: Implications for Active Living (PDF) (18), WellSpring: 4, 2007 [2021-08-29], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2022-01-25）
Health Literacy Improvement. health.gov. July 24, 2008 [2019-09-19]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-11）.
Rudd, R., Moeykens, B. Colton, TC. (1999) Health and literacy: A review of medical and public health literature. In J. Comings, B. Garners, & C. Smith, eds. Annual Review of Adult Learning and Literacy, Volume I. New York, NY: Jossey-Bass.
Zarcadoolas C., Pleasant A., Greer D. Understanding health literacy: An expanded model. Health Promotion International. 2005, 20 (2): 195–203. PMID 15788526. doi:10.1093/heapro/dah609.
Zarcadoolas, C., Pleasant, A., & Greer, D. (2006). Advancing health literacy: A framework for understanding and action. Jossey-Bass: San Francisco, CA.

外部連結[编辑]

Health literacy course and materials based at Harvard University led by Rima Rudd （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Health Literacy Discussion List （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Health and Literacy Special Collection （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[LiteracyPractice2012-1] Roundtable on Health Literacy; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Institute of the Medicine. Facilitating State Health Exchange Communication Through the Use of Health Literate Practices: Workshop Summary. National Academies Press. 2012-10-10: 1 [2019-09-19]. ISBN 978-0-309-22029-3. （原始内容存档于2016-05-05）.

[2] A. Pleasant; J. McKinney. Coming to consensus on health literacy measurement: An online discussion and consensus-gauging process. Nursing Outlook. 2011, 59 (2): 95–106.e1. PMID 21402205. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2010.12.006.

[3] Atkinson, Richard C.; Jackson, Gregg B. Research and Education Reform. 1992-01-01. ISBN 978-0-309-04729-6. doi:10.17226/1973.

[:2-4] Kutner, MA; Greenberg, E; Jin, Y; Paulson, C. The Health Literacy of America's Adults: Results From the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics. 2006.

[5] America's Health Literacy: Why We Need Accessible Health Information. health.gov. [2015-11-20]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-21）.

[6] Health literacy: report of the Council on Scientific Affairs. Ad Hoc Committee on Health Literacy for the Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. JAMA. 1999-02-10, 281 (6): 552–557. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 10022112.

[healthypeople.gov-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Health Communication and Health Information Technology - Healthy People 2020. [2019-09-19]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-21）.

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