^Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Xibei Guanhua (Northwest Mandarin). Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
^China - Page 902 Chung Wah Chow, David Eimer, Caroline B Heller - 2009 "Language Most of the population in Qīnghǎi speaks a northwestern Chinese dialect similar to Gānsùhuà (part of the Lanyin Mandarin family). Tibetans speak the Amdo or Kham dialects of Tibetan. It's possible to travel almost everywhere using ..."