全球最高跨媒體製作收入列表

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全球最高跨媒體製作票房收入列表包含從電影电子游戏漫画书电视节目或其他媒體開始製作的跨媒體製作。其中19個超過100美元。

該清單包括總收入數字和收入細目。對於尚未報告總收入數字的跨媒體製作作品,根據不同媒體的綜合收入給出估算。對於報告數字不是最新的跨媒體製作作品,會根據現有數據給出更新的估計。

$500億美元以上[编辑]

跨媒體製作作品
作品 成立年分 總收入(美元 收入細分 (估計) 原創媒體 製作者 擁有者
宝可梦 1996 est. $1000億[a] 電子遊戲 田尻智
杉森建
增田順一
任天堂 (商標權)
寶可夢公司
(Nintendo, Game Freak, Creatures) (版權)
Hello Kitty 1974 est. $860億 卡通 角色[32] 清水侑子
辻信太郎
三麗鷗
小熊維尼 1924 est. $760億 图书[53] A. A. Milne
E. H. Shepard
华特迪士尼公司
Mickey Mouse & Friends 1928 est. $740億 Animated 卡通 華特·迪士尼
乌布·伊沃克斯
華特迪士尼公司
星際大戰 1977 est. $700億[r] 电影 乔治·卢卡斯 卢卡斯影业
華特迪士尼公司
麵包超人 1973 est. $560億 漫畫 柳瀨嵩 Froebel-kan

$200億美元以上[编辑]

跨媒體製作作品
作品 成立年分 總收入(美元 收入細分 (估計) 原創媒體 製作者 擁有者
迪士尼公主 2000 est. $460億
  • 零售銷售 – 463.31億美元[z]
  • 家庭娛樂 – 1470萬美元[83]
動畫劇集 安迪·穆尼(Andy Mooney) 華特迪士尼公司
Jump Comics
(週刊少年Jump)
1968 est. $400億[aa] 雜誌 集英社 集英社 (一橋集團) (漫畫)
万代南梦宫娱乐 (遊戲)
瑪利歐 1981 est. $380億 電子遊戲 宫本茂
任天堂開發第一部
任天堂
漫威电影宇宙
(MCU)
2008 est. $350億 電影 漫威影业 華特迪士尼影業集團 (華特迪士尼公司)
索尼 (蜘蛛侠電影)
环球影业 (無敵浩克)
魔法世界
(哈利·波特)
1997 est. $320億 小說 J·K·罗琳 J·K·罗琳 (書籍)
华纳兄弟(AT&T)(電影)
变形金刚
(Diaclone / Microman)
1984 est. $300億[bi] 動畫系列 特佳麗
孩之寶
河森正治
多美
孩之寶
蜘蛛人 1962 est. $290億 漫画书 史丹·李
史蒂夫·迪特科
漫威娛樂(華特迪士尼公司)
索尼(影視)
蝙蝠俠 1939 est. $280億
  • 零售銷售 – 213.29億美元[bq]
    • Home video – 12.12億美元[br]
  • 電影票房60.59億美元[t]
  • 電視收入 – 3億4000萬美元[bs]
漫畫書 鲍勃·凯恩
比尔·芬格
DC漫畫
(AT&T)
七龙珠 1984 est. $270億 雜誌 鳥山明 鳥山明 (Bird Studio)
集英社 (一橋集團) (漫畫)
东映动画 (動畫)
万代南梦宫娱乐 (遊戲)
鋼彈 1979 est. $269億 動畫(日本) 富野由悠季 日昇
(万代南梦宫控股)
芭比娃娃 1987[ch] est. $247億 動畫電影(美國) Ruth Handler Mattel
北斗神拳
(Hokuto no Ken)
1983 est. $225億 雜誌 武論尊
原哲夫
Buronson
Tetsuo Hara
集英社 (一橋集團) (漫畫)
東映動畫(動畫)
世嘉飒美控股 (遊戲和弹珠机)
玩具總動員 1995 est. $218億
  • 零售銷售 – 176億美元[co]
  • 電影票房 – 3.044 十億美元[t]
  • 電視收入 – 633 million美元[193][t]
  • VHS銷售 – 290 million美元[65]
  • DVD和藍光銷售 – 250 million美元[194]
動畫電影(美國) 皮克斯动画工作室 華特迪士尼公司
汽車總動員 2006 est. $218億
  • 授權商品 – 19.114 十億美元[cp]
  • 電影票房 – 20.26億美元[cq]
  • DVD和藍光銷售 – 654 million美元[cr]
動畫電影(美國) Pixar
约翰·拉塞特
華特迪士尼公司
One Piece 1997 est. $209億 雜誌 Eiichiro Oda 尾田荣一郎
集英社 (一橋集團) (漫畫)
東映動畫(動畫(日本))
Bandai Namco (遊戲)
遊戲王 1996 est. $203億 雜誌 高橋和希 高橋和希
集英社 (一橋集團) (漫畫)
科樂美 (遊戲和卡片)
Call of Duty 2003 $200億[235]
  • 電子遊戲 – 181.32億美元[c]
電子遊戲 Infinity Ward Activision
(动视暴雪)

$100億美元以上[编辑]

跨媒體製作作品
作品 成立年分 總收入(美元 收入細分 (估計) 原創媒體 製作者 擁有者
中土大陸
(魔戒)
1937 $19.9 十億[da] 小說 J·R·R·托爾金 Tolkien Estate (books)
Warner Bros. (AT&T) (films)
占士邦(007系列) 1953 est. $19.9 十億[db] 小說 伊恩·佛萊明 米高梅
花生漫畫 1950 est. $191億 Comic strip Charles M. Schulz Sony Music Entertainment Japan (Sony)
WildBrain
20th Century Studios (Walt Disney Company) (film)
Super Sentai
(Power Rangers)
1975 est. $16.8 billion
  • 零售銷售 – 16.557 billion美元[de]
    • 授權商品 – 13.472 billion美元[dd]
    • DVD和Blu-ray – 15 百萬美元[253]
  • 電影票房 – 218.4 百萬美元[255]
電視系列 Shotaro Ishinomori
Haim Saban
Shuki Levy
東映
Hasbro
Bandai Namco (toys)
Neon Genesis Evangelion
(Shinseiki Evangelion)
1994 est. $16.6 billion 動畫(日本) Hideaki Anno
Gainax
Tatsunoko Production
Khara[dl][265][266]
KochiKame 1976 est. $16.3 billion 雜誌 Osamu Akimoto Osamu Akimoto
集英社
(一橋集團) (manga)
愛探險的朵拉 2000 est. $15.8 billion 動畫系列 Chris Gifford
Valerie Walsh
Eric Weiner
Nickelodeon
(ViacomCBS)
辛普森一家 1987 est. $15.8 billion 動畫系列 马特·格勒宁 二十世紀影業
(The Walt Disney Company)
The Lion King 1994 est. $15.4 billion
  • Musical theatre8.252 billion美元[dq]
  • 授權商品 – 3.07 billion美元[dr]
  • 電影票房 – 2.625 billion美元[ds]
  • 家庭娛樂 – $1.5 billion[279]
動畫電影(美國) Roger Allers
Rob Minkoff
華特迪士尼公司
Avengers 1963 est. $15.3 billion 漫畫書 Stan Lee
Jack Kirby
Marvel Entertainment
(The Walt Disney Company)
吃豆人 1980 est. $15.1 billion 電子遊戲 岩谷徹
南梦宫
万代南梦宫娱乐
(Bandai Namco Holdings)
地下城与勇士
(DFO)
2005 est. $18 billion
  • 電腦遊戲 – $18 billion[289]
電子遊戲 Neople Nexon
Tencent
Looney Tunes 1930 est. $15 billion Animated 卡通 Warner Bros. Warner Bros. (AT&T)
海綿寶寶 1999 est. $14.8 billion 動畫系列 史蒂芬·海倫伯格 尼克儿童频道
(ViacomCBS)
Wii系列 2006 est. $14.8 billion
  • 電子遊戲 – 14.808 billion美元[c]
電子遊戲 Nintendo EAD Nintendo
忍者龜 1984 est. $14.6 billion 漫畫書 Kevin Eastman
Peter Laird
Nickelodeon
(ViacomCBS)
美少女戰士 1991 est. $14.3 billion 雜誌 武内直子 Naoko Takeuchi
讲谈社 (manga)
Toei Animation (動畫(日本))
太空侵略者 1978 est. $13.9 billion 電子遊戲 Tomohiro Nishikado Taito
(Square Enix)
Frozen 2013 est. $13.4 billion 動畫電影(美國) Chris Buck
Jennifer Lee
華特迪士尼公司
Dragon Quest
(Dragon Warrior)
1986 est. $12.9 billion 電子遊戲 Yuji Horii
Koichi Nakamura
Akira Toriyama
Square Enix
Yuji Horii (Armor Project)
Akira Toriyama (Bird Studio)
Koichi Sugiyama (Sugiyama Kobo)
Street Fighter 1987 est. $12.2 billion 電子遊戲 Takashi Nishiyama
Hiroshi Matsumoto
卡普空
Final Fantasy 1987 est. $12.2 billion 電子遊戲 Hironobu Sakaguchi
Hiromichi Tanaka
Nasir Gebelli
Square Enix
穿越火线 2007 est. $12 billion
  • 電腦遊戲 – 12 billion美元[c]
電子遊戲 Smilegate Smilegate
腾讯
Warcraft 1994 est. $11.7 billion 電子遊戲 Allen Adham
Frank Pearce
Michael Morhaime
Blizzard Entertainment
(Activision Blizzard)
Ultra Series
(Ultraman)
1966 est. $11.7 billion
  • 授權商品 – 10.406 billion美元[es]
  • 彈珠機972 million美元[bp]
  • 家庭影片銷售 – 275.3 million美元[et]
電視系列 Eiji Tsuburaya Tsuburaya Productions
(Bandai Namco Holdings)
FIFA 1993 est. $11.5 billion
  • 電子遊戲 – 11.479 billion美元[c]
電子遊戲 EA加拿大 艺电
超人 1938 est. $11.1 billion 漫畫書 Jerry Siegel
Joe Shuster
DC Entertainment
(AT&T)
火影忍者 1999 est. $10.4 billion 雜誌 Masashi Kishimoto Masashi Kishimoto
集英社 (一橋集團) (manga)
Pierrot (動畫(日本))
Bandai Namco (games)
英雄联盟 (LoL) 2009 est. $10.1 billion
  • 電子遊戲 – 10.098 billion美元[c]
  • 漫畫銷售 – 190,617美元[394][395]
電子遊戲 拳头游戏 腾讯

50億美元以上[编辑]

跨媒體製作作品
作品 成立年分 總收入(美元 收入細分 (估計) 原創媒體 製作者 擁有者
俠盜獵車手
(GTA)
1997 est. $9.99 billion
  • 電子遊戲 – 9.986 billion美元[c]
電子遊戲 David Jones
Mike Dailly
Rockstar Games
(Take-Two Interactive)
JoJo的奇妙冒险 1987 est. $9.8 billion 漫畫 荒木飛呂彥 荒木飛呂彥
集英社
(一橋集團) (manga)
万代南梦宫娱乐 (games)
Lineage 1998 est. $9.72 billion
  • 電子遊戲 – 9.715 billion美元[c]
電子遊戲 Jake Song NCSoft
Thomas & Friends 1945 est. $9.48 billion Book Wilbert Awdry
Christopher Awdry
Egmont Group
Mattel
愤怒的小鸟 2009 est. $9.3 billion 電子遊戲 Jaakko Iisalo Rovio Entertainment
芝麻街
(The Muppets)
1955 est. $9.19 billion
  • 授權商品 – 8.539 billion美元[fm]
  • 電影票房 – 478 million美元[406][407][408][409]
  • TV 授權 – 96 million美元[410]
  • DVD和藍光銷售 – 71 million美元[406]
  • VHS銷售 – 2 million美元[373]
電視系列 Jim Henson
Joan Ganz Cooney
Lloyd Morrisett
The Muppets Studio
(The Walt Disney Company)
Sesame Workshop
光之美少女
(Glitter Force)
2004 est. $8.78 billion 動畫(日本) 大泉工作室
东映动画
東映
朝日放送集團控股
旭通DK
星艦奇航記 1966 est. 8.6 billion[fp]
  • 零售銷售 – 4.753 billion美元[fq]
  • 電視收入 – $2.3 billion[411]
  • 電影票房 – $2.266 billion[414]
  • VHS銷售 – $1 billion[411]
  • DVD和Blu-ray – 326 million美元[413]
電視系列 金·羅登貝瑞 维亚康姆CBS
神偷奶爸
(小小兵)
2010 est. $8.36 billion
  • 授權商品 – 3.95 billion美元[fr]
  • 電影票房 – 3.72 billion美元[415]
  • DVD和藍光銷售 – 686 million美元[415]
動畫電影(美國) Sergio Pablos Illumination
环球影业
(康卡斯特)
怪物彈珠 2013 est. $8.17 billion 電子遊戲 Yoshiki Okamoto Mixi
神鬼奇航 2003[ft] est. $7.91 billion 電影 華特迪士尼幻想工程 Imagineering
Marc Davis
Gore Verbinski
Jerry Bruckheimer
The Walt Disney Company
Ben 10 2005 est. $7.85 billion
  • 零售銷售 – 7.853 billion美元[fw]
動畫劇集 Man of Action Studios 卡通頻道 (AT&T)
龍族拼圖 2012 est. $7.79 billion
  • 電子遊戲 – 7.786 billion美元[c]
電子遊戲 工合在线娱乐 工合在线娱乐
X战警 1963 est. $7.78 billion
  • 電影票房5.75 billion美元[421]
  • 零售銷售 – 900 million美元[38]
  • DVD和藍光銷售 – 667 million美元[421]
  • 漫畫銷售 – 466.4 million美元[fx]
漫畫書 史丹·李
杰克·科比
漫威娛樂
二十世紀影業 (films)
(華特迪士尼公司)
刺猬索尼克系列 1991 est. $7.66 billion 電子遊戲 Sonic Team
Hirokazu Yasuhara
Yuji Naka
Naoto Ohshima
Sega
(Sega Sammy Holdings)
Candy Crush 2012 est. $7.5 billion
  • 手機遊戲 – 7.503 billion美元[c]
電子遊戲 King King
(动视暴雪)
Doraemon 1969 est. $7.29 billion 雜誌 藤子不二雄 藤子不二雄
Shogakukan
(一橋集團) (manga)
侏羅紀公園 1990 est. $7.28 billion
  • 電影票房 – 4.892 billion美元[428]
  • 授權商品 – 1.706 billion美元[gc]
  • 家庭影片銷售 – 678 million美元[gd]
小說 迈克尔·克莱顿 Alfred A. Knopf (小說)
Universal Pictures (Comcast) (film)
Bleach 2001 est. $7.24 billion 雜誌 Tite Kubo Tite Kubo
集英社 (一橋集團) (manga)
Pierrot (動畫(日本))
Minecraft 2009 est. $7.23 billion
  • 授權商品 – 4.328 billion美元[gh]
  • 電子遊戲 – 2.898 billion美元[c]
電子遊戲 Markus Persson Microsoft Studios
熊本熊 2010 est. $7.17 billion 卡通 熊本縣 熊本縣
汪汪隊立大功 2013 est. $7 billion 動畫系列 Keith Chapman 尼克儿童频道
(ViacomCBS)
大金刚系列 1981 est. $6.85 billion
  • 電子遊戲 – 6.846 billion美元[c]
  • 授權商品 – 2.3 million美元[91]
電子遊戲 Shigeru Miyamoto
Nintendo R&D1
Nintendo
生活大爆炸 2007 est. $6.57 billion 電視系列 查克·洛里
Bill Prady
Warner Bros. (AT&T)
夢幻西遊 2001 est. $6.52 billion
  • 電子遊戲 – 6.524 billion美元[c]
電子遊戲 网易 网易
最後一戰系列 2001 est. $6.5 billion 電子遊戲 Bungie
343 Industries
Microsoft
DC擴展宇宙
(DCEU)
2013 est. $6.48 billion
  • 電影票房 – 5.276 billion美元[451]
  • 家庭影片銷售 – 704 million美元[gl]
  • 授權商品 – 500 million美元[454]
電影 DC Entertainment DC Entertainment
(AT&T)
冰原歷險記 2002 est. $6.42 billion[gm]
  • 電影票房 – 2.9 billion美元[457]
  • 零售銷售 – 1.3 billion美元[457]
  • 家庭娛樂 – 347 million美元[458]
動畫電影(美國) Blue Sky Studios 20th Century Studios
(華特迪士尼公司)
暮光之城 2005 est. $6.39 billion 小說 Stephenie Meyer Little, Brown and Company
Summit Entertainment
数码宝贝 1997 est. $6.36 billion 电子宠物 Akiyoshi Hongo
Toei Animation
Bandai
Bandai Namco Holdings
Toei Animation (動畫(日本))
Fast & Furious 2001 est. $6.35 billion
  • 電影票房 – 5.895 billion美元[474]
  • 家庭娛樂 – 454 million美元[475]
電影 Gary Scott Thompson Universal Pictures
(Comcast)
歌劇魅影 1986 est. $6.22 billion 音樂劇 Andrew Lloyd Webber Andrew Lloyd Webber
Tamagotchi 1996 est. $6.2 billion Digital pet Aki Maita
横井昭裕
萬代
Bandai Namco Holdings
实况足球 (PES) /
Winning Eleven
1995 est. $6.13 billion
  • 電子遊戲 – 6.131 billion美元[c]
電子遊戲 科樂美 科樂美
真人快打系列 1992 est. $6.05 billion[gw] 電子遊戲 Midway Games Chicago
Ed Boon
John Tobias
华纳兄弟 (AT&T)
名偵探柯南
(Case Closed)
1994 est. $6.01 billion 雜誌 青山剛昌 Gosho Aoyama
Shogakukan (一橋集團) (manga)
TMS Entertainment
(Sega Sammy Holdings)
冰與火之歌
(权力的游戏)
1996 est. $5.81 billion 小說 George R. R. Martin Random House
WarnerMedia (AT&T)
Shrek 1990 est. $5.8 billion 小說 William Steig
DreamWorks Animation
Universal Pictures
(Comcast)
生化危機
(Biohazard)
1996 est. $5.7 billion 電子遊戲 三上真司
藤原得郎
Capcom
絕地求生
(PUBG)
2017 est. $5.43 billion
  • 電子遊戲 – 5.428 billion美元[c]
電子遊戲 絕地求生
Jang Tae-seok
魁匠團 (Bluehole / Krafton)
腾讯
老友记 1994 est. $5.22 billion 電視系列 David Crane
Marta Kauffman
Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions
Warner Bros. (AT&T)
Madden NFL系列 1998 est. $5.2 billion
  • 電子遊戲 – 5.2 billion美元[c]
電子遊戲 艺电 艺电
Care Bears 1981 est. $5.05 billion
  • 零售銷售 – 5 billion美元[hp]
  • 電影票房 – 52 million美元[hq]
Greeting card American Greetings American Greetings
模拟人生 2000 est. $5 billion
  • 電子遊戲 – 5 billion美元[518]
電子遊戲 威爾·萊特 艺电
建築師巴布 1998 est. $5 billion
  • 零售銷售 – 5 billion美元[519]
動畫系列 Keith Chapman WildBrain

20億美元以上[编辑]

註解[编辑]

  1. ^ 截至2019年5月 (2019-05), 寶可夢公司 no longer mentions how much the franchise has earned on their website.
  2. ^ See The Pokémon Company § 授權商品
  3. ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 3.36 3.37 See List of highest-grossing 電子遊戲專營權 § List.
  4. ^ 寶可夢集換式卡牌遊戲304億 card sales up until March 2020,[1] $3.99 per 10-card pack[2][3]12.13 十億美元.
  5. ^ See List of Pokémon films § Box office performance.
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 See CoroCoro Comic § Circulation.
  7. ^ Sales of 快樂快樂月刊 漫畫雜誌 issues serializing Pocket MonstersPokémon Adventures 漫畫 series – ¥530 price[4]
    • April 1996 to March 2018 – 281,421,695 冊[f]¥149,153,498,350 (1,368,280,330美元)
    • April 2017 to December 2019 – 21,170,007 冊[f]¥11,220,103,710 (102,929,177美元)
  8. ^ Pokemon動畫系列 home entertainment media sales:
    • 美國電視劇集VHSDVD銷售 in 2000 – 2500 萬 units,[5] average $24.98 price[6]625 百萬美元
    • 神奇寶貝劇場版:超夢的逆襲 United States VHS sales in 2000 – 5880萬美元[7]
    • 日本家庭影視銷售 up until 2011 – average ¥3,144 price,[8] 3,963,169 units – ¥12,460,203,336 (156,162,468美元)
      • Up until April 2000 – 350 萬 units[8]
      • 2004–2011 – average 3,647 sales per volume,[9] 127 volumes – 463,169 units
        • 2004–2007 – 64 volumes
        • 2007–2011 – 63 volumes
    • 日本家庭影視傳媒銷售 in 2017 – ¥1,744,502,029[10] (16,003,431美元)
    • 日本家庭劇院傳媒銷售 during January–June 2018 – ¥818,855,319[11] (7,511,883美元)
  9. ^ Pokémon manga 单行本卷數銷售 in the United States up until 2000 – 725 萬冊,$9.99 price[12]72.43 百萬美元.
  10. ^ Hello Kitty merchandise retail sales:
    • As of 1990 – 4億4800萬美元[13]
    • 1994 – 12億美元[14]
    • 日本sales during 1996–2002, 2004–2008 and 2012 – ¥2兆8875.8億 (36.19 十億美元)
      • 1996–1999 – ¥1600 十億[15]
      • 2000 – ¥3600億[16]
      • 2001–2002 – ¥302 十億[17]
      • 2004–2007 – ¥440 十億[17]
      • 2008 – ¥98.14 十億[18]
      • 2012 – ¥874.4億[17]
    • Overseas sales in 2002 – 10億美元[19]
    • 全球銷售 in 2003 and 2009 – 97.5億美元
      • 2003 – 47.5億美元[20]
      • 2009 – 50億美元[21]
    • 全球授權商品銷售 during 2010–2011 – 82億美元
      • 2010 – 41億美元[22]
      • 2011 – 41億美元[23]
    • US sales in 2012 – 10.8億美元[24]
    • 2013 – 80億美元[25]
    • 2014 – 65億美元[26]
    • 授權商品 sales during 2015–2018 – 134.64億美元
      • 2015 – 37.56億美元[27]
      • 2016 – 44億美元[28]
      • 2017 – 26.63億美元[29]
      • 2018 – 264.5億美元[30]
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 See Ribon § Circulation.
  12. ^ Sales of Ribon manga magazine issues serializing Hello Kitty manga series – 4,663,328 冊, ¥390 price[31]¥1,818,697,920 (22,793,557美元)
    • Hello Kitty Doki (May 2007 to April 2008) – 4,333,328 冊[k]
    • Hello Kitty Peace (June 2008) – 330,000冊[k]
  13. ^ Known music CD sales in Japan – ¥203,619,500> (3 million美元)
  14. ^ Winnie the Pooh retail sales:
    • Up until 2010 – 568.59億美元
      • 30億美元 as of 1995.[33] 330億美元 in 1998.[33] ¥950.1億[17] (834 million美元)[34] in 1999. 60億美元 in 2000.[35] 50億美元 in 2001.[36] 70億美元 in 2002.[37] 56億美元 in 2003.[38] 53億美元 in 2004.[39] 60億美元 in 2005.[40] 69億美元 in 2006.[41] 10億美元 in 2007.[42] ¥65629.56 million[18] (635 million美元)[43] in 2008. ¥55195 million[44] (590 million美元)[45] in 2009. 57億美元 in 2010.[46]
    • 2011 – 10.9億美元 in North America.[47] ¥539.6億 (676 million美元) in Japan.[17]
    • 2012 – 31.7億美元[48]
    • 2013–2017 – 28.08億美元 in 2013.[48] 27.32億美元 in 2014.[49] 27.4億美元 in 2015.[27] 27.91億美元 in 2016. 16.49億美元 in 2017.[29]
    • 2018 – 16.75億美元[30]
  15. ^ Mickey Mouse & Friends retail sales:
    • As of 1990 – 4億4800萬美元[13]
    • 1999–2001 – ¥3366億 (2.77 十億美元)[54]
      • ¥1310.3億 in 1999.[17] ¥1200億 in 2000.[55] ¥855.8億 in 2001.[17]
    • 2002–2010 – 394.11億美元
      • 47億美元 in 2002.[56] 58億美元 in 2003.[38] 53億美元 in 2004.[39] 60億美元 in 2005.[40] ¥840.9億[17] (723 百萬美元)[57] in 2006. 60億美元 in 2007.[58] ¥88122.32 百萬[18] (853 million美元)[43] in 2008. ¥96827.8 百萬[44] (1035 百萬美元)[45] in 2009. 90億美元 in 2010.[46]
    • 2011 – 7億5000萬美元 in North America.[47] ¥1053.5億 (1.32 十億美元) in Japan.[17]
    • 2012 – 41.22億美元[48]
    • 2013–2017 – 45.68億美元 in 2013.[48] 47.19億美元 in 2014.[59] 4.262 十億美元 in 2015. 4.247 十億美元 in 2016.[27] 32.33億美元 in 2017.[29]
    • 2018 – 32.65億美元[30]
  16. ^ [60][61][62][63][64]
  17. ^ 1991 VHS release of 幻想曲 earned 209 百萬美元 in sales.[65] 7100萬美元 DVD sales since 2006.[66]
  18. ^ 66億美元 franchise revenue up until May 1987.[67]
  19. ^ 320億美元 up until 2014.[68] $28.42 億 in 2015.[27] $30.49 億 in 2016. 24.03億美元 in 2017.[29] 19.23億美元 in 2018.[30]
  20. ^ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 See List of highest-grossing films § Highest-grossing franchises and film series
  21. ^ Star Wars home video revenue:
  22. ^ Star Wars television revenue:
    • Clone Wars (as of 2015) – 450萬美元[72]
    • Television rights (2016) – 2億7500萬美元[73]
  23. ^ See Anpanman § Sales.
  24. ^ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 24.6 24.7 See List of highest-grossing 日本動畫電影 § 日本最高收益動畫電影專營權.
  25. ^ ¥20億[74] (25.07 百萬美元).
  26. ^ 3億美元 up until 2001.[75] 10億美元 in 2002.[76] 13億美元 in 2003.[75] 20億美元 in 2004.[77] 30億美元 in 2005.[76] 34億美元 in 2006.[78] 40億美元 in 2007.[79] 40億美元 in 2008.[80] 37億美元 in 2009.[81] 44億美元 in 2010.[46] 16億美元 in 2011.[47] 30億美元 in 2012.[82] 28.85億美元 in 2013.[48] 25.68億美元 in 2014.[49] 26.35億美元 in 2015.[27] 27.24億美元 in 2016. 21.33億美元 in 2017.[29] 16.86億美元 in 2018.[30]
  27. ^ Only includes Jump 漫畫 comic revenue, including Jump manga magazine sales and related Jump Comics 单行本 manga volume sales. Does not include non-manga revenue, such as 動畫(日本)、電影、遊戲、彈珠機 or merchandise revenue of 週刊少年Jump連載漫畫 (e.g. 七龙珠ONE PIECE北斗神拳火影忍者, etc.), with the exception of Shōnen Jump crossover 電子遊戲s.
  28. ^ 28.00 28.01 28.02 28.03 28.04 28.05 28.06 28.07 28.08 28.09 See Weekly Shōnen Jump § Circulation figures.
  29. ^ See Weekly Young Jump § Circulation.
  30. ^ See Monthly Shōnen Jump § Circulation
  31. ^ 31.0 31.1 See Shonen Jump (magazine) § Circulation.
  32. ^ 32.0 32.1 32.2 See V Jump § Circulation
  33. ^ Jump manga magazine sales:
  34. ^ 34.0 34.1 One Piece manga tankōbon volume sales:
    • 日本– 383,770,897 copies,[ct] ¥410 ($5.10) price[143]1,957,231,575美元
    • Overseas – 75 million copies,[208] $9.99 price[209]749.3 million美元
  35. ^ 35.0 35.1 Dragon Ball tankōbon manga volume sales:
    • Dragon Ball – $2,214,565,898
      • 日本銷售額 – 1億6000 萬+ copies up until 2016 – ¥82,122,000,000 ($1,019,726,394)
        • 单行本 sales up until 2000 – 1億2600 萬 copies,[140] ¥400 price[141][142]¥50400 million (632 million美元)
        • 单行本 sales during 2002–2012 – 30.63 million copies,[140][143] ¥933 price[144][145]¥28,577,790,000 (358,162,552美元)
        • Kanzenban sales during 2013–2014 – 2.87 million copies,[143][146] ¥933 price[144][145]¥2,677,710,000 (25,274,581美元)
        • Kanzenban sales during 2015–2016 – 500,000 copies,[147][146] ¥933 price[144][145]¥466,500,000 (4,289,261美元)
      • Overseas sales – 119,603,554+ copies sold overseas,[bw] $9.99 price[148]1,194,839,504美元
    • 七龍珠超 (日本銷售額) – 2,179,528 copies,[bx] ¥400 price[149][150]¥871,811,200 (8,004,811美元)
  36. ^ 36.0 36.1 Naruto manga tankōbon volume sales:
    • Naruto1,633.4 million美元
      • 日本– 140 million copies,[379] ¥390 price[380]¥54600 million (684.3 million美元)
      • Overseas – 95 million copies,[379] $9.99 price[381]949.1 million美元
    • Boruto: Naruto Next Generations – 1 million+ copies,[382] ¥400 price[383]¥400 million (4 million美元)
  37. ^ 37.0 37.1 Fist of the North Star manga tankōbon volume sales – 100 百萬 copies[179][180]
    • 日本– 60 百萬 tankōbon copies,[87] at average ¥800 price,[181][182] grossed approximately ¥48000 百萬 (602 百萬美元).
    • Overseas – 40 百萬 圖像小說 copies,[183] at average $15.95 price,[184] grossed approximately 638 million美元.
  38. ^ 38.0 38.1 KochiKame manga tankōbon volume sales – 157 百萬 tankōbon sales,[146] at average ¥410 price,[267] grossed approximately ¥64370 million (807 million美元).
  39. ^ 39.0 39.1 Bleach manga tankōbon volume sales – 120 million copies[431]
    • 日本– 90 million copies,[87] ¥390 price[432]¥35100 million (440 million美元)
    • Overseas – 30 million copies, $9.99 price[433]300 million美元
  40. ^ 引证错误:没有为名为SlamDunk的参考文献提供内容
  41. ^ 41.0 41.1 JoJo's Bizarre Adventure manga tankōbon volume sales – 100 million copies,[396] ¥390 price[397]¥39000 million (489 million美元)
  42. ^ 5000 萬冊单行本,[85] ¥760 price,[86] ¥38000 百萬 (476.25 百萬美元) revenue.
  43. ^ 足球小將 manga tankōbon volume sales – 8200 萬冊,[87] average ¥400 price[88]¥32800 百萬 (411.08 百萬美元)
  44. ^ Kinnikuman / Ultimate Muscle manga tankōbon volume sales – 7500 萬冊,[89] ¥400 price[90]¥39000 百萬 (376 百萬美元)
  45. ^ 引证错误:没有为名为Kenshin的参考文献提供内容
  46. ^ 引证错误:没有为名为Hunter的参考文献提供内容
  47. ^ 47.0 47.1 Dragon Quest manga tankōbon volume sales:
  48. ^ 48.0 48.1 Yu-Gi-Oh manga sold 40 million tankōbon volumes,[87] at ¥390 price,[232][233] grossing approximately ¥15600 million (196 million美元).
  49. ^ 单行本卷數銷售 of Shōnen Jump manga series:
  50. ^ Only includes 電子遊戲s released under the Jump title. Does not include other 電子遊戲s based on Shōnen Jump manga series (e.g. Dragon Ball, One Piece, Fist of the North Star, 火影忍者, etc.).
  51. ^ Mario franchise's 授權商品銷售:
    • 大金刚游戏230萬美元 (US sales as of 1985)[91]
    • 超级马力欧兄弟43.2億美元
      • 日本(1999–2012) – ¥282億1382萬 (3.54 十億美元)
        • 1999 – ¥136.6億[17]
        • 2001 – ¥238億[17]
        • 2003 – ¥137.7億[17]
        • 2005–2007 – ¥97.67 十億[17]
        • 2008 – ¥46680.2 百萬[18]
        • 2010 – ¥456億[17]
        • 2012 – ¥40958 百萬[92]
      • 日本(2013) – ¥37052 百萬[93] (380 百萬美元)
      • Overseas – 4億美元 (as of 2016)[94]
  52. ^ Sales of 快樂快樂月刊 manga magazine issues serializing Super Mario-kun manga from November 1990 to December 2019 – 333,221,701 冊,[f] ¥530 price[4]¥170,358,798,350 (1,620,133,399美元).
  53. ^ MCU电影225.9億美元[96]
    Inhumans350萬美元[97]
  54. ^ 54.0 54.1 Avengers 商品銷售:
    • 332 million美元 in 2012.[24] $325 million in 2013.[131] $1 billion in 2014.[281] $1.004 billion in 2015.[27] $1.242 billion in 2016. 1.227 billion美元 in 2017.[29] 1.798 billion美元 in 2018.[30]
  55. ^ Marvel 商品銷售:
  56. ^ 50億美元 up until April 2018.[98] 2億5400萬美元 since May 2018.[99]
  57. ^ See Marvel Cinematic Universe tie-in comics § Sales
  58. ^ Harry Potter merchandise:
    • 1997–2016 – 73.08億美元[100]
    • 2017–2018 – 10.1億美元[101]
  59. ^ 39億美元 哈利波特系列電影 home entertainment revenue up until 2014.[102] 6600萬美元 怪獸與牠們的產地 DVD和藍光銷售 since 2017.[103]
  60. ^ 60.0 60.1 Transformers 商品銷售:
    • 1984–1992 – 10億美元 US 玩具銷售[106]
    • 2005 – ¥22.5億[17] (28.2 百萬美元) in Japan
    • 2006 – 1億美元[107]
    • 2007–2016 – 100億美元[108]
    • 2017 – 6億5200萬美元[29]
    • 2018 – 4億2300萬美元[101]
  61. ^ Transformers franchise (including Japanese Diaclone and Microman by 多美公司)
    • 截至2011年 (2011-Missing required parameter 1=month!)¥2兆 (25.06 十億美元) (including Japanese Diaclone and Microman by Takara Tomy)[105]
    • 零售銷售 (2012–2018) – 29.79億美元
      • 2012–2013 – 6億1800萬美元[48]
      • 2014 – 4億1000萬美元[49]
      • 2015 – 4億3000萬美元[27]
      • 2016 – 4億4600萬美元[27]
      • 2017–2018 – 10.75億美元[bh]
    • 電影票房 (2014–2019) – 15.72億美元[t]
  62. ^ Transformers home entertainment:
    • June 2007 to June 2014 – 7億4000萬美元[109]
    • September 2014 to February 2020 – 1億3400萬美元[110]
  63. ^ 10億美元 授權商品 sales for 索尼 during 1999–2001.[111] 27億美元 in 2002.[112] 13億美元 in 2003.[113] ¥22.66 十億 (284 百萬美元) Japan sales during 2005–2007.[17] 7000萬美元 蜘蛛人3 pre-release US toy sales in 2007.[114] 5億9000萬美元 Spider-Man 商品銷售 in 2010.[115] 3億2500萬美元 in 2011.[47] 12.85億美元 in 2012. 13.33億美元 in 2013.[48] 14.53億美元 in 2014.[49] $15.12 億 in 2015.[27] $15.51 億 in 2016. 14.02億美元 in 2017.[29] 10.75億美元 in 2018.[30]
  64. ^ Box office gross of Spider-Man films:
  65. ^ See List of best-selling films in the United States § Best-selling films by format.
  66. ^ Home video sales revenue of Spider-Man films:
    • DVD和VHS銷售 – 19.66億美元
    • 藍光銷售 – 2億6600萬美元[118]
  67. ^ Spider-Man comic sales – $1,074,187,801
      • Amazing Spider-Man sales between 1966 and 2011 – 140,298,400冊 – $296,953,780[119]
      • Spider-Woman sales between 1979 and 1982 – 4,271,694冊 – $2,350,480[120]
      • 終極蜘蛛俠 sales between 2000 and 2009 – 16,306,921冊 – $68,606,541[121]
      • 2012–2013 – 7,523,100 copies – $34,530,834[122]
      • January–April 2014 – 1,531,991 copies – $7,538,028[122]
      • Other 190,067,894 copies, at average $2.99 price[119]568,303,003美元
    • May–December 2014 – 14,782,534美元[122][123]
    • 2015 – $21,306,211[124]
    • 2016 – $19,443,889[125]
    • 2017 – $16,970,754[126]
    • 2018 – $23,401,747[127]
  68. ^ 68.0 68.1 68.2 68.3 68.4 68.5 See 彈珠機 § Franchises.
  69. ^ Batman retail sales:
    • 截至2012年2月 (2012-02)160億美元[130]
    • 商品銷售 during 2013–2018 – 50.17億美元
      • 2013 – 4億9400萬美元[131]
      • 2014 – 5億7800萬美元[131]
      • 2015 – 9億8200萬美元[27]
      • 2016 – 11億美元[29]
      • 2017 – 10.24億美元[29]
      • 2018 – 8億3900萬美元[101]
    • 家庭影視銷售 between September 2012 and January 2020 – 3億1200萬美元[132]
  70. ^ $6.5 億 VHS and DVD sales for 蝙蝠俠, 蝙蝠侠归来, 永远的蝙蝠侠 and 蝙蝠侠与罗宾 up until 2005.[133] $5億6200 萬 DVD和藍光銷售 for films released since 2008.[134]
  71. ^ Batman television revenue:
  72. ^ See Dragon Ball § Cultural impact
  73. ^ Dragon Ball 商品銷售:
    • 商品銷售 up until 2011 – $50 [137]
    • 日本授權商品銷售 in 2012 – ¥76.7億[17] (96.13 百萬美元)
    • Bandai Namco's net income from Dragon Ball toy sales during January–March 2013 – ¥600 百萬[138] (6.16 百萬美元)
    • Bandai Namco's net income from Dragon Ball toy sales from April 2013 to December 2019 – ¥859億 (797 百萬美元)[bt]
    • Toei Animation's Dragon Ball 授權商品 sales in 2019 – 19.5億美元+[139]
  74. ^ Sales revenue of Jump 漫畫雜誌 issues serializing Dragon Ball manga series:
  75. ^ See Dragon Ball (manga) § Reception
  76. ^ See Dragon Ball Super § Manga reception
  77. ^ See List of Dragon Ball films § 家庭影視銷售
  78. ^ 78.0 78.1 78.2 See List of Dragon Ball 動畫(日本) § Commercial reception
  79. ^ Dragon Ball home entertainment media:
    • Dragon Ball film 家庭影片銷售 – 5400萬美元[by]
    • DVD和藍光銷售 of 七龍珠 動畫系列 in Japan – 369.5 million美元[bz]
    • Funimation's 七龍珠 Z 動畫(日本) DVD和藍光銷售 in the United States during 1999–2017 – 750 million美元[bz]
    • 东映动画七龍珠 動畫(日本) earnings (overseas sales/licensing and domestic licensing) between April 2003 and December 2019 – 893 million美元[bz]
    • 美國DVD和藍光銷售 of 日本電視動畫系列 during January–May 2018 – 10.5 million美元[151]
  80. ^ Dragon Ball trading card sales:
    • Carddass 銷售 – 20 Dragon Ball Carddass trading cards sold, at ¥20 price,[152] grossing approximately ¥40 十億 (501.32 million美元).
    • 七龍珠群雄卡片遊戲銷售 – ¥50 十億[153] (460 million美元)
  81. ^ See List of Dragon Ball films § Box office performance.
  82. ^ Dragon Ball music sales in Japan – ¥3,744,412,530 (46,928,344美元)
  83. ^ 83.0 83.1 83.2 See Cultural impact of Gundam § Retail sales
  84. ^ Gundam retail sales:
    • 商品銷售 during 1979–1999 – $50 [164][165]
    • 萬代's net income from Bandai Gundam 商品銷售 between April 2000 and 2007 – 37.35億美元[ce]
    • 授權商品銷售 in Japan during 2000–2012 and 2015–2017 – 84.14億美元[ce]
    • 電子遊戲銷售 in Japan during 2000–2007 – 691 million美元[c]
    • 動畫(日本) 家庭影視銷售 in Japan up until 2006 – 11.9 million units,[166] average ¥3,990 price[167]¥47481 million (595.07 million美元)
    • Bandai Namco's net income from Bandai Gundam retail sales from April 2008 to March 2020 – 79.52億美元[ce]
  85. ^ See Gundam Ace § Circulation.
  86. ^ Barbie became a media franchise starting in 1987, with the debut of the 芭比 動畫電影系列. Earlier 芭比娃娃玩具銷售 prior to 1987 are not included here.
  87. ^ 16億美元 between 1987 and 1994.[168] 19億美元 in 1997.[169] 15.2億美元 in 2002.[170] 36億美元 in 2003.[171] 33億美元 in 2008.[172] 550 million美元 in 2010.[22] 10億美元 in 2011.[173] 1,275.3 million美元 sales in 2012.[174] 30億美元 in 2013.[175] 1,934.5 million美元 during 2014–2015.[176] 1 0億美元 in 2016.[177] 954.9 million美元 in 2017.[174] 1,088.95 million美元 in 2018.[174]
  88. ^ See Barbie (film series)s § Notes
  89. ^ Fist of the North Star console game retail sales in Japan:
  90. ^ Fist of the North Star DVD和藍光銷售 in Japan:
  91. ^ Japan 授權商品銷售 in 2005 – ¥20.9億[17] (26.19 million美元)
  92. ^ See Fist of the North Stars and OVAs § Notes
  93. ^ 玩具总动员 and 玩具總動員2 generated 66億美元 up until 2009.[190] 玩具總動員3 (2010) generated nearly 100億美元 up until 2014.[191] 10億美元 in 2015.[192]
  94. ^ 100億美元 up until 2011.[195] 2.527 十億美元 in 2012. 23億美元 in 2013.[48] 20.25億美元 in 2014.[49] 10億美元 in 2015.[192] $588 million in 2016. 674 million美元 in 2017.[29]
  95. ^ Cars series grossed 14.08億美元.[196] Planes series grossed 391 million美元.[197]
  96. ^ Cars series grossed 537 million美元.[198] Planes series grossed 117 million美元.[199]
  97. ^ One Piece 商品銷售:
    • 日本商品銷售 up until June 2004 – $10 [200]
    • 日本商品銷售 between 2005 and 2012 – ¥2145.02億 (3130 million美元)
      • 2005–2008 – ¥36.24 十億[17]
      • Bandai Namco toy sales during April–December 2009 – ¥10億[201]
      • 2010 – ¥40.75 十億[17] (454.19 million美元)
      • 2011 – ¥72751.8 million[202]
      • 2012 – ¥100 十億[203]
    • 日本授權商品 sales during 2013–2014 – 14.21億美元
      • 2013 – ¥60759 million[93] (624 million美元)
      • 2014 – ¥48672 million[204] (459 million美元)
    • Bandai Namco's net income from One Piece toy sales from April 2016 to December 2019 – ¥22.7 十億 (208 million美元)[205][206][207]
  98. ^ See List of best-selling manga § At least 100 million copies.
  99. ^ See One Piece (TV series) § Reception
  100. ^ One Piece home entertainment media:
    • 日本video sales of 日本電視動畫系列 – ¥9,821,281,050 (123.09 million美元)
      • Episodes 1–130[9]¥7,319,218,725 (38 volumes,[210] 15 four-episode volumes[210] at ¥5,040,[211] 23 three-episode volumes[210] at ¥4,725,[212] 39,719 sales per volume)[9]
      • Later episodes – ¥2,502,062,325 (529,537 units,[213] ¥4,725 price)[214]
    • 东映动画的 One Piece 動畫(日本) earnings (overseas sales/licensing and domestic licensing) between April 2003 and December 2019 – 720 million美元[cu]
    • DVD和藍光銷售 of Strong World film in Japan during August 23–29 week of 2010 – ¥2.16 十億[215] (27.07 million美元)
    • DVD和藍光銷售 of film releases in the United States since 2012 – $2.2 million[216][217][218]
    • Home entertainment media sales in Japan between 2013 and June 2018 – ¥37,368,916,771 (413 million美元)
      • 2013 – ¥11,061.3 million[219] (113.52 million美元)
      • 2015–2016 – ¥13,847,321,193[220][221] (127,319,982美元)
      • 2017–2018 – ¥12,460,295,578[10][222] (114,306,249美元)
  101. ^ Approximately 11,161,168,406美元 up until 2011 (25,175,567,833 card sales,[223] $3.99 per 9-card pack)[224][225]
  102. ^ Yu-Gi-Oh 商品銷售:
    • 日本sales up until 2002 – 20億美元[226]
    • Worldwide sales in 2003 – 16億美元[38]
    • 日本sales during 2005, 2007–2008 and 2010 – ¥32.46 十億[17] (257.3 million美元)
    • 授權商品 sales outside Asia during 2015–2018 – 920 million美元
      • 120 million美元 in 2015.[227] 200 million美元 in 2016.[228] 300 million美元 in 2017.[229] 300 million美元 in 2018.[230]
  103. ^ See Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Links § Reception.
  104. ^ Yu-Gi-Oh 電子遊戲s:
    • 日本console game 零售銷售 – 3,660,321 units, average ¥4,814 price – ¥17,621,946,900[231] (221 million美元)
    • 游戏王:决斗链接108 million美元[cy]
  105. ^ Middle-earth / Lord of the Rings franchise is reported to have grossed 19.827 十億美元 in total revenue as of January 2018.[236]
  106. ^ In October 2015, it was projected that the James Bond franchise would be worth an estimated £13 十億 (19.9 十億美元) after the release of Spectre.[239]
  107. ^ Peanuts retail sales:
    • As of 1990 – 448 million美元[13]
    • Late 1990s – 10億美元[242]
    • 日本sales during 2000–2009 and 2011 – ¥4016.7億 (5034 million美元)
      • 2000 – ¥65 十億[55]
      • 2001–2002 – ¥87.75 十億[17]
      • 2003 – ¥40 十億[55]
      • 2004–2007 – ¥151.84 billion[17]
      • 2008 – ¥20.94 billion[243]
      • 2011 – ¥36.14 billion[17]
    • Global sales in 2010 – 2 billion美元[22]
    • US sales in 2011 – 600 百萬美元[47]
    • 2012 – 1.141 billion美元[48]
    • 2013–2017 – 6.887 billion美元
      • 1.167 billion美元 in 2013.[48] 1.194 billion美元 in 2014.[49] 1.5 billion美元 in 2015.[244] 1.468 billion美元 in 2016. 1.558 billion美元 in 2017.[29]
    • 2018 – 1.662 billion美元[30]
  108. ^ 108.0 108.1 Power Rangers / Super Sentai 授權商品 sales:
    • 金剛戰士系列 licensed toy sales during 1993–1999 – $6 billion wholesale revenue[254]
    • 超級戰隊系列 授權商品 sales in Japan between 2001 and 2012 – ¥337.81 billion[18] (4233 million美元)
      • 2001–2002 – ¥61.16 billion[17]
      • 2003 – ¥39.61 billion[17]
      • 2004 – ¥35.8 billion[17]
      • 2005 – ¥44.76 billion[17]
      • 2006 – ¥29.15 billion[17]
      • 2007 – ¥17.21 billion[17]
      • 2008 – ¥37.3 billion[18]
      • 2009 – ¥36.6 billion[44]
      • 2010 – ¥30.24 billion[17]
      • 2012 – ¥5.98 billion[17]
    • Power Rangers 授權商品 sales during 2012–2018 – 2.479 billion美元
      • 2012–2013 – 633 百萬美元[48]
      • 2014 – 326 百萬美元[49]
      • 2015 – $330 百萬[27]
      • 2016–2017 – 909 百萬美元[29]
      • 2018 – 281 百萬美元[101]
    • Super Sentai 授權商品 sales in Japan during 2013–2014 – 760 百萬美元
      • 2013 – ¥38 billion[93] (389.98 百萬美元)
      • 2014 – ¥39.21 billion[204] (370.18 million美元)
  109. ^ Super Sentai / Power Rangers retail sales:
    • Bandai Namco's net income from Bandai Power Rangers 商品銷售 between April 2005 and March 2012 – ¥123.3 billion[246][247][248][249][250] ($1.55 billion)
    • Bandai Namco's net income from Bandai's Super Sentai / Power Rangers merchandise and 電子遊戲 sales between April 2012 and June 2018 – 1.52 billion美元
      • April 2012 to March 2013 – ¥20.8 billion[250] (213 million美元)
      • April 2013 to March 2014 – ¥25.3 billion[251] ($239 million)
      • April 2014 to March 2016 – ¥42.3 billion[252] (389 million美元)
      • April 2016 to December 2019 – ¥75 billion (688 million美元)[206][207]
    • Licensed 授權商品 – 13.472 billion美元[dd]
    • Film DVD和藍光銷售 in the United States – $1500 [253]
  110. ^ Evangelion 商品銷售 up until 2012 – ¥196 billion (2.46 billion美元)
    • Up until 2006 – ¥150 billion[256]
    • 2007–2008 – ¥15.66 billion[17]
    • 2010–2012 – ¥30.32 billion[17]
  111. ^ Evangelion home entertainment sales:
    • Video sales up until 1997 – 800 百萬美元[257]
    • DVD and 藍光銷售 in the United States between March 2011 and June 2018 – 11 百萬美元[258]
    • 2013 home entertainment media sales in Japan – ¥3,968.5 百萬[219] (37.46 million美元)
  112. ^ "A Cruel Angel's Thesis" song played an estimated 300 百萬 times at Japanese karaoke venues up until 2016,[259] at an average price of ¥250 ($2.50) per playback,[260] generating an estimated revenue of 750 百萬美元.
  113. ^ See Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion § Release details.
  114. ^ Evangelion manga volumes sold 23 百萬 tankōbon copies,[261] at ¥626 price,[262] grossing approximately ¥14398 百萬 (180.45 百萬美元).
  115. ^ 367,316 software sales for PlayStation 2 in Japan grossed ¥2,400,210,306[263] (30,081,593美元).
  116. ^ Formerly Gainax.
  117. ^ 13 billion美元 retail sales up until 2014.[269] 933 百萬美元 in 2015. 915 百萬美元 in 2016.[270] 565 百萬美元 授權商品 sales in 2017.[29]
  118. ^ 動畫營收 Sales up until 2005
  119. ^ 4.6 billion美元 up until 2011.[273] 725 million美元 during 2012–2013.[48] 390 百萬美元 in 2014,[49] 396 百萬美元 in 2015,[27] 707 百萬美元 during 2016–2017,[29] and 255 百萬美元 in 2018.[101]
  120. ^ The Simpsons 電子遊戲s:
  121. ^ 121.0 121.1 See List of highest-grossing musicals § Highest-grossing musical theatre productions.
  122. ^ 3 billion美元 up until 1998.[278] ¥5.59 billion (70 million美元) in 1999.[17]
  123. ^ See List of highest-grossing musicals § Highest-grossing musical film series and film franchises.
  124. ^ Avengers DVD and 藍光銷售:
  125. ^ Arcade and software revenue up until 2016
  126. ^ Buckner & Garcia's Pac-Man Fever album and "Pac-Man Fever" single – 32 million美元[288]
  127. ^ Looney Tunes franchise retail sales:
    • Looney Tunes series – 8.477 billion美元
      • 3.5 billion美元 up until 1996.[290] 603 million美元 in 2010.[22] 624 million美元 in 2012. 617 million美元 in 2013.[48] 628 million美元 in 2014.[49] 639 million美元 in 2015.[27] 645 million美元 in 2016. 624 million美元 in 2017.[29] 597 million美元 in 2018.[101]
    • Space Jam6 billion美元[291]
  128. ^ See List of Looney Tunes feature films § Box office.
  129. ^ 12 billion美元 up until 2015.[293] 907 million美元 in 2016. 712 million美元 in 2017.[29] 759 million美元 in 2018.[101]
  130. ^ 6 billion美元 up until 1994.[295] 1 billion美元 during 2003–2005.[296] 475 million美元 during 2009–2012.[297] 850 million美元 in 2013.[48] 1.026 billion美元 in 2014.[49] $1.021 billion in 2015.[27] $1.093 billion in 2016. 823 million美元 in 2017.[29] 912 million美元 in 2018.[101]
  131. ^ Sailor Moon 動畫(日本)'s home entertainment media revenue:
    • VHS sales in Japan – 20 volumes sold 6,000,000 units up until 1995,[303] at ¥6,890 price,[304][305] grossing approximately ¥41340 million (518 million美元).
    • Sailor Stars DVD sales in Japan – ¥94,653,360 (1.19 million美元) – 6 volumes, 1,623 sales per volume,[9] ¥9,720 price[306][307]
    • Sailor Moon Crystal DVD and 藍光銷售 in Japan – ¥295.4 million[189] (3 million美元)
    • Toei Animation's Sailor Moon earnings (overseas sales/licensing and domestic licensing) between April 2009 and March 2018 – 24.1 million美元
      • April 2009 to March 2012 – ¥154 百萬 (2 million美元)[308]
      • April 2013 to March 2014 – ¥277 百萬 (3 million美元)[309]
      • April 2014 to March 2016 – ¥1.287 billion (12 million美元)[310]
      • April 2016 to March 2018 – ¥796 million (7.3 million美元)[311][312][313]
  132. ^ See Nakayoshi § Circulation.
  133. ^ Sales of Nakayoshi issues serializing Sailor Moon manga from December 1991 to February 1997 – 96,960,000 copies,[eb] ¥400 price[314]¥38,784,000,000 (355,790,401美元).
  134. ^ Sailor Moon 電子遊戲 sales up until 1995 – 10 releases with 200,000–300,000 sales each,[303] grossing approximately ¥167億1840百萬 (210 million美元).
  135. ^ Sailor Moon manga sold 35 million tankōbon volumes,[319] at ¥400 price,[320] grossing approximately ¥14000 million (175.46 million美元).
  136. ^ Arcade and software revenue up until 2016
  137. ^ "Space Invaders" (Player One) – 100,000 units in Australia,[322] grossed approximately 522,000美元.[323]
  138. ^ 5 billion美元 商品銷售 up until 2014.[324] $1.573 billion 授權商品 sales in 2015.[27] $1.598 billion in 2016. 1.404 billion美元 in 2017.[29] 1.013 billion美元 in 2018.[30]
  139. ^ $30 million pre-Broadway gross revenue. 52 million美元 Broadway gross revenue.[327]
  140. ^ Dragon Quest 商品銷售 in Japan up until 2012 – ¥78.86 billion (988.34 million美元)
    • Up until 1990 – ¥12 billion[328]
    • 授權商品 sales between 2001 and 2012:
      • 2001 & 2003 – ¥18.89 billion[17]
      • 2005–2007 – ¥20.48 billion[17]
      • 2008 – ¥9.7 billion[17][243]
      • 2010–2012 – ¥17.79 billion[17]
  141. ^ See Street Fighter (1994 film) § Release
  142. ^ Street Fighter box office and home video revenue:
  143. ^ Street Fighter (1994) soundtrack – 500,000 sales in the US,[344] average $14.48 price[345]
  144. ^ Final Fantasy 授權商品 sales in Japan between 2003 and 2010 – ¥33.21 billion (416.22 million美元)
    • 2003 – ¥9.35 billion
    • 2005–2007 – ¥21.6 billion
    • 2010–2012 – ¥2.26 billion
  145. ^ Video disc sales of Final Fantasy films:
  146. ^ Ultimania series sold 10 million books,[350] at average ¥1,700 price,[351] grossing approximately ¥17000 million (213.06 million美元).
  147. ^ Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within grossed $85,131,830 worldwide.[353] Kingsglaive: Final Fantasy XV grossed $6,585,787 worldwide, including 4.2 million美元 in China,[354] $907,524 in Japan, $269,980 in the United States,[355] and $1,208,283 in other territories.[349][355]
  148. ^ Approximately 14 million美元 up until 2017 (5.5 million booster pack sales,[357] $4 booster pack price).[358]
  149. ^ Ultraman 商品銷售:
    • Up until 1987 – 7.4 billion美元[361]
    • 日本授權商品 sales between 1999 and 2012 – ¥188.94 billion (2.37 billion美元)
      • 1999 – ¥33.62 billion[17][362]
      • 2001 – ¥22.33 billion[17]
      • 2003 – ¥19.38 billion[17]
      • 2004 – ¥30.21 billion[17]
      • 2005 – ¥19.64 billion[17]
      • 2006 – ¥12.81 billion[17]
      • 2007 – ¥12.91 billion[17]
      • 2008 – ¥10.93 billion[243]
      • 2010–2012 – ¥27.11 billion[17]
    • Bandai Namco's net income from Bandai Ultraman 商品銷售 between April 2005 and December 2019 – 636 million美元
      • April 2005 to March 2012 – ¥25.2 billion ($316 million)[246][247][248][249][250]
      • April 2012 to March 2013 – ¥2 billion ($21 million)[250]
      • April 2013 to March 2014 – ¥3.2 billion ($30.2 million)[251]
      • April 2014 to March 2016 – ¥5.9 billion ($54.25 million)[205][251]
      • April 2016 to December 2019 – ¥23.7 billion (217 million美元)[205][206][207]
  150. ^ Ultraman 家庭影視銷售 in Japan up until 2006 – 5.78 million units,[166] average ¥3,800 price[363]¥21964 million (275.27 million美元).
  151. ^ 151.0 151.1 Superman DVD and 藍光銷售 – 529 million美元 (383 million美元 since 2008)
    • Superman films382 million美元 (296 million美元 since 2008)
      • North America – 282 million美元 (196 million美元 since 2008)[367]
      • Man of Steel (2013) overseas sales – 100 million美元[368]
    • Smallville (DVD) – 100 million美元 (40 million美元 since 2008)[369]
    • Justice League (2017) – 47 million美元[370]
  152. ^ 152.0 152.1 Merchandise sold 280 million美元 in 2010,[22] 554 million美元 during 2012–2013,[48] 305 million美元 in 2014,[49] $725 million in 2015,[27] $812 million in 2016, and 722 million美元 in 2017.[29] 634 million美元 in 2018.[101]
  153. ^ 1.8 billion美元 retail sales up until 2007.[364] 383 million美元 DVD and 藍光銷售 since 2008.[eu] Merchandise sold 3.398 billion美元 since 2010.[ev]
  154. ^ See Superman in film § Box office performance.
  155. ^ Superman box office:
  156. ^ Superman 漫畫銷售 – 600 million copies[365]
    • 1960–1987 – 165,693,146 copies – $49,241,585[366]
    • 1993–1996 – 13,023,420 copies – $20,869,974[122]
    • 2009–2013 – 9,592,700 copies – $40,137,364[122]
    • Other 411,690,734 copies, at average $2.99 price[122]1,230,955,295美元
  157. ^ Superman television revenue:
  158. ^ See Action Comics § Sales.
  159. ^ Superman VHS sales and rentals:
  160. ^ Naruto 授權商品 sales in Japan between 2003 and 2012 – ¥101 billion (1.27 billion美元)
    • 2003 – ¥8.67 billion[17]
    • 2005–2008 – ¥72.02 billion[17]
    • 2010–2012 – ¥20 billion[17]
  161. ^ Naruto 電子遊戲 sales:
    • Naruto series – 642 million美元
      • 2003–2004 retail sales in Japan – 1,962,504 units, average ¥6,560 price – ¥12,874,222,540[384] (161,351,329美元)
      • Bandai Namco's Naruto net sales from April 2005 to March 2006 – ¥3.4 billion ($43 million)[246]
      • 2007–2009 retail sales in Japan – 367,786 units, average ¥6,040 price – ¥2,221,390,063[384] (28 million美元)
      • Bandai Namco's Naruto net sales from April 2016 to December 2019 – ¥45.2 billion (414.65 million美元)[205][206][207]
    • Shōnen Jump 電子遊戲 appearances – 119.3 million美元[c]
  162. ^ Naruto 動畫(日本) home entertainment media sales:
    • DVD and 藍光銷售 in Japan – ¥1,177,143,975 (15 million美元)
      • Naruto – 92,477 volumes,[213] at average ¥4,095 price,[385] grossed approximately ¥378,693,315 (4,746,125美元).
      • Naruto: Shippuden – 171,948 volumes,[213] at ¥4,515 price,[386] grossed approximately ¥776,345,220 (9,729,856美元).
      • Boruto: Naruto Next Generations – 1,462 volumes,[213] at ¥15,120 price,[387] grossed approximately ¥22,105,440 (202,787美元).
    • Home entertainment media sales in Japan during 2013 and 2015 – ¥6,863,456,469 (74 million美元)
      • 2013 – ¥2,909,800,000[219] (36,468,229美元)
      • 2015 – ¥3,953,656,469[220] (37,318,086美元)
    • 家庭影視銷售 in the UK as of 2016 – 520,000 units (£14.99 price)[388] – £8 million (11 million美元)
    • Viz Media Naruto 動畫(日本) 家庭影視銷售 in North America – 3 million units,[389] $49.95 price[390]150 million美元
    • DVD and 藍光銷售 of Naruto films in the United States since 2015 – 4 million美元
  163. ^ See List of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure 電子遊戲s § Sales.
  164. ^ JoJo's Bizarre Adventure 電子遊戲 sales in Japan:
  165. ^ JoJo's Bizarre Adventure 動畫(日本) (2012 series) DVD and 藍光銷售 in Japan – ¥3,168.4 million[189] (40 million美元)
  166. ^ JoJo's Bizarre Adventure 授權商品 sales in Japan during 2012 – ¥1.84 billion[17] (23.06 million美元)
  167. ^ £1 billion (1.61 billion美元) as of 2009.[399] 1.2 billion美元 in 2010.[22] 390 million美元 in 2011.[47] 998 million美元 in 2012. 926 million美元 in 2013.[48] 935 million美元 in 2014.[49] 960 million美元 in 2015.[27] 985 million美元 in 2016. 726 million美元 in 2017.[29] 727 million美元 in 2017.[101]
  168. ^ 250 million美元 in 2011.[401] 1.849 billion美元 in 2012. 1.882 billion美元 in 2013.[48] 1.16 billion美元 in 2014.[49] 1.065 billion美元 in 2015.[27] 1.277 billion美元 in 2016. 814 million美元 in 2017.[29]
  169. ^ 1 billion美元 in 1997.[403] 525 million美元 in 2010.[404] 900 million美元 in 2010.[22] 515 million美元 in 2011.[47] 893 million美元 in 2012. 923 million美元 in 2013.[48] 792 million美元 in 2014.[405] 792 million美元 in 2015.[27] 775 million美元 in 2016. 724 million美元 in 2017.[29] 700 million美元 in 2017.[101]
  170. ^ See Pretty Cure § Merchandise.
  171. ^ See Pretty Cure § Reception.
  172. ^ 7.8 billion美元 franchise revenue up until December 1998.[411] 343.5 million美元 Star Trek Beyond box office revenue since July 2016.[412] 38 million美元 Star Trek Beyond DVD and 藍光銷售 since October 2016.[413] 180 million美元 商品銷售 in 2017.[29] 192 million美元 商品銷售 in 2018.[101]
  173. ^ 3.5 billion美元 retail sales up until 1998.[411] 授權商品 sold 150 million美元 in 2010,[22] 275 million美元 during 2012–2013,[48] 148 million美元 in 2014,[49] $149 million in 2015,[27] $159 million in 2016, 180 million美元 in 2017,[29] and 192 million美元 in 2018.[101]
  174. ^ 370 million美元 in 2013.[48] 667 million美元 in 2014.[405] 1.264 billion美元 in 2015.[27] 1.322 billion美元 in 2016. 327 million美元 in 2017.[29]
  175. ^ See Monster Strike (動畫(日本))s § Notes
  176. ^ Pirates of the Caribbean became a media franchise with the debut of the 加勒比海盗系列电影 series in 2003.
  177. ^ 1.75 billion美元 up until May 2017.[417] 31 million美元 DVD and 藍光銷售 since September 2017.[418]
  178. ^ Merchandise retail sales up until 2011.
  179. ^ 6 billion美元 up until 2013.[420] 681 million美元 in 2014.[405] 569 million美元 in 2015. 603 million美元 in 2016.[27]
  180. ^ X-Men 漫畫銷售 – 270 million copies[365]
    • 5,966,196 X-Men 2099 copies grossed $9,642,182.[422]
    • Other 264,033,804 copies, at average $1.73 price,[422] grossed approximately 456,778,481美元.
  181. ^ Sonic the Hedgehog 商品銷售:
    • 美國商品銷售 as of 1994 – 1 billion美元[423]
    • 日本授權商品 sales in 2003 – ¥3.74 billion[17] (5 million美元)
  182. ^ Sonic the Hedgehog 漫畫銷售 – 1,945,000 sales, $3.99 average price – 7,760,550美元
  183. ^ See Doraemon § Merchandise
  184. ^ See List of Doraemon films § 票房營收 performance
  185. ^ Jurassic Park merchandise:
    • 1993–1995 – 1 billion美元[429]
    • 2017–2018 – 706 million美元[101]
  186. ^ 545 million美元 up until 2004.[430] 133 million美元 since 2015.[428]
  187. ^ Bleach 授權商品 sales in Japan between 2006 and 2012 – ¥20.71 billion (260 million美元)
    • 2006–2008 – ¥15.63 billion[17]
    • 2010 – ¥1.94 billion[17]
    • 2011 – ¥1.61 billion[202]
    • 2012 – ¥1.53 billion[434]
  188. ^ See Bleach (manga)s § Notes
  189. ^ Bleach 動畫(日本) DVD and 藍光銷售 in Japan – 574,849 units,[213] ¥3,600 price[435]¥2,069,456,400 (26 million美元).
  190. ^ 1 million美元 截至2012年 (2012-Missing required parameter 1=month!).[436] 300 million美元 in 2013.[48] 407 million美元 in 2014.[49] $549 million in 2015.[27] $700 million in 2016. 679 million美元 in 2017.[29] 731 million美元 in 2018.[29]
  191. ^ Kumamon retail sales:
    • 2011–2012 – 1.2 billion美元[437]
    • 2013–2014 – ¥124.4 billion[438] (1174 million美元)
    • 2015 – ¥100.7 billion[439] (926 million美元)
    • 2016 – 1.16 billion美元[440]
    • 2017–2018 – ¥291,430,750,000 (2.67 billion美元)[441][442]
  192. ^ Appeared in Yo-kai Watch: The Movie, which grossed 65 million美元 in Japan.[443]
  193. ^ 1.74 billion美元 in 2015. 1.83 billion美元 in 2016.[446]
  194. ^ 500 million美元 up until May 2017.[452] 204 million美元 between August 2017 and May 2019.[453]
  195. ^ Ice Age:
  196. ^ Digimon 商品銷售:
    • 日本(截至2006年 (2006-Missing required parameter 1=month!)) – ¥110.54 billion (1.39 billion美元)
      • 截至2001年 (2001-Missing required parameter 1=month!)¥100 billion[462][463]
      • 2003 & 2006 – ¥10.54 billion[17]
    • US and Europe (截至2003年 (2003-Missing required parameter 1=month!)) – 4 billion美元[464][465]
  197. ^ Digital Monster virtual pet sales:
    • By 2005, Bandai sold more than 24 million units, at about ¥1,260 price,[466] grossing approximately ¥30240 million (379 million美元).
    • Bandai Namco's Digimon toy sales from April 2005 to March 2007 – ¥3.6 billion (45.12 million美元)[246][247]
  198. ^ Sales revenue of V Jump issues serializing Digimon manga series:[af]
    • November 1998 to March 2012 – 22,055,333 copies, ¥550 price – ¥12,130,433,150 (152,029,492美元)
    • Digimon World Re:Digitize from April 2013 to March 2018 – ¥7,895,251,650 (73,989,330美元)
  199. ^ See List of highest-grossing 動畫(日本) films § Highest-grossing 動畫(日本) franchises and film series.
  200. ^ Digimon console game retail sales in Japan – $90,467,983
      • 2000–2002 releases – 216,890 units, average ¥4,430 price – ¥960,751,800[468] (12,041,005美元)
      • 2006–2012 releases – 797,387 units, average ¥5,081 price – ¥4,051,533,280[469] (50,777,457美元)
      • 2013–2014 releases – 958,518 units, average ¥5,911 price – ¥952,385,880[469] (8,989,455美元)
      • 2014–2016 releases – 258,702 units, average ¥6,637 price – ¥1,717,000,040[469] (15,787,054美元)
      • 2017 releases – 51,456 units, average ¥6,273 price – ¥322,801,200[469] (2,961,262美元)
  201. ^ Digimon home entertainment media:
    • Digimon 動畫(日本) DVD and Blu-ray re-release sales in Japan – ¥1,182,507,200[470] (15 million美元)
    • Toei Animation's Digimon 動畫(日本) earnings (overseas sales/licensing and domestic licensing) from April 2003 to December 2017 – ¥4.324 billion (44.1 million美元)
      • April 2003 to March 2012 – ¥2.659 billion (33.32 million美元)[471][472][308]
      • April 2012 to March 2013 – ¥399 million (4.09 million美元)[473]
      • April 2013 to March 2014 – ¥73 million (689,038美元)[309]
      • April 2016 to March 2018 – ¥619 million (6 million美元)[311][312]
  202. ^ Tamagotchi digital pet sales – 82 million units up until September 2017, about ¥2,916 price[477]
    • Up until March 2012 – 78 million units[478]¥227448 million (2851 million美元)
    • Between April 2013 and September 2017 – 4 million units – ¥11664 million (107 million美元)
  203. ^ Tamagotchi 授權商品 sales:
    • Up until 1999 – 1 billion美元[479]
    • 日本sales between 2005 and 2012 – ¥166.109 billion (2082 million美元)
      • 2005–2007 – ¥97.13 billion[17]
      • 2008 – ¥6.779 billion[18]
      • 2010–2012 – ¥62.2 billion[17]
  204. ^ Japan console game sales between 2005 and 2008 – 2,434,062 units, ¥5,040 price[480]¥12,267,672,480 (153,749,498美元).
  205. ^ Mortal Kombat:
    • 1992–2000 – 5 billion美元[482]
    • 2002–2019 – 1.051 billion美元[c]
  206. ^ 1 million units,[485] $13.48 average price[486]
  207. ^ See Weekly Shōnen Sunday § Circulation
  208. ^ Sales revenue of Weekly Shōnen Sunday issues serializing Detective Conan manga from January 1994 to March 2018 – ¥345,108,841,140 (3,165,903,797美元)[gy]
  209. ^ Detective Conan manga sold 200 million tankōbon volumes,[87] at ¥463 price,[487] grossing approximately ¥92600 million (1161 million美元).
  210. ^ See List of Case Closed films § 票房營收 performance
  211. ^ See Case Closed § Reception
  212. ^ See Case Closed discography
  213. ^ 動畫營收 media sales of ¥1,574.9 million (15 million美元) in 2013,[219] ¥8,348,479,136 (46,082,650美元) during 2015–2016,[220][221] and ¥8,207,565,588 (75,293,241美元) during 2017–2018.[10][222]
  214. ^ 90 million copies,[489] $9.99 price[490]
  215. ^ $66,493,039 in 2012.[491] $36,519,093 in 2013.[492] $40,928,716 in 2014.[493] $34,173,270 in 2015.[494] $61,666,926 in 2016.[495] $26,215,537 in 2017.[496] $6,825,025 during January–June 2018.[497]
  216. ^ Game of Thrones 電子遊戲s:
  217. ^ First two films grossed 1.6 billion美元.[502] Later films grossed 322 million美元.[501]
  218. ^ Resident Evil films at box office:
  219. ^ See Resident Evil: Degeneration § Reception.
  220. ^ Resident Evil films on home video:
    • Resident Evil: Degeneration76.4 million美元[hk]
    • Other films – 91.1 million美元[504]
  221. ^ 1.5 billion美元 up until 2001.[507] 1 billion美元 in 2014.[508] 1 billion美元 in 2017.[509]
  222. ^ More than 1 billion美元 in the 1990s.[510] $166,232,281 during 2001–2002.[111]
  223. ^ Friends streaming television revenue:
  224. ^ Care Bears retail sales:
    • 1980s – 2 billion美元[514]
    • 2000s–2010s – 3 billion美元[515]
  225. ^ Care Bears films at box office:

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    Total as of August 3, 2014: $247,650,477
    Total as of August 31, 2014: $249,036,646
    Total as of July 27, 2014: $21,668,593
    Total as of November 2, 2014: $22,492,845
    Total as of August 17, 2014: $167,333
    Total as of June 8, 2014: £39,090,985
    Total as of November 30, 2014: £40,960,083 ($1 = £0.63866)
    Total as of December 7, 2014: £41,087,765 ($1 = £0.64136)
    Total as of December 14, 2014: £41,170,608 ($1 = £0.636)
    Total as of November 26, 2017: £42,840,559 ($1 = £0.7497)
    Total as of December 3, 2017: £42,976,318 ($1 = £0.742)
    Total as of March 30, 2014: €35,098,170
    Total as of October 18, 2015: €42,526,744
    nb. the exact euro to dollar conversion rate is unknown for earnings since April 2014, but the euro never fell below parity with the dollar during 2014 and 2015 (as can be verified by comparing the exchange rate on the individual date entries at the provided reference) so an approximate conversion rate of €1:$1 is used here to give a lower-bound.
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